Beyond Good and Evil — Page 2

Vocabulary

Car

kar — Conjunction meaning 'because' or 'for'

il

il — Third person singular masculine pronoun meaning 'he/it'

y

ee — Adverbial pronoun meaning 'there' or 'it'

a

ah — Third person singular of 'avoir', meaning 'has'

un

uhn — Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one'

risque

reesk — A danger or possibility of harm or loss

à

ah — Preposition meaning 'to', 'at', or 'in'

le

luh — Definite article meaning 'the' (masculine singular)

soulever

sool-vay — To raise, lift, or bring up a question

peut-être

puh-teh-truh — Adverb meaning 'perhaps' or 'maybe'

n'y

nee — Negation combined with adverbial pronoun 'y'

a-t-il

ah-teel — Inverted form of 'il a', meaning 'does he have'

pas

pah — Negation particle meaning 'not'

de

duh — Preposition meaning 'of', 'from', or 'some'

plus

plew — Adverb meaning 'more' or 'no longer'

grand

grahn — Adjective meaning 'great', 'big', or 'tall'

COMMENT

koh-mahn — Adverb meaning 'how'

quelque

kel-kuh — Adjective meaning 'some' or 'a few'

chose

shohz — A thing or object in general

pourrait-il

poo-reh-teel — Inverted conditional form meaning 'could it'

naître

neh-truh — To be born or to come into existence

son

sohn — Possessive adjective meaning 'his', 'her', or 'its'

contraire

kohn-trehr — Opposite or contrary in nature or meaning

Par

par — Preposition meaning 'by', 'through', or 'per'

exemple

eg-zahm-pluh — A case or instance illustrating a general rule

la

lah — Definite article meaning 'the' (feminine singular)

vérité

vay-ree-tay — Truth; conformity with fact or reality

l'erreur

leh-ruhr — An error, mistake, or false belief

ou

oo — Conjunction meaning 'or', indicating a choice

Volonté

voh-lohn-tay — Will or strong desire to do something

Vérité

vay-ree-tay — Truth; capitalized here as a philosophical concept

volonté

voh-lohn-tay — Will or determination toward an end or goal

tromperie

trohmp-ree — Deception or the act of misleading someone

l'acte

lakt — An act or action performed by someone

généreux

zhay-nay-ruh — Generous; willing to give or share freely

l'égoïsme

lay-goh-ees-muh — Selfishness or excessive concern for oneself

pure

pewhr — Pure; unmixed, unadulterated, or morally clean

vision

vee-zyohn — The ability to see or a mental image

lumineuse

lew-mee-nuhz — Luminous; emitting or full of bright light

comme

kohm — Conjunction meaning 'as', 'like', or 'such as'

soleil

soh-lay — The sun or sunlight

du

dew — Contraction of 'de le' meaning 'of the'

sage

sahzh — Wise person; someone with deep knowledge

convoitise

kohn-vwah-teez — Covetousness; intense desire for another's possessions

Une

ewn — Feminine indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one'

telle

tel — Adjective meaning 'such' or 'such a'

genèse

zhuh-nez — Genesis; origin or creation of something

est

eh — Third person singular of 'être', meaning 'is'

impossible

im-poh-see-bluh — Not able to occur or be done

quiconque

kee-kohnk — Whoever; anyone who does something

en

ahn — Pronoun or preposition meaning 'in', 'of it'

rêve

rehv — A dream or to dream about something

fou

foo — Mad, crazy, or a foolish person

voire

vwahr — Indeed, or even, used for emphasis

pire

peer — Worse or worst; comparative of 'mauvais'

qu'un

kuhn — Contraction of 'que un' meaning 'than a'

les

lay — Definite article meaning 'the' (plural form)

choses

shohz — Things; plural of 'chose', general objects or matters

haute

oht — High; elevated in position, rank, or quality

valeur

vah-luhr — Value or worth of something or someone

doivent

dwahv — Third person plural of 'devoir', meaning 'must'

avoir

ah-vwahr — To have; essential auxiliary verb in French

une

ewn — Feminine indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one'

origine

oh-ree-zheen — Origin; the point where something begins

différente

dee-fay-rahnt — Different; not the same as another thing

qui

kee — Relative or interrogative pronoun meaning 'who'

LEUR

luhr — Possessive adjective meaning 'their' (plural possessor)

soit

swah — Subjunctive of 'être', meaning 'may be'

propre

prohrp — Own; belonging exclusively to a particular entity

dans

dahn — Preposition meaning 'in' or 'inside'

ce

suh — Demonstrative adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'

monde

mohnd — World; the earth or all people collectively

transitoire

trahn-zee-twahr — Transitory; lasting only a short time

séduisant

say-dwee-zahn — Seductive or attractive; charming and alluring

illusoire

ee-lew-zwahr — Illusory; based on illusion or false perception

et

ay — Conjunction meaning 'and', joining elements together

insignifiant

in-see-nyee-fyahn — Insignificant; lacking meaning, importance, or value

tumulte

tew-mewlt — Tumult; a loud, confused noise or uproar

d'illusion

dee-lew-zyohn — Of illusion; relating to false perceptions or dreams

cupidité

kew-pee-dee-tay — Greed; excessive desire for wealth or gain

elles

el — Third person plural feminine pronoun meaning 'they'

ne

nuh — Negation particle used with 'pas' or alone

peuvent

puhv — Third person plural of 'pouvoir', meaning 'can'

trouver

troo-vay — To find or to discover something or someone

leur

luhr — Their; possessive adjective for plural owners

source

soors — A source or origin from which something comes

Mais

meh — Conjunction meaning 'but', indicating contrast

plutôt

plew-toh — Rather; preferably or on the contrary

sein

san — Bosom or womb; used as 'au sein de' (within)

l'Être

leh-truh — Being; philosophical concept of existence itself

l'immuable

lee-mew-ah-bluh — The immutable; that which cannot change

Dieu

dyuh — God; the supreme divine being

caché

kah-shay — Hidden or concealed from view or knowledge

Chose-en-soi

shohz-ahn-swah — Thing-in-itself; Kantian philosophical concept of reality

LÀ

lah — There; indicating a specific place or location

doit

dwah — Third person singular of 'devoir', meaning 'must'

être

eh-truh — To be; fundamental linking or auxiliary verb

nulle

newl — None or null; no place or zero value

part

par — Part or place; used in 'nulle part' (nowhere)

ailleurs

ah-yuhr — Elsewhere; in or to another place

Ce

suh — Demonstrative pronoun or adjective meaning 'this'

mode

mohd — Mode or manner; a way of doing something

raisonnement

reh-zohn-mahn — Reasoning; logical thought process or argument

révèle

ray-vel — Reveals; makes something known or visible

préjugé

pray-zhew-zhay — Prejudice; preconceived opinion not based on reason

typique

tee-peek — Typical; characteristic of a type or group

par

par — Preposition meaning 'by' or 'through'

lequel

luh-kel — Relative pronoun meaning 'which' (masculine singular)

métaphysiciens

may-tah-fee-zee-syan — Metaphysicians; philosophers who study fundamental reality

tous

too — All; every member of a group or set

temps

tahn — Time; also means 'weather' in French

reconnus

ruh-koh-new — Recognized; past participle of 'reconnaître'

d'évaluation

day-val-wah-syohn — Of evaluation; relating to assessment or judgment

au

oh — Contraction of 'à le' meaning 'at the'

fondement

fohnd-mahn — Foundation or basis underlying something important

toute

toot — All or every; feminine form of 'tout'

démarche

day-marsh — Approach, step, or manner of proceeding

logique

loh-zheek — Logical; relating to reason and valid argument

travers

trah-vehr — Through; used in 'à travers' meaning 'across'

cette

set — Demonstrative adjective meaning 'this' (feminine singular)

croyance

krwah-yahns — Belief; conviction that something is true

ils

eel — Third person plural masculine pronoun meaning 'they'

s'efforcent

seh-fors — They strive or make efforts toward a goal

pour

poor — Preposition meaning 'for', 'in order to'

connaissance

koh-neh-sahns — Knowledge; awareness or familiarity with facts

finalement

fee-nal-mahn — Finally; at the end or in conclusion

solennellement

soh-len-el-mahn — Solemnly; in a serious and formal manner

baptisé

bap-tee-zay — Baptized or named; given an official designation

La

lah — Definite article meaning 'the' (feminine singular)

fondamentale

fohn-dah-mahn-tal — Fundamental; forming a necessary base or core

des

day — Plural indefinite article or contraction 'de les'

CROYANCE

krwah-yahns — Belief; conviction held as true (capitalized emphasis)

EN

ahn — Preposition meaning 'in' (capitalized for emphasis)

ANTITHÈSES

ahn-tee-tez — Antitheses; direct opposites used for contrast

VALEURS

vah-luhr — Values; moral or philosophical principles (capitalized)

Il

eel — Third person singular masculine pronoun meaning 'it/he'

vint

van — Past tense of 'venir', meaning 'came'

jamais

zhah-meh — Never; at no time, used in negation

l'esprit

les-pree — The mind or spirit; intellectual capacity

même

mem — Even or same; used for emphasis or comparison

prudent

prew-dahn — Prudent; acting with careful thought and caution

d'entre

dahn-truh — Of among; used in 'parmi' style constructions

eux

uh — Third person plural pronoun meaning 'them' (masculine)

douter

doo-tay — To doubt; to question the truth of something

ici

ee-see — Here; at this specific place or moment

sur

sewr — Preposition meaning 'on', 'upon', or 'about'

seuil

suh-yuh — Threshold; a doorstep or critical starting point

là

lah — There; indicating a place or pointing something out

doute

doot — Doubt; uncertainty about the truth of something

pourtant

poor-tahn — However or yet; introducing a contrasting statement

était

ay-teh — Imperfect of 'être'; meaning 'was' or 'were'

nécessaire

nay-seh-sehr — Necessary; required or essential for a purpose

bien

byan — Well or good; also used as 'although'

qu'ils

keel — Conjunction 'that they'; contraction of 'que ils'

eussent

ews — Past subjunctive of 'avoir', meaning 'had'

prononcé

proh-nohn-say — Pronounced or uttered; spoken aloud formally

vœu

vuh — A vow or wish; solemn promise or desire

solennel

soh-leh-nel — Solemn; serious and formal in nature