A Tale of Two Cities — Page 3

Vocabulary

Quant

kɑ̃ — As for, regarding a particular matter or topic

à

a — To, at, in; common preposition with many uses

ce

sə — This, that; demonstrative adjective or pronoun

dernier

dɛʁ.nje — Last, final; most recent of a series

point

pwɛ̃ — Point, detail; specific matter under consideration

lorsque

lɔʁsk — When; at the time that something occurs

chaque

ʃak — Each, every; referring to individual items in group

relais

ʁə.lɛ — Relay station; post where horses were exchanged

de

də — Of, from; extremely common French preposition

poste

pɔst — Post, mail; station for relay horses or mail

et

e — And; basic coordinating conjunction

taverne

ta.vɛʁn — Tavern, inn; establishment serving food and drink

pouvaient

pu.vɛ — Could, were able to; past tense of pouvoir

fournir

fuʁ.niʁ — To provide, supply; to furnish something to someone

quelqu'un

kɛl.kœ̃ — Someone, somebody; an unspecified person

la

la — The; feminine definite article

solde

sɔld — Pay, wages; salary paid to a soldier or worker

du

dy — Of the; contracted masculine definite article

Capitaine

ka.pi.tɛn — Captain; military or naval officer of authority

allant

a.lɑ̃ — Going; present participle of aller

propriétaire

pʁɔ.pʁje.tɛʁ — Owner, proprietor; person who owns a property

jusqu'au

ʒys.ko — Until, up to; as far as a particular point

plus

ply — More, most; comparative or superlative adverb

obscur

ɔps.kyʁ — Obscure, lowly; unknown or insignificant in rank

valet

va.lɛ — Valet, manservant; male servant of low rank

d'écurie

de.ky.ʁi — Of the stable; relating to horse stable work

c'était

se.tɛ — It was; imperfect tense of c'est

chose

ʃoz — Thing, matter; a general or unspecified object

probable

pʁɔ.babl — Probable, likely; having a good chance of happening

qui

ki — Who, that, which; relative or interrogative pronoun

soit

swa — Be, might be; subjunctive form of être

C'est

sɛ — It is, this is; very common French expression

ainsi

ɛ̃.si — Thus, so, in this way; manner adverb

que

kə — That, which, what; subordinating conjunction

le

lə — The; masculine definite article

conducteur

kɔ̃.dyk.tœʁ — Driver, conductor; person operating a vehicle

malle

mal — Mail coach; trunk or large travelling bag

Douvres

duvʁ — Dover; English port city across from Calais

pensait

pɑ̃.sɛ — Was thinking; imperfect tense of penser

en

ɑ̃ — In, by, as; versatile preposition or pronoun

lui-même

lɥi.mɛm — Himself; reflexive emphatic pronoun for a man

vendredi

vɑ̃.dʁə.di — Friday; fifth day of the working week

soir

swaʁ — Evening, night; period after afternoon

novembre

nɔ.vɑ̃bʁ — November; eleventh month of the year

mil

mil — One thousand; archaic form used in dates

sept

sɛt — Seven; the number 7

cent

sɑ̃ — Hundred; the number 100

soixante-quinze

swa.sɑ̃t.kɛ̃z — Seventy-five; the number 75

cahotant

ka.ɔ.tɑ̃ — Jolting, bumping; moving roughly over uneven ground

montée

mɔ̃.te — Ascent, slope; an uphill climb or rise

tandis

tɑ̃.di — While, whereas; used in tandis que construction

il

il — He, it; third-person masculine singular pronoun

se

sə — Himself, herself, itself; reflexive pronoun

tenait

tə.nɛ — Was standing, held; imperfect of tenir

sur

syʁ — On, upon; preposition indicating position above

son

sɔ̃ — His, her, its; possessive adjective masculine singular

perchoir

pɛʁ.ʃwaʁ — Perch, high seat; elevated position for sitting

particulier

paʁ.ti.ky.lje — Particular, specific; distinctive or individual

l'arrière

la.ʁjɛʁ — The rear, the back; rearmost part of a vehicle

battant

ba.tɑ̃ — Beating, stamping; striking repeatedly for warmth

semelle

sə.mɛl — Sole of a shoe; flat bottom part of footwear

gardant

ɡaʁ.dɑ̃ — Keeping, guarding; present participle of garder

un

œ̃ — A, an, one; masculine indefinite article or number

œil

œj — Eye; organ of sight

une

yn — A, an, one; feminine indefinite article

main

mɛ̃ — Hand; part of the body at end of arm

coffre

kɔfʁ — Chest, trunk, box; storage container on a coach

aux

o — To the, at the; plural contracted preposition

armes

aʁm — Arms, weapons; instruments used for fighting

devant

də.vɑ̃ — In front of, before; preposition of position

lui

lɥi — Him, he; third-person masculine pronoun

où

u — Where, in which; relative or interrogative adverb

tromblon

tʁɔ̃.blɔ̃ — Blunderbuss; short firearm with wide flared barrel

chargé

ʃaʁ.ʒe — Loaded, charged; filled with ammunition and ready

reposait

ʁə.po.zɛ — Was resting, lay; imperfect tense of reposer

au

o — At the, to the; contracted masculine preposition

sommet

sɔ.mɛ — Top, summit, peak; highest point of something

six

sis — Six; the number 6

ou

u — Or; coordinating disjunctive conjunction

huit

ɥit — Eight; the number 8

pistolets

pis.tɔ.lɛ — Pistols; small handheld firearms

cavalerie

ka.val.ʁi — Cavalry; military soldiers fighting on horseback

chargés

ʃaʁ.ʒe — Loaded; plural adjective meaning armed with ammunition

déposés

de.po.ze — Placed, deposited; laid down in a specific location

lit

li — Bed, layer; flat surface for lying or resting

sabres

sabʁ — Sabres, swords; curved bladed cutting weapons

La

la — The; feminine definite article

trouvait

tʁu.vɛ — Found, was finding; imperfect tense of trouver

dans

dɑ̃ — In, inside; preposition indicating location within

sa

sa — His, her, its; feminine possessive adjective

position

po.zi.sjɔ̃ — Position, situation; place or condition occupied

habituelle

a.bi.tɥɛl — Usual, habitual; regular or customary manner

agréable

a.ɡʁe.abl — Pleasant, agreeable; causing pleasure or comfort

méfiait

me.fjɛ — Distrusted, was wary of; imperfect of se méfier

des

de — Of the, some; plural partitive or contracted article

passagers

pa.sa.ʒe — Passengers; people travelling in a vehicle

les

le — The; plural definite article for both genders

méfiaient

me.fjɛ — Were distrustful; imperfect plural of se méfier

uns

œ̃ — Ones, some; plural of the pronoun un

autres

otʁ — Others; remaining or different people or things

ils

il — They; third-person masculine plural pronoun

tous

tu — All, everyone; total masculine plural pronoun

cocher

kɔ.ʃe — Coachman; driver of a horse-drawn carriage

n'était

ne.tɛ — Was not; negative imperfect of être

sûr

syʁ — Sure, certain; confident about a fact

rien

ʁjɛ̃ — Nothing; used in negative constructions

sinon

si.nɔ̃ — Except, otherwise; introducing an exception

chevaux

ʃə.vo — Horses; plural of cheval, equine animals

lesquelles

lɛ.kɛl — Which; feminine plural relative pronoun

bêtes

bɛt — Animals, beasts; creatures, often used for horses

aurait

o.ʁɛ — Would have; conditional tense of avoir

pu

py — Been able to; past participle of pouvoir

toute

tut — All, entire; feminine singular of tout

bonne

bɔn — Good; feminine singular adjective of bon

conscience

kɔ̃.sjɑ̃s — Conscience; moral sense of right and wrong

jurer

ʒy.ʁe — To swear, to vow; to declare something solemnly

deux

dø — Two; the number 2

Testaments

tɛs.ta.mɑ̃ — Testaments; Old and New Testament of the Bible

qu'elles

kɛl — That they; conjunction with feminine plural pronoun

n'étaient

ne.tɛ — Were not; negative imperfect plural of être

pas

pa — Not; negative particle used with ne

état

State, condition; situation something is found in

faire

fɛʁ — To do, to make; extremely common French verb

voyage

vwa.jaʒ — Journey, trip; travel from one place to another

dit

di — Said; past tense of dire, to say

Allons

a.lɔ̃ — Let's go, come now; imperative of aller

Encore

ɑ̃.kɔʁ — Still, again, more; indicating continuation or repetition

effort

ɛ.fɔʁ — Effort, exertion; energy applied to accomplish task

vous

vu — You; second-person plural or polite singular pronoun

êtes

ɛt — Are; second-person plural of être

allez

a.le — Go, are going; second-person plural of aller

diable

djabl — Devil; evil figure, used as mild expletive

car

kaʁ — Because, for; causal coordinating conjunction

j'ai

ʒe — I have; first-person singular of avoir

eu

y — Had; past participle of avoir

assez

a.se — Enough, quite; sufficient degree or amount

mal

mal — Difficulty, trouble; pain or hardship experienced

y

i — There, it; pronoun replacing a place or thing

amener

am.ne — To bring, to lead; to bring someone to a place

Holà

o.la — Hey, hold on; exclamation to attract attention

répondit

ʁe.pɔ̃.di — Replied, answered; simple past of répondre

Quelle

kɛl — What, which; feminine interrogative adjective

heure

œʁ — Hour, time; unit of time or clock reading

faites-vous

fɛt.vu — Do you make; inverted question with faire

Onze

ɔ̃z — Eleven; the number 11

heures

œʁ — Hours, o'clock; plural of heure used in time

dix

dis — Ten; the number 10

bien

bjɛ̃ — Well, good; adverb indicating quality or emphasis

sonnées

sɔ.ne — Struck, chimed; past participle feminine of sonner

s'exclama

sɛks.kla.ma — Exclaimed; simple past of s'exclamer

contrarié

kɔ̃.tʁa.ʁje — Annoyed, frustrated; feeling irritated by setback

Avancez

a.vɑ̃.se — Move forward, advance; imperative command to proceed

donc

dɔ̃k — Then, so, therefore; logical consequence connector