A Tale of Two Cities — Page 5

Vocabulary

そのさなかにあって

sono sanaka ni atte — In the midst of all that; amid those circumstances

死刑執行人

shikei shikkōnin — Executioner; person who carries out death sentences

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the subject of discussion

常に

tsuneni — Always; at all times; constantly

忙しく

isogashiku — Busily; in a busy manner; occupied with many tasks

無用

muyō — Useless; unnecessary; serving no purpose

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns

長物

chōbutsu — Something useless or cumbersome despite its size

にも

nimo — Even; also; in addition to that

増して

mashite — Even more so; to a greater degree than

有害

yūgai — Harmful; dangerous; detrimental to others

な

na — Adjectival copula connecting na-adjective to noun

存在

sonzai — Existence; being; presence of a person or thing

であり

de ari — Is; being (formal linking copula form)

絶えず

taezu — Constantly; incessantly; without pause or rest

必要

hitsuyō — Necessity; need; something required or essential

と

to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker

され

sare — Passive form of suru; being done or made

て

te — Connective te-form particle linking verb phrases

いた

ita — Past continuous auxiliary; was doing something

ある

aru — A certain; one particular (prenominal usage)

とき

toki — Time; moment; occasion when something occurs

雑多

zatta — Miscellaneous; varied; mixed assortment of things

罪人

zainin — Criminal; sinner; person guilty of a crime

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating direct object

長い

nagai — Long; lengthy; extended in distance or time

列

retsu — Row; line; queue of people or things

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or time

並べ

narabe — Line up; arrange in a row or sequence

絞首

kōshu — Hanging; execution by strangulation with a rope

し

shi — Conjunctive form of suru; done, and also…

火曜日

kayōbi — Tuesday; the third day of the week

捕らえ

torae — Capture; arrest; seize a person or animal

られ

rare — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary marking completed action

住居

jūkyo — Residence; dwelling; place where someone lives

侵入者

shin'nyūsha — Intruder; trespasser; person who enters unlawfully

土曜日

doyōbi — Saturday; the seventh day of the week

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means

十数人

jūsūnin — A dozen or more people; ten-plus individuals

人々

hitobito — People; various individuals; persons in general

手

te — Hand; also used metaphorically for action or means

烙印

rakuin — Brand; stigma; mark burned onto skin as punishment

押し

oshi — Press; push; stamp or apply with force

また

mata — Also; again; furthermore; in addition to that

扉

tobira — Door; gate; the front page of a book

ところ

tokoro — Place; spot; location; point in time or narrative

冊子

sasshi — Booklet; pamphlet; small bound printed publication

焼い

yakai (yaki) — Burn; set fire to; incinerate an object

今日

kyō — Today; this day; the current day

凶悪

kyōaku — Heinous; atrocious; extremely brutal or vicious

殺人犯

satsujinhan — Murderer; killer; person convicted of homicide

命

inochi — Life; one's vital existence; lifespan

奪い

ubai — Take away; steal; deprive someone of something

明日

ashita — Tomorrow; the day following today

農夫

nōfu — Farmer; peasant; agricultural worker in a field

少年

shōnen — Boy; young male; youth under adulthood

から

kara — From; since; because; indicating origin or cause

盗ん

nusum(u) — Steal; pilfer; take without permission

だ

da — Informal copula; plain form of 'is' or 'was'

哀れ

aware — Pitiful; pathetic; evoking sympathy or sorrow

小泥棒

kodorōbō — Petty thief; small-time criminal who steals little

奪っ

ubatt(e) — Snatched away; robbed; deprived by force

これら

korera — These; referring to multiple previously mentioned things

こと

koto — Thing; fact; matter; nominalizer for verb phrases

すべて

subete — All; everything; the whole of something

そして

soshite — And then; furthermore; connecting sequential events

それ

sore — That; it; referring to something previously mentioned

似

ni(ta) — Resemble; similar to; looks like something else

無数

musū — Countless; innumerable; too many to count

出来事

dekigoto — Event; happening; occurrence or incident in life

が

ga — Subject-marking particle or conjunctive 'but'

懐かしき

natsukashiki — Nostalgic; fondly remembered; of the cherished past

内外

naigai — Inside and outside; domestic and foreign; around

において

ni oite — In; at; regarding (formal location or context marker)

起こっ

okott(e) — Occurred; happened; took place (past connective)

それら

sorera — Those things; referring to multiple items mentioned

取り囲まれ

torikakomare — Surrounded; encircled; enclosed on all sides

ながら

nagara — While doing; simultaneously; two actions at once

木こり

kikori — Woodcutter; lumberjack; person who chops trees

顧みられる

kaerimirareu — Be regarded; receive attention or consideration from others

なく

naku — Without; lacking; not having something present

働く

hataraku — Work; labor; be employed in some occupation

間

aida / ma — While; during; interval between two points in time

大きな

ōkina — Large; big; great in size or importance

顎

ago — Jaw; chin; lower part of the face

持つ

motsu — Have; hold; possess; carry something with you

二人

futari — Two people; a pair of individuals

醜い

minikui — Ugly; unsightly; unpleasant to look at

顔

kao — Face; facial features; appearance of a person

美しい

utsukushii — Beautiful; lovely; aesthetically pleasing in appearance

他

hoka — Other; another; the rest; different from this

十分

jūbun — Sufficient; enough; fully adequate in amount

喧騒

kensō — Uproar; commotion; noisy and chaotic disturbance

もって

motte — With; by means of; using something as a tool

歩み

ayumi — Walk; step; progress; way of moving forward

その

sono — That; the (demonstrative adjective modifying a noun)

神聖

shinsei — Sacred; holy; divine; spiritually pure or revered

権利

kenri — Right; entitlement; legal or moral claim to something

傲然

gōzen — Arrogantly; haughtily; with overbearing pride

振りかざし

furikazashi — Brandish; wield ostentatiously; flaunt with authority

かくして

kakushite — Thus; in this way; and so it came to pass

偉大

idai — Great; grand; eminent; of remarkable significance

なる

naru — Become; be called; attributive copula form

方々

katagata — Persons (honorific plural); distinguished individuals

小さき

chīsaki — Small; little; minor (archaic attributive form)

者

mono — Person; one; individual of a certain character

この

kono — This (demonstrative adjective for nearby things)

物語

monogatari — Story; tale; narrative account of events

登場人物

tōjō jinbutsu — Characters in a story; dramatis personae of narrative

も

mo — Also; too; even; inclusive addition particle

中

naka — Inside; among; within a group or space

含まれ

fukumare — Be included; be contained within a group or set

彼ら

karera — They; them; referring to a group of people

前

mae — Before; in front of; ahead in space or time

広がる

hirogaru — Spread out; extend; expand across an area

道

michi — Road; path; way; route toward a destination

へ

e — Directional particle indicating movement toward something

導い

michibi(i) — Lead; guide; show the way to someone

であっ

de att(a) — Was; it being (formal past copula connective form)