A Tale of Two Cities — Page 2

Vocabulary

御者

gyosha — Coachman; person who drives a horse-drawn carriage.

が

ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar.

この

kono — This; demonstrative adjective referring to nearby thing.

ガラガラ

garagara — Rattling or clattering noise; onomatopoeia.

という

to iu — Called; known as; expressing a name or quote.

音

oto — Sound; noise made by an object or action.

を

wo — Direct object marker particle in Japanese grammar.

立てる

tateru — To make a sound; to raise or produce something.

たびに

tabi ni — Every time; whenever a certain action occurs.

乗客

jōkyaku — Passenger; person riding a vehicle or transport.

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the sentence's subject.

神経質

shinkeishitsu — Nervous; overly sensitive or anxious in temperament.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

旅人

tabibito — Traveler; person journeying from place to place.

そう

sō — Seeming; appearing to be in a certain way.

する

suru — To do; general verb for performing an action.

よう

yō — Like; as if; expressing resemblance or manner.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or purpose.

びくっ

bikku — Startled flinch; onomatopoeia for a sudden jolt.

と

to — Quotation or manner particle; with; and.

身

mi — Body; one's physical self or being.

震わせ

furuwase — Causing to tremble or shudder; making the body quiver.

心

kokoro — Heart; mind; one's inner feelings or spirit.

乱し

midashi — Disturbing; throwing into disorder or confusion.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb ending in Japanese.

くぼ地

kubochi — Hollow; low-lying depression or pit in the ground.

いう

iu — To say; to be called; to express verbally.

湯気

yuge — Steam; vapor rising from hot water or ground.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns together.

霧

kiri — Fog; mist obscuring visibility in the atmosphere.

立ち込め

tachikome — Filling up with; fog or smoke spreading densely everywhere.

その

sono — That; demonstrative adjective for something nearby contextually.

まるで

marude — Just like; as if; used before simile expressions.

悪霊

akuryō — Evil spirit; malevolent ghost or supernatural entity.

休む

yasumu — To rest; to take a break from activity.

場所

basho — Place; location; a specific spot or area.

求め

motome — Seeking; looking for; desiring or requesting something.

ながら

nagara — While doing; simultaneous action conjunction in Japanese.

も

mo — Also; even; particle adding inclusion or emphasis.

見つけ

mitsuke — Finding; discovering something previously unknown or lost.

られ

rare — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix in Japanese.

ず

zu — Negative verb ending; without doing; not doing.

わびしげ

wabishige — Appearing lonely; looking forlorn or desolately melancholy.

丘

oka — Hill; small elevated landform above surrounding terrain.

漂い

tadayoi — Drifting; floating aimlessly through air or water.

登っ

nobotte — Climbing; ascending a hill, stairs, or elevation.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential or concurrent actions.

い

i — Auxiliary indicating ongoing state or continuous action.

じめじめ

jimejime — Damp; humid; unpleasantly wet and gloomy atmosphere.

して

shite — Doing; conjunctive form connecting actions or states.

切る

kiru — To cut; intensifier meaning thoroughly or to the extreme.

ほど

hodo — To the extent of; as much as; approximately.

冷たい

tsumetai — Cold; chilly to the touch or in atmosphere.

不健全

fukenzen — Unhealthy; unwholesome; not conducive to good health.

海

umi — Sea; ocean; large body of salt water.

波

nami — Wave; undulating movement of water surface.

波紋

hamon — Ripple; circular wave pattern spreading across water.

互い

tagai — Each other; mutually; reciprocal relationship between two parties.

追いかけ

oikake — Chasing; pursuing something or someone closely behind.

重なり合う

kasanari au — Overlapping each other; layering on top of one another.

様子

yōsu — Appearance; state; the way something looks or seems.

目

me — Eye; the organ of sight; also meaning visible.

見える

mieru — To be visible; to appear; can be seen.

形

katachi — Shape; form; visible outline of an object.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or cause.

示し

shimeshi — Showing; indicating; demonstrating something to others.

ゆっくり

yukkuri — Slowly; gradually; at a relaxed unhurried pace.

空気

kūki — Air; atmosphere; the gaseous environment surrounding us.

中

naka — Inside; within; the middle or interior of something.

進ん

susunde — Advancing; moving forward; progressing through space.

いっ

itte — Going; colloquial contracted form of the verb iku.

あまり

amari — Too much; excessively; so much that it causes problems.

濃く

koku — Thickly; densely; with high concentration or opacity.

馬車

basha — Horse-drawn carriage; wheeled vehicle pulled by horses.

ランプ

ranpu — Lamp; light source used for illumination.

光

hikari — Light; brightness emitted by a source of illumination.

から

kara — From; because; particle indicating origin or reason.

自身

jishin — Oneself; by itself; referring to the thing itself.

たゆたう

tayutau — To waver; to drift; to sway back and forth.

動き

ugoki — Movement; motion; the act of something moving.

数

sū — Several; a number of; a few units or items.

ヤード

yādo — Yard; unit of length approximately 0.9 meters.

先

saki — Ahead; in front; beyond a certain point.

道

michi — Road; path; way leading from one place to another.

以外

igai — Other than; except for; excluding a specific thing.

すべて

subete — Everything; all; the entirety of something without exception.

遮断

shadan — Blocking out; cutting off; interrupting flow or visibility.

し

shi — Conjunctive verb form connecting reasons or sequential actions.

しまい

shimai — Ending up; finishing; resulting in an unintended outcome.

懸命

kenmei — With all one's might; desperately working very hard.

働く

hataraku — To work; to labor; to exert effort actively.

馬

uma — Horse; large domesticated animal used for transport.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix indicating a group of people or beings.

臭気

shūki — Stench; foul smell; unpleasant odor from a source.

へ

e — Toward; directional particle indicating movement toward something.

立ち上っ

tachinoboって — Rising up; ascending upward as steam or smoke does.

作り出し

tsukuridashi — Creating; producing; generating something new from existing elements.

か

ka — Question particle; or; expressing doubt or inquiry.

例

rei — Example; instance; a case used for illustration.

ほか

hoka — Other; besides; in addition to something already mentioned.

もう

mō — Already; anymore; another; expressing completion or addition.

二人

futari — Two people; a pair of persons together.

郵便

yūbin — Mail; postal service; the system of delivering letters.

脇

waki — Side; flank; beside; the area next to something.

歩い

aruite — Walking; moving on foot at a regular pace.

三人

sannin — Three people; a group consisting of three persons.

とも

tomo — All; both; every one of a specified group.

頬骨

hōbone — Cheekbone; the prominent bone beneath the eye area.

耳

mimi — Ear; the organ used for hearing sounds.

上

ue — Above; on top; upper position relative to something.

まで

made — Until; up to; as far as a certain point.

すっぽり

suppori — Completely enveloped; entirely covered with nothing exposed.

包み込み

tsutsumikomi — Wrapping up; enclosing completely within a covering.

長靴

nagagutsu — Boots; long footwear covering the foot and leg.

履い

haite — Wearing on feet; putting on shoes or boots.

うち

uchi — Among; within; inside a group or set of things.

誰

dare — Who; referring to an unspecified or unknown person.

一人

hitori — One person; alone; a single individual by themselves.

もの

mono — Thing; person; object; nominalizing particle in context.

他

hoka / ta — Other; another; different from the one mentioned.

どの

dono — Which; interrogative adjective asking about a specific item.

人物

jinbutsu — Person; individual; character with notable qualities or roles.

ある

aru — To exist; to be; used for inanimate things.

言う

iu — To say; to speak; to express something verbally.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizing particle for abstract concepts.

でき

deki — Being able to; capable of doing something possible.

なかっ

nakatte — Was not; negative past auxiliary form in Japanese.

だろ

daro — Probably; I suppose; expressing conjecture or supposition.

う

u — Volitional ending; let's; probably; expressing will or conjecture.

そして

soshite — And then; furthermore; connecting sentences sequentially.

各々

onōno — Each; respectively; every individual in a group separately.

連れ

tsure — Companion; person accompanying another on a journey.

肉体

nikutai — Physical body; flesh; the corporeal human form.

同じ

onaji — Same; identical; equal in nature or appearance.

くらい

kurai — About; approximately; to the degree or extent of.

幾重

ikue — Multiple layers; many folds; several times over.

覆い

ooi — Covering; a cloth or layer placed over something.

下

shita — Under; below; beneath a surface or object.

隠さ

kakusa — Hiding; concealing; keeping something out of sight.

れ

re — Passive verb suffix indicating an action done to subject.

当時

tōji — At that time; back then; in those days.

すぐ

sugu — Immediately; right away; very soon without delay.

打ち解ける

uchitokeru — To open up; to become friendly and less reserved.

非常

hijō — Extremely; very; an extraordinary or emergency degree.

警戒

keikai — Vigilance; caution; being on guard against danger.

道中

dōchū — During a journey; while traveling along the road.

出会う

deau — To encounter; to come across someone unexpectedly.

者

mono / sha — Person; one who does or is associated with something.

でも

demo — Even; but; however; or even any person or thing.

盗賊

tōzoku — Thief; bandit; criminal who steals by force or stealth.

結託

kettaku — Collusion; secret conspiracy; secretly cooperating for bad purposes.

いる

iru — To exist; to be present; used for animate beings.

可能性

kanōsei — Possibility; likelihood; the chance that something may happen.

あっ

atte — There being; existing; conjunctive form of aru.