A Modest Proposal: For preventing the children of poor people in Ireland, from being a burden on their parents or country, and for making them beneficial to the publick — Page 7

Vocabulary

Così

So, thus; in this way or manner

il

The; masculine singular definite article

signorotto

Minor landlord or petty nobleman with local power

imparerà

He/she will learn something new

ad

To, at; preposition used before vowels

essere

To be; fundamental Italian auxiliary verb

un

A, an; masculine singular indefinite article

buon

Good; masculine adjective before a consonant

padrone

Owner, master, or landlord of a property

di

Of, from; very common Italian preposition

casa

House, home; a place where one lives

e

And; basic Italian coordinating conjunction

diventerà

He/she will become something in the future

popolare

Popular, well-liked among a group of people

tra

Among, between; preposition indicating position or relation

i

The; masculine plural definite article

suoi

His/her/its; masculine plural possessive adjective

affittuari

Tenants; people who rent property from a landlord

la

The; feminine singular definite article

madre

Mother; a female parent

avrà

He/she/it will have; future tense of avere

otto

Eight; the number 8

profitto

Profit; financial gain from a transaction

netto

Net, clear; after deductions, pure amount remaining

sarà

He/she/it will be; future tense of essere

in

In, into; common Italian preposition of location

grado

Degree, level; also used in phrase essere in grado

lavorare

To work; to perform labor or a task

finché

Until, as long as; Italian temporal conjunction

non

Not; basic Italian negation word

produrrà

He/she/it will produce or yield something

altro

Other, another; refers to something additional or different

figlio

Son, child; offspring of a parent

Coloro

Those; third-person plural pronoun referring to people

sono

They are / I am; present tense of essere

più

More, most; Italian comparative and superlative adverb

parsimoniosi

Frugal, thrifty; people who spend as little as possible

come

As, how, like; Italian conjunction and adverb

devo

I must, I have to; first person of dovere

ammettere

To admit, acknowledge; to concede a fact

tempi

Times, periods; plural of tempo

richiedono

They require, demand; third person plural of richiedere

possono

They can; third person plural of potere

carcassa

Carcass; the dead body of an animal

pelle

Skin, hide, leather; outer covering of a body

della

Of the; feminine singular contraction of di + la

quale

Which, what; Italian relative or interrogative pronoun

farà

He/she/it will make or do; future of fare

degli

Of the, some; masculine plural contraction di + gli

ammirévoli

Admirable; worthy of admiration or praise

guanti

Gloves; hand coverings worn for warmth or style

per

For, through; common Italian preposition of purpose

le

The; feminine plural definite article

signore

Ladies, women; polite term for adult females

stivali

Boots; footwear covering the foot and lower leg

estivi

Summer; adjective describing things relating to summer

gentiluomini

Gentlemen; well-bred or upper-class men

eleganti

Elegant, stylish; having refined taste and appearance

Per quanto riguarda

As for, regarding; phrase introducing a new topic

nostra

Our; feminine singular first-person plural possessive adjective

città

City, town; an urban settlement of people

designati

Designated, assigned; officially appointed for a purpose

dei

Of the, some; masculine plural contraction of di + i

a

To, at; very common Italian preposition

questo

This; masculine singular demonstrative pronoun/adjective

scopo

Purpose, aim, goal; the reason behind an action

nelle

In the; feminine plural contraction of in + le

parti

Parts, areas, sides; sections of a whole

convenienti

Convenient, suitable; appropriate for a given situation

essa

It, she; third person feminine singular pronoun

possiamo

We can; first person plural of potere

certi

Certain, some; referring to particular unspecified people

mancheranno

They will lack, be missing; future of mancare

sebbene

Although, even though; Italian concessive conjunction

io

I; first person singular subject pronoun

raccomandi

I recommend; subjunctive/present of raccomandare

piuttosto

Rather, quite; used to express preference or degree

comprare

To buy, purchase; to acquire something with money

bambini

Children, babies; young human beings

vivi

Alive, living; plural adjective referring to living things

cucinarli

To cook them; infinitive with object pronoun attached

caldi

Warm, hot; plural adjective describing temperature

coltello

Knife; a bladed utensil used for cutting food

facciamo

We do, we make; first person plural of fare

con

With; Italian preposition indicating accompaniment or means

maiali

Pigs; domestic farm animals raised for meat

arrosto

Roast; meat cooked by roasting in an oven

Una

A, an; feminine singular indefinite article

persona

Person; an individual human being

molto

Very, much; Italian adverb of degree or quantity

degna

Worthy, deserving; having merit or respectability

vero

True, real; something genuine or truthful

amante

Lover, enthusiast; one who loves something deeply

del

Of the; masculine singular contraction of di + il

suo

His, her, its; masculine singular possessive adjective

paese

Country, village; a nation or small settlement

cui

Whose, which; Italian relative pronoun

virtù

Virtue; moral excellence and good character

ho

I have; first person singular present of avere

massima

Greatest, highest; superlative feminine adjective

stima

Esteem, regard; respect or high opinion of someone

si

Himself/herself/itself; reflexive pronoun in Italian

è

Is; third person singular present of essere

recentemente

Recently; in the near or immediate past

compiaciuta

Pleased, gratified; feminine past participle of compiacersi

discutendo

Discussing; gerund form of discutere

questa

This; feminine singular demonstrative adjective/pronoun

materia

Matter, subject; a topic under discussion

offrire

To offer; to present something for consideration or use

perfezionamento

Improvement, refinement; the act of making something better

al

To the; masculine singular contraction of a + il

mio

My; masculine singular first-person possessive adjective

schema

Scheme, plan; an organized outline or proposal

Egli

He; formal third person masculine singular subject pronoun

disse

He/she said; past tense (passato remoto) of dire

molti

Many; masculine plural adjective indicating large quantity

regno

Kingdom, realm; a territory ruled by a monarch

avendo

Having; gerund of avere used in compound constructions

recente

Recent; happening or appearing not long ago

sterminato

Exterminated, wiped out; completely destroyed a population

loro

Their, them, they; third person plural pronoun

cervi

Deer; plural of cervo, a hoofed wild animal

riteneva

He/she believed, considered; imperfect of ritenere

mancanza

Lack, shortage; the absence or scarcity of something

potesse

Could, might; imperfect subjunctive of potere

ben

Well; adverb, shortened form of bene before consonants

dai

From the, by the; masculine plural contraction da + i

corpi

Bodies; plural of corpo, the physical form of a person

giovani

Young; adjective or noun referring to young people

ragazzi

Boys, guys, kids; young male individuals

oltre

Over, beyond, more than; Italian preposition of excess

quattordici

Fourteen; the number 14

anni

Years; plural of anno, a unit of time

età

Age; the number of years a person has lived

né

Neither, nor; Italian negative coordinating conjunction

sotto

Under, below; Italian preposition of position

dodici

Twelve; the number 12

essendo

Being; gerund of essere used in compound constructions

ora

Now; at the present moment in time

così

So, such, this way; Italian adverb of manner/degree

gran

Great, large; shortened form of grande before nouns

numero

Number, quantity; a count or numerical value

entrambi

Both; referring to two people or things together

sessi

Sexes; plural of sesso, male or female gender

ogni

Every, each; Italian adjective indicating all members

contea

County; an administrative division of a country

pronti

Ready; masculine plural adjective meaning prepared

morire

To die; to cease living

fame

Hunger, famine; the state of lacking food

lavoro

Work, job, labor; employment or a task performed

servizio

Service; work done for others or a public function

questi

These; masculine plural demonstrative pronoun/adjective

da

From, by, since; versatile Italian preposition

ceduti

Yielded, handed over; masculine plural past participle of cedere

genitori

Parents; a mother and father together

se

If; Italian conditional conjunction

vita

Life; the state of being alive

o

Or; Italian disjunctive coordinating conjunction

altrimenti

Otherwise, or else; indicating an alternative condition

parenti

Relatives; family members related by blood or marriage

prossimi

Nearest, closest; next of kin or nearby relatives