Beyond Good and Evil — Page 1

Vocabulary

Produit

pro-dwee — Produced; past participle of 'produire', to produce

par

par — By, through; common preposition indicating agency

et

ay — And; basic coordinating conjunction joining elements

l'

l — The; contracted definite article before vowel sound

équipe

ay-keep — Team; group of people working together

de

duh — Of, from; extremely common French preposition

correction

ko-rek-syon — Correction; act of fixing errors in text

en

ahn — In, by; preposition indicating location or manner

ligne

leen-yuh — Line; also used in 'en ligne' meaning online

distribuée

dees-tree-bwee-ay — Distributed; spread across multiple locations or people

PAR

par — By; preposition, here used in uppercase for emphasis

DELÀ

duh-lah — Beyond; used in 'au-delà' meaning beyond or further

LE

luh — The; masculine singular definite article

BIEN

byan — Good; noun or adverb referring to goodness

ET

ay — And; coordinating conjunction joining two elements

MAL

mal — Evil, bad; noun or adjective referring to harm

Par

par — By; preposition attributing authorship or agency

Traduit

tra-dwee — Translated; past participle of 'traduire'

NOTE

not — Note; short written remark or annotation

DU

doo — Of the; contracted form of 'de le'

TRANSCRIPTEUR

tran-skreep-tur — Transcriber; person who transcribes a text

À

ah — To, at; preposition indicating direction or location

PROPOS

pro-po — About, regarding; used in 'à propos de'

DE

duh — Of, from; very common French preposition

CETTE

set — This; feminine singular demonstrative adjective

ÉDITION

ay-dee-syon — Edition; particular published version of a text

EN

ahn — In; preposition indicating manner, location, or form

TEXTE

tekst — Text; written or printed content of a document

ÉLECTRONIQUE

ay-lek-tro-neek — Electronic; relating to digital or electronic format

Ce

suh — This, that; demonstrative pronoun or adjective

qui

kee — Who, which, that; relative or interrogative pronoun

suit

swee — Follows; third person singular of 'suivre'

est

ay — Is; third person singular of 'être', to be

une

oon — A, an; feminine singular indefinite article

réimpression

ray-am-press-yon — Reprint; a new printing of an existing publication

la

la — The; feminine singular definite article

traduction

tra-dook-syon — Translation; rendering a text into another language

d'

d — Of, from; elided form of 'de' before vowel

allemand

al-mahn — German; referring to the German language or people

vers

vair — Toward, into; preposition indicating direction or target

anglais

ahn-glay — English; referring to the English language or people

delà

duh-lah — Beyond; used in compound 'au-delà' meaning beyond

bien

byan — Good; refers to goodness or moral good

mal

mal — Evil, bad; refers to harm or moral evil

telle

tel — Such, as; feminine form of demonstrative adjective 'tel'

que

kuh — That, as, than; conjunction or relative pronoun

publiée

poo-blee-ay — Published; feminine past participle of 'publier'

dans

dahn — In, inside; preposition indicating location within

les

lay — The; plural definite article for both genders

Œuvres

uvr — Works; plural noun referring to an author's complete output

complètes

kom-plet — Complete; feminine plural adjective meaning whole or entire

Quelques

kel-kuh — Some, a few; indefinite adjective indicating small number

adaptations

a-dap-ta-syon — Adaptations; modifications made to fit a new format

du

doo — Of the; contracted masculine singular article + preposition

texte

tekst — Text; the written content of a document

original

o-ree-zhee-nal — Original; first or source version of a work

ont

on — Have; third person plural of 'avoir', to have

été

ay-tay — Been; past participle of 'être', used in passé composé

effectuées

ay-fek-too-ay — Carried out; feminine plural past participle of 'effectuer'

pour

poor — For, in order to; preposition indicating purpose

mettre

metr — To put, to place; common irregular French verb

forme

form — Form, format; shape or structure of something

électronique

ay-lek-tro-neek — Electronic; relating to digital or electronic media

Les

lay — The; plural definite article for all genders

italiques

ee-ta-leek — Italics; slanted typeface used for emphasis

livre

leevr — Book; a written or printed literary work

sont

son — Are; third person plural of 'être', to be

mis

mee — Put, placed; past participle of 'mettre'

majuscules

ma-zhoos-kool — Capital letters; uppercase letters in written text

ce

suh — This, that; demonstrative pronoun or adjective

exception

ek-sep-syon — Exception; something excluded from a general rule

plupart

ploo-par — Most; majority, used in 'la plupart de'

des

day — Of the, some; plural partitive or contracted article

expressions

ek-spres-yon — Expressions; phrases or idioms in a language

langue

lahng — Language, tongue; system of communication of a group

étrangère

ay-tran-zhair — Foreign; belonging to another country or language

étaient

ay-ten — Were; imperfect tense of 'être', third person plural

italique

ee-ta-leek — Italic; slanted style of typeface for emphasis

notes

not — Notes; brief written remarks or annotations

bas

bah — Bottom, low; used in 'bas de page' meaning footnote

page

pazh — Page; one side of a leaf in a book

originales

o-ree-zhee-nal — Original; feminine plural adjective meaning first or source

placées

pla-say — Placed; feminine plural past participle of 'placer'

entre

ahn-tr — Between, among; preposition indicating position between things

crochets

kro-shay — Brackets; square punctuation marks used in text

aux

oh — At the, to the; contracted plural article + preposition

endroits

ahn-drwa — Places, spots; locations within a text or space

où

oo — Where; relative adverb indicating location or context

elles

el — They; third person feminine plural subject pronoun

citées

see-tay — Cited, quoted; feminine plural past participle of 'citer'

Certaines

ser-ten — Certain, some; feminine plural indefinite adjective

orthographes

or-to-graf — Spellings; ways words are spelled in a language

modifiées

mo-dee-fee-ay — Modified; feminine plural past participle of 'modifier'

s'

s — Reflexive pronoun; elided form before vowel sound

écrivent

ay-kreev — Write, are written; third person plural of 'écrire'

Certains

ser-tan — Certain, some; masculine plural indefinite adjective

mots

mo — Words; plural of 'mot', basic unit of language

contenant

kon-tuh-nahn — Containing; present participle of 'contenir'

lettres

letr — Letters; characters of the alphabet in a word

tels

tel — Such; masculine plural demonstrative adjective

vu

voo — Seen; past participle of 'voir', to see

ces

say — These, those; plural demonstrative adjective

remplacées

rahn-pla-say — Replaced; feminine plural past participle of 'remplacer'

comme

kom — Like, as; conjunction or preposition of comparison

a

a — Has; third person singular of 'avoir', to have

remplacé

rahn-pla-say — Replaced; past participle of 'remplacer'

TABLE

tabl — Table; used in 'table des matières' meaning table of contents

DES

day — Of the; plural contracted article and preposition

MATIÈRES

ma-tyair — Subjects, matters; used in 'table des matières'

PRÉFACE

pray-fas — Preface; introductory section at start of a book

CHAPITRE

sha-peetr — Chapter; numbered section of a book or text

LES

lay — The; plural definite article for both genders

PRÉJUGÉS

pray-zhoo-zhay — Prejudices; preconceived opinions or biases

PHILOSOPHES

fee-lo-zof — Philosophers; people who study fundamental questions

L'

l — The; contracted definite article before vowel

ESPRIT

es-pree — Spirit, mind; intellect or free-thinking disposition

LIBRE

leebr — Free; adjective meaning unrestricted or independent

HUMEUR

oo-mur — Mood, humor; disposition or temperament of a person

RELIGIEUSE

ruh-lee-zhyuz — Religious; feminine adjective relating to religion

APOPHTEGMES

a-pof-tegm — Apophthegms; short witty instructive sayings or maxims

INTERLUDES

an-ter-lood — Interludes; short intervals or intermissions between sections

HISTOIRE

ees-twar — History; account of past events or natural development

NATURELLE

na-too-rel — Natural; feminine adjective relating to nature

LA

la — The; feminine singular definite article

MORALE

mo-ral — Morality; principles of right and wrong conduct

NOUS

noo — We, us; first person plural subject pronoun

SAVANTS

sa-vahn — Scholars, scientists; learned or knowledgeable people

NOS

no — Our; first person plural possessive adjective

VERTUS

vair-too — Virtues; moral qualities or good characteristics

PEUPLES

pupl — Peoples; groups of people sharing culture or nationality

PAYS

pay-ee — Countries; nations or lands with distinct identities

QU'

k — That, what; elided form of 'que' before vowel

EST

ay — Is; third person singular of 'être', to be

CE

suh — This, that; demonstrative pronoun or adjective

QUI

kee — Who, which; relative or interrogative pronoun

NOBLE

nobl — Noble; of high moral character or distinguished rank

HAUTEURS

oh-tur — Heights; elevated places or lofty attitudes

POÈME

po-em — Poem; literary composition with rhythmic or structured verse

TRADUIT

tra-dwee — Translated; past participle indicating text was translated

SUPPOSANT

soo-po-zahn — Supposing, assuming; present participle of 'supposer'

Vérité

vay-ree-tay — Truth; the quality of being true or accurate

soit

swa — Be; subjunctive form of 'être', expressing supposition

femme

fam — Woman, wife; adult female person

qu'

k — That, what; elided form of 'que' before vowel

il

eel — He, it; third person masculine singular subject pronoun

alors

a-lor — Then, so; adverb indicating consequence or time