A Tale of Two Cities — Page 7

Vocabulary

お前

omae — You (informal, sometimes rough masculine pronoun).

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or indirect object.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle in Japanese sentences.

ちゃんと

chanto — Properly, correctly, in an orderly manner.

した

shita — Past tense form of 'suru' meaning did or done.

母親

hahaoya — Mother, one's own mother figure.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle in Japanese grammar.

いる

iru — To exist or be present (animate beings).

じゃ

ja — Colloquial contraction of 'de wa', informal copula connector.

ない

nai — Negation: not existing or not the case.

か

ka — Question-marking particle placed at sentence end.

そう

sou — That's right; so; in that way.

だろ

daro — Informal presumptive: probably, right? isn't it?

息子

musuko — Son, one's male child.

よ

yo — Sentence-final particle asserting or emphasizing a statement.

信心深い

shinjinbukai — Deeply religious, devoutly faithful, very pious person.

坊主

bouzu — Buddhist monk; also informal term for a boy.

ひれ伏し

hirefushi — Prostrating oneself, bowing down completely in submission.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting verbs or clauses sequentially.

ひとり

hitori — One person; alone, by oneself.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle linking nouns or clauses.

口

kuchi — Mouth; opening; way of speaking.

から

kara — From; because; since (particle indicating origin or reason).

パン

pan — Bread (loanword from Portuguese/French).

と

to — And; with; quoting particle connecting items or speech.

バター

bataa — Butter (loanword from English).

を

wo — Direct object particle marking what receives the action.

奪い取っ

ubaitot(te) — Snatching away, seizing something forcibly from someone.

ください

kudasai — Please give or please do (polite request form).

祈っ

inot(te) — Praying, offering a prayer or wish (conjunctive form).

ん

n — Explanatory or softening sentence-final particle, informal.

だ

da — Informal copula meaning 'is' or 'it is'.

な

na — Sentence-final particle expressing reflection or mild assertion.

坊ちゃん

bocchan — Young master; respectful term for a young boy.

シャツ

shatsu — Shirt (loanword from English).

姿

sugata — Figure, appearance, the way someone looks or is dressed.

まま

mama — As is; remaining in a certain unchanged state or condition.

これ

kore — This; referring to something near the speaker.

ひどく

hidoku — Terribly, extremely, very badly or severely.

不快

fukai — Unpleasant, uncomfortable, disagreeable feeling or situation.

思い

omoi — Thought, feeling, emotion, deep inner sentiment.

方

kata / hou — Person (polite); direction; way of doing something.

向い

mukai — Facing toward; opposite side; turned in a direction.

自分

jibun — Oneself; myself; yourself (reflexive pronoun).

食い扶持

kuibuchi — One's own food expenses; livelihood or daily sustenance.

祈り

inori — Prayer, a wish or appeal directed to a deity.

捨てる

suteru — To throw away, abandon, discard something or someone.

よう

you — Like; as if; in order to (expressing similarity or purpose).

こと

koto — Thing, fact, matter (nominalizing abstract concepts).

強く

tsuyoku — Strongly, powerfully, with great force or intensity.

反対

hantai — Opposition, objection; the opposite side or direction.

し

shi — Conjunctive verb form; also lists reasons (and, moreover).

それ

sore — That; referring to something near the listener.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action, means, or cause.

うぬぼれ屋

unuboreya — A conceited, vain, self-important person or show-off.

女

onna — Woman, female person.

め

me — Derogatory suffix attached to nouns to express contempt.

氏

shi — Mr./Ms.; honorific suffix for a person's name.

無意識

muishiki — Unconscious, unaware, without conscious awareness or intent.

矛盾

mujun — Contradiction, inconsistency, paradox between two things.

はらみ

harami — Containing, harboring, being pregnant with (something within).

ながら

nagara — While doing; although (simultaneous action or contrast).

言っ

it(te) — Said, spoke (conjunctive form of 'iu' to say).

値打ち

neuchi — Worth, value, merit of something or someone.

どれ

dore — Which one (of three or more choices); let me see.

ほど

hodo — To the extent of; about; the degree or level of.

もの

mono — Thing, object; sometimes softens or explains a statement.

思っ

omot(te) — Thought, felt (conjunctive form of 'omou' to think).

いくら

ikura — How much (price or quantity); no matter how much.

値

ne / atai — Price, value, worth assigned to something.

つけ

tsuke — Attach, set (a price); conjunctive form of 'tsukeru'.

みろ

miro — Look! Try it! Imperative of 'miru' (rough command).

ただ

tada — Just, merely, only; free of charge; ordinary.

心

kokoro — Heart, mind, spirit, inner feelings or consciousness.

出る

deru — To come out, leave, appear, emerge from somewhere.

です

desu — Polite copula meaning 'is', 'am', or 'are'.

以上

ijou — More than; above; that is all; no more than this.

あり

ari — Existence; there is (formal base form of 'aru').

ませ

mase — Polite imperative suffix used in formal or service speech.

繰り返し

kurikaeshi — Repetition, repeatedly doing something over and over again.

じゃあ

jaa — Well then; in that case (informal transitional expression).

たいした

taishita — Great, considerable, significant (often used sarcastically).

も

mo — Also, too, even (inclusive or emphasis particle).

という

to iu — Called, known as; that which is said to be.

いずれ

izure — Eventually, sooner or later; either one of them.

せよ

seyo — Formal imperative of 'suru'; whether it may be (set phrase).

俺

ore — I, me (rough masculine first-person pronoun).

祈ら

inora — Negative or conditional base of 'inoru', to pray.

れ

re — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix attached to verbs.

たまる

tamaru — To accumulate; 'tamaru ka' means I won't stand for it!

おく

oku — To put, place; to do in advance and leave as is.

そんな

sonna — Such, that kind of, like that (attributive demonstrative).

余裕

yoyuu — Margin, leeway, composure, extra room or spare capacity.

こそこそ

kosokoso — Sneakily, furtively, acting in a secretive stealthy manner.

真似

mane — Imitation, mimicry; doing something similar to another.

運

un — Luck, fortune, fate, chance circumstances affecting one.

悪く

waruku — Badly, poorly (adverbial form of 'warui', bad).

さ

sa — Sentence-final particle conveying casual assertion or emphasis.

どうして

doushite — Why, how come; for what reason did this happen.

ひれ伏さ

hirefusa — Prostrate oneself; base form of ひれ伏す to bow down.

なけれ

nakere — Conditional negative form; 'nakereba' means if not done.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning if or when (condition fulfilled).

なら

nara — If it is; conditional particle assuming a given premise.

亭主

teishu — Husband; master of the house; owner of a shop.

子供

kodomo — Child, children; young person of either gender.

ため

tame — For the sake of; benefit; in order to achieve something.

ひれ伏せ

hirefuse — Imperative form: prostrate yourself, bow down completely now.

なく

naku — Without; negative conjunctive form linking clauses negatively.

もし

moshi — If, suppose (introduces a hypothetical conditional situation).

不自然

fushizen — Unnatural, artificial, forced, not occurring naturally.

女房

nyoubou — Wife (informal/traditional term for one's own wife).

以外

igai — Other than, except for, besides something specified.

妻

tsuma — Wife (neutral, standard term for one's spouse).

この

kono — This (attributive demonstrative modifying a following noun).

可哀想

kawaisou — Poor thing, pitiful, deserving of sympathy or compassion.

母

haha — Mother (one's own mother, humble or neutral form).

かけ

kake — In the middle of; starting but unfinished; hanging on.

られ

rare — Passive or potential auxiliary attached to verb stems.

妨害

bougai — Interference, obstruction, hindering someone's actions or plans.

信仰

shinkou — Religious faith, belief, devotion to a religion or deity.

によって

ni yotte — By means of; due to; depending on (causal/agentive phrase).

最悪

saiaku — The worst, most terrible outcome or situation imaginable.

不運

fuun — Bad luck, misfortune, an unfortunate circumstance or fate.

追い込ま

oikoma — Being driven or cornered into a situation (passive base).

れる

reru — Passive/potential auxiliary verb suffix meaning to be done.

代わり

kawari — Substitute, replacement; in exchange for something else.

先週

senshuu — Last week, the week preceding the current one.

金

kane / kin — Money; gold; metallic currency or wealth in general.

稼げ

kasege — Earn (money); imperative or potential form of 'kasegu'.

かも

kamo — Maybe, perhaps, possibly (expressing uncertainty or probability).

しれ

shire — Part of 'kamoshirenai' meaning might be, possibly.