A Modest Proposal: For preventing the children of poor people in Ireland, from being a burden on their parents or country, and for making them beneficial to the publick — Page 11

Vocabulary

In

Preposition indicating location or inclusion within something

secondo

Second; also means 'according to' in Italian

luogo

Place, location, or spot

gli

Definite article for masculine plural nouns

affittuari

Tenants who rent property from a landlord

più

More; used for comparisons or indicating greater quantity

poveri

Poor people; those lacking financial resources

avranno

They will have; future tense of 'avere'

qualcosa

Something; an unspecified object or thing

di

Of, from; common preposition expressing possession or origin

prezioso

Precious, valuable; of great worth or importance

loro

Their, them; third person plural possessive or pronoun

proprietà

Property, ownership; something legally belonging to someone

che

That, which, who; common conjunction or relative pronoun

per

For, by, through; versatile Italian preposition

legge

Law; a rule established by authority or government

potrà

It/he/she will be able to; future of 'potere'

essere

To be; fundamental Italian auxiliary and linking verb

reso

Made, rendered; past participle of 'rendere'

soggetto

Subject, liable to; exposed to a condition or action

a

To, at; basic Italian preposition of direction or place

un

A, an; indefinite article for masculine singular nouns

pignoramento

Seizure of property by legal authority for debt

e

And; basic coordinating conjunction joining words or clauses

aiuterà

It will help; future tense of 'aiutare'

pagare

To pay; to give money in exchange for something

l'affitto

The rent; payment made to a landlord for housing

al

To the; contraction of 'a' and 'il'

padrone

Owner, master, landlord; person in authority or ownership

casa

House, home; a building where people live

essendo

Being; gerund of 'essere', used in subordinate clauses

già

Already; indicating something has happened before now

stati

Been, states; past participle of 'essere' or plural noun

sequestrati

Seized, confiscated; taken away by legal authority

il

The; definite article for masculine singular nouns

grano

Grain, wheat; a cereal crop used to make bread

bestiame

Livestock, cattle; farm animals kept for agriculture

denaro

Money, currency; medium used for financial transactions

una

A, an; indefinite article for feminine singular nouns

cosa

Thing; a generic object or matter of discussion

sconosciuta

Unknown, unfamiliar; not known or recognized

terzo

Third; the ordinal number following second

poiché

Since, because; causal conjunction explaining a reason

mantenimento

Maintenance, upkeep; the cost of supporting someone financially

centomila

One hundred thousand; a large numerical quantity

bambini

Children; young boys and girls

dai

From the; contraction of 'da' and 'i'

due

Two; the number following one

anni

Years; units of time equal to twelve months

in su

And up, upward; indicating age range or direction

non

Not; basic Italian negation word

può

Can, is able to; third person singular of 'potere'

calcolato

Calculated, estimated; determined through mathematical reasoning

meno

Less, fewer; indicating smaller amount or degree

dieci

Ten; the number following nine

scellini

Shillings; former British currency units

testa

Head; also used idiomatically to mean 'per person'

all'anno

Per year, annually; occurring once each year

patrimonio

Heritage, patrimony, wealth; assets belonging to a nation

della

Of the; contraction of 'di' and 'la'

nazione

Nation; a country and its people

sarà

Will be; future tense of 'essere'

così

So, thus; in this way or to this degree

aumentato

Increased, augmented; grown larger in amount or size

cinquantamila

Fifty thousand; a large numerical quantity

sterline

Pounds sterling; British unit of currency

oltre

Beyond, besides, over; indicating something additional

profitto

Profit, gain; financial benefit from an activity

nuovo

New; recently made or introduced for the first time

piatto

Dish, plate; a food preparation or eating vessel

introdotto

Introduced; brought in or presented for the first time

sulle

On the; contraction of 'su' and 'le'

tavole

Tables; flat surfaces used for eating or working

tutti

All, everyone; referring to every person or thing

i

The; definite article for masculine plural nouns

gentiluomini

Gentlemen; men of high social class and refinement

facoltosi

Wealthy, affluent; having great financial resources

del

Of the; contraction of 'di' and 'il'

regno

Kingdom, reign; territory ruled by a monarch

abbiano

May they have; subjunctive of 'avere'

qualche

Some, any; an indefinite small quantity of something

raffinamento

Refinement; the process of improving taste or quality

nel

In the; contraction of 'in' and 'il'

gusto

Taste, flavor; ability to appreciate quality or aesthetics

E

And; coordinating conjunction joining two clauses

circolerà

Will circulate; future tense of 'circolare'

tra

Between, among; preposition indicating position or relationship

noi

We, us; first person plural personal pronoun

stessi

Ourselves, same; reflexive pronoun emphasizing identity

beni

Goods, assets; material possessions or products

interamente

Entirely, completely; in a total and complete manner

nostra

Our; first person plural feminine possessive adjective

produzione

Production; the process of making goods or products

manifattura

Manufacture; the making of goods by hand or machinery

quarto

Fourth; the ordinal number following third

le

The; definite article for feminine plural nouns

madri

Mothers; women who have given birth to children

prolifiche

Prolific; producing many offspring or children

guadagno

Gain, earnings; money or profit obtained from work

otto

Eight; the number following seven

dalla

From the; contraction of 'da' and 'la'

vendita

Sale; the act of selling goods or services

dei

Of the; contraction of 'di' and 'i'

figli

Children, sons; offspring of a parent

saranno

They will be; future tense of 'essere'

liberate

Freed, liberated; released from a burden or obligation

dall'onere

From the burden; relieved of a duty or obligation

mantenerli

To maintain them; to support or keep them financially

dopo

After, following; indicating time sequence or order

primo

First; the ordinal number preceding second

quinto

Fifth; the ordinal number following fourth

questo

This; demonstrative pronoun referring to something nearby

cibo

Food; nourishment consumed by people or animals

porterebbe

Would bring; conditional tense of 'portare'

ugualmente

Equally, likewise; in the same manner or degree

grande

Great, large, big; of considerable size or importance

clientela

Clientele, customers; the regular patrons of a business

alle

To the; contraction of 'a' and 'le'

taverne

Taverns, inns; establishments serving food and drink

dove

Where; interrogative or relative adverb of place

tavernieri

Innkeepers, tavern owners; people running eating establishments

certamente

Certainly, surely; without any doubt

accorti

Shrewd, clever; having practical wisdom and awareness

da

From, by, since; versatile Italian preposition

procurarsi

To obtain for oneself; to acquire or secure something

migliori

Better, best; comparative or superlative of 'buono'

ricette

Recipes; instructions for preparing a food dish

prepararlo

To prepare it; infinitive with object pronoun attached

alla

To the; contraction of 'a' and 'la'

perfezione

Perfection; the state of being flawless or excellent

conseguenza

Consequence, result; an outcome following from a cause

locali

Premises, venues; local establishments or places of business

frequentati

Frequented, popular; often visited by many people

bei

Fine, good; plural of 'bello' before consonants

giustamente

Rightly, justly; in a fair and correct manner

si

Reflexive pronoun; oneself, each other, or impersonal subject

vantano

They boast; third person plural of 'vantarsi'

conoscenza

Knowledge, acquaintance; familiarity with a subject or person

buona

Good; feminine singular of 'buono'

cucina

Cuisine, kitchen; cooking or the place where cooking happens

cuoco

Cook, chef; a person who prepares food professionally

abile

Skilled, able; having talent or competence in something

sappia

May know; subjunctive of 'sapere'

come

How, like, as; used for comparison or manner

compiacere

To please, satisfy; to meet someone's wishes or desires

suoi

His, her; third person singular plural possessive adjective

ospiti

Guests, hosts; people welcomed or entertained at a place

ingegnerà

Will contrive, manage; future tense of 'ingegnarsi'

renderlo

To make it; infinitive of 'rendere' with object pronoun

tanto

So much, as much; indicating degree or quantity

costoso

Expensive, costly; requiring a large amount of money

quanto

As much as, how much; used in comparisons of quantity

essi

They, them; third person plural subject pronoun

desiderano

They desire, wish; third person plural of 'desiderare'

sesto

Sixth; the ordinal number following fifth

sarebbe

Would be; conditional tense of 'essere'

incentivo

Incentive, motivation; something encouraging a particular action

matrimonio

Marriage, wedding; the legal union of two people

tutte

All; feminine plural of 'tutto'

nazioni

Nations; countries or large groups of people

sagge

Wise; feminine plural of 'saggio'

hanno

They have; third person plural of 'avere'

incoraggiato

Encouraged; motivated or supported toward a goal

con

With; preposition indicating accompaniment or means

premi

Prizes, rewards; incentives given to encourage behavior

o

Or; disjunctive conjunction offering an alternative

imposto

Imposed; forced or enacted upon someone by authority

leggi

Laws; rules established and enforced by a government

sanzioni

Sanctions, penalties; punishments for breaking rules or laws