A Tale of Two Cities — Page 8

Vocabulary

che

Relative pronoun or conjunction meaning 'that' or 'who'

per

Preposition meaning 'for,' 'through,' or 'by'

tutto

Adjective or pronoun meaning 'all,' 'everything,' or 'whole'

questo

Demonstrative adjective or pronoun meaning 'this'

tempo

Noun meaning 'time' or 'weather'

era

Third person singular imperfect of 'essere,' meaning 'was'

stato

Past participle of 'essere,' meaning 'been'; also 'state'

indossando

Gerund of 'indossare,' meaning 'wearing' clothing

i

Definite article masculine plural, meaning 'the'

suoi

Possessive adjective meaning 'his,' 'her,' or 'its' (plural)

vestiti

Noun meaning 'clothes' or 'garments,' plural of 'vestito'

se

Conjunction meaning 'if' or reflexive pronoun 'oneself'

non

Negation adverb meaning 'not'

sono

First person plural or singular present of 'essere,' meaning 'I am' or 'they are'

tra

Preposition meaning 'between,' 'among,' or 'within'

la

Definite article feminine singular meaning 'the'; also direct object pronoun

pietà

Noun meaning 'pity,' 'compassion,' or 'mercy'

e

Conjunction meaning 'and'

una

Indefinite article feminine singular meaning 'a' or 'one'

cosa

Noun meaning 'thing' or 'matter'

dannata

Adjective meaning 'damned,' 'cursed,' or 'wretched'

l'altra

Contraction of 'la altra,' meaning 'the other' (feminine)

truffato

Past participle of 'truffare,' meaning 'cheated' or 'swindled'

questa

Demonstrative adjective feminine meaning 'this'

ultima

Adjective meaning 'last' or 'most recent' (feminine)

settimana

Noun meaning 'week'

in

Preposition meaning 'in,' 'at,' or 'into'

sfortuna

Noun meaning 'misfortune,' 'bad luck,' or 'ill fate'

tale

Adjective or pronoun meaning 'such,' 'so,' or 'like that'

quale

Relative or interrogative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'what'

mai

Adverb meaning 'never' or 'ever' depending on context

un

Indefinite article masculine singular meaning 'a' or 'one'

povero

Adjective meaning 'poor,' 'unfortunate,' or 'wretched'

diavolo

Noun meaning 'devil'; used colloquially to express frustration

di

Preposition meaning 'of,' 'from,' or 'about'

onesto

Adjective meaning 'honest,' 'upright,' or 'fair'

commerciante

Noun meaning 'merchant,' 'trader,' or 'shopkeeper'

ha

Third person singular present of 'avere,' meaning 'has'

incontrato

Past participle of 'incontrare,' meaning 'met' or 'encountered'

Giovane

Adjective or noun meaning 'young' or 'young person'

ragazzo

Noun meaning 'boy,' 'guy,' or 'young man'

mio

Possessive adjective meaning 'my' (masculine singular)

mentre

Conjunction meaning 'while' or 'whereas'

pulisco

First person singular present of 'pulire,' meaning 'I clean'

miei

Possessive adjective meaning 'my' (masculine plural)

stivali

Noun meaning 'boots,' plural of 'stivale'

tieni

Second person singular imperative of 'tenere,' meaning 'keep' or 'hold'

d'occhio

Phrase meaning 'in sight'; 'tieni d'occhio' means 'keep an eye on'

tua

Possessive adjective meaning 'your' (feminine singular)

madre

Noun meaning 'mother'

tanto

Adverb or adjective meaning 'so much,' 'a lot,' or 'anyway'

vedi

Second person singular present of 'vedere,' meaning 'you see'

qualche

Indefinite adjective meaning 'some,' 'any,' or 'a few'

segno

Noun meaning 'sign,' 'mark,' or 'indication'

ulteriore

Adjective meaning 'further,' 'additional,' or 'subsequent'

prostrazione

Noun meaning 'prostration,' 'exhaustion,' or 'collapse'

chiamami

Imperative plus pronoun meaning 'call me'

Perché

Conjunction or adverb meaning 'because' or 'why'

te

Stressed personal pronoun meaning 'you' (object form)

lo

Direct object pronoun meaning 'it' or 'him'

dico

First person singular present of 'dire,' meaning 'I say' or 'I tell'

qui

Adverb meaning 'here'

si

Reflexive pronoun meaning 'himself,' 'herself,' or 'oneself'

rivolse

Third person singular past of 'rivolgere,' meaning 'turned' or 'addressed'

nuovo

Adjective meaning 'new'; 'di nuovo' means 'again'

a

Preposition meaning 'to,' 'at,' or 'in'

sua

Possessive adjective meaning 'his,' 'her,' or 'its' (feminine singular)

moglie

Noun meaning 'wife'

me

Stressed personal pronoun meaning 'me'

ne

Partitive or locative pronoun meaning 'of it,' 'from there,' or 'about it'

andrò

First person singular future of 'andare,' meaning 'I will go'

modo

Noun meaning 'way,' 'manner,' or 'method'

Sono

First person singular present of 'essere,' meaning 'I am'

traballante

Adjective meaning 'shaky,' 'wobbly,' or 'unsteady'

come

Adverb or conjunction meaning 'as,' 'like,' or 'how'

carrozza

Noun meaning 'carriage,' 'coach,' or 'horse-drawn vehicle'

da

Preposition meaning 'from,' 'by,' or 'since'

nolo

Noun meaning 'hire,' 'rental,' or 'freight'; 'da nolo' means 'for hire'

assonnato

Adjective meaning 'sleepy,' 'drowsy,' or 'groggy'

il

Definite article masculine singular meaning 'the'

laudano

Noun meaning 'laudanum,' an opium-based tincture used historically

nervi

Noun meaning 'nerves,' plural of 'nervo'

tesi

Adjective meaning 'tense,' 'taut,' or 'strained'

tal

Shortened form of 'tale,' meaning 'such' before a noun

punto

Noun meaning 'point,' 'dot,' or 'degree'; 'a tal punto' means 'to such a degree'

saprei

First person singular conditional of 'sapere,' meaning 'I would know'

fosse

Third person singular imperfect subjunctive of 'essere,' meaning 'were'

dolore

Noun meaning 'pain,' 'ache,' or 'sorrow'

essi

Third person plural subject pronoun meaning 'they' (formal/literary)

fossi

First person singular imperfect subjunctive of 'essere,' meaning 'I were'

io

First person singular subject pronoun meaning 'I'

qualcun

Shortened form of 'qualcuno,' meaning 'someone' or 'somebody'

altro

Adjective or pronoun meaning 'other,' 'another,' or 'else'

eppure

Conjunction meaning 'and yet,' 'nevertheless,' or 'still'

niente

Pronoun or adverb meaning 'nothing' or 'not at all'

avvantaggiato

Past participle of 'avvantaggiare,' meaning 'benefited' or 'gained an advantage'

tasca

Noun meaning 'pocket'

ho

First person singular present of 'avere,' meaning 'I have'

sospetto

Noun meaning 'suspicion'; adjective meaning 'suspicious'

tu

Second person singular subject pronoun meaning 'you'

ci

Reflexive or locative pronoun meaning 'us,' 'ourselves,' or 'there'

sia

Third person singular present subjunctive of 'essere,' meaning 'is' or 'be'

stata

Past participle feminine of 'essere,' meaning 'been'

dalla

Contraction of 'da' and 'la,' meaning 'from the' (feminine)

mattina

Noun meaning 'morning'

alla

Contraction of 'a' and 'la,' meaning 'to the' or 'at the' (feminine)

sera

Noun meaning 'evening'

impedirmi

Infinitive plus pronoun meaning 'to prevent me' or 'to stop me'

trarne

Infinitive contraction meaning 'to draw from it' or 'to derive from it'

vantaggio

Noun meaning 'advantage,' 'benefit,' or 'gain'

sopporterò

First person singular future of 'sopportare,' meaning 'I will tolerate' or 'bear'

hai

Second person singular present of 'avere,' meaning 'you have'

dire

Verb infinitive meaning 'to say' or 'to tell'

adesso

Adverb meaning 'now' or 'at this moment'

Brontolando

Gerund of 'brontolare,' meaning 'grumbling' or 'muttering'

inoltre

Adverb meaning 'furthermore,' 'moreover,' or 'in addition'

frasi

Noun meaning 'sentences,' 'phrases,' or 'expressions'

Ah

Interjection expressing realization, surprise, or irony

sì

Adverb meaning 'yes'

Anche

Adverb meaning 'also,' 'too,' or 'even'

sei

Second person singular present of 'essere,' meaning 'you are'

religiosa

Adjective meaning 'religious,' 'devout,' or 'pious' (feminine)

Non

Negation adverb meaning 'not'

ti

Second person singular reflexive or object pronoun meaning 'yourself' or 'you'

metteresti

Second person singular conditional of 'mettere,' meaning 'you would put'

certo

Adverb or adjective meaning 'certainly,' 'sure,' or 'certain'

opposizione

Noun meaning 'opposition,' 'resistance,' or 'objection'

agli

Contraction of 'a' and 'gli,' meaning 'to the' (masculine plural)

interessi

Noun meaning 'interests' or 'concerns,' plural of 'interesse'

tuo

Possessive adjective meaning 'your' (masculine singular)

marito

Noun meaning 'husband'

figlio

Noun meaning 'son' or 'child'

vero

Adjective meaning 'true,' 'real,' or 'genuine'; used as a tag question

scagliando

Gerund of 'scagliare,' meaning 'hurling,' 'throwing,' or 'casting'

altre

Adjective meaning 'other' (feminine plural)

scintille

Noun meaning 'sparks,' plural of 'scintilla'

sarcastiche

Adjective meaning 'sarcastic' (feminine plural)

ruota

Noun meaning 'wheel'

vorticante

Adjective meaning 'whirling,' 'spinning,' or 'swirling'

della

Contraction of 'di' and 'la,' meaning 'of the' (feminine singular)

indignazione

Noun meaning 'indignation,' 'outrage,' or 'righteous anger'

signor

Title meaning 'Mr.' or 'sir,' truncated form of 'signore'

dedicò

Third person singular past of 'dedicare,' meaning 'dedicated' or 'devoted'

pulizia

Noun meaning 'cleaning,' 'cleanliness,' or 'tidiness'

dei

Contraction of 'di' and 'i,' meaning 'of the' (masculine plural)

preparazione

Noun meaning 'preparation' or 'getting ready'

generale

Adjective meaning 'general,' 'overall,' or 'broad'

lavoro

Noun meaning 'work,' 'job,' or 'labor'