Beyond Good and Evil — Page 4
Had the wicked Socrates really corrupted him?
邪悪なソクラテスは本当に彼を堕落させたのか？
Was Socrates after all a corrupter of youths, and deserved his hemlock?
ソクラテスはやはり青年を堕落させる者であり、毒人参を飲むに値したのか？
But the struggle against Plato, or--to speak plainer, and for the "people"--the struggle against the ecclesiastical oppression of millenniums of Christianity (FOR CHRISTIANITY IS PLATONISM FOR THE "PEOPLE"), produced in Europe a magnificent tension of soul, such as had not existed anywhere previously;
しかしプラトンに対する闘争、あるいは——もっと平易に、「民衆」のために語れば——何千年ものキリスト教の教会的抑圧に対する闘争（なぜならキリスト教は「民衆」のためのプラトン主義だからである）は、ヨーロッパにおいて、かつてどこにも存在しなかったような壮大な魂の緊張を生み出した。
with such a tensely strained bow one can now aim at the furthest goals.
これほどまでに張り詰めた弓があれば、今や最も遠い目標を狙うことができる。
As a matter of fact, the European feels this tension as a state of distress, and twice attempts have been made in grand style to unbend the bow:
実際のところ、ヨーロッパ人はこの緊張を苦境の状態として感じており、弓を緩めようとする試みが大規模に二度なされた。
once by means of Jesuitism, and the second time by means of democratic enlightenment--which, with the aid of liberty of the press and newspaper-reading, might, in fact, bring it about that the spirit would not so easily find itself in "distress"!
一度目はイエズス会主義によって、二度目は民主主義的啓蒙によって——これは、出版の自由と新聞の購読の助けを借りて、実際のところ、精神がそれほど容易に「苦境」に陥らないようにしてしまうかもしれない！
(The Germans invented gunpowder--all credit to them! but they again made things square--they invented printing.)
（ドイツ人は火薬を発明した——その功績を讃えよ！しかし彼らはまたそれを帳消しにした——印刷術を発明したのだ。）
But we, who are neither Jesuits, nor democrats, nor even sufficiently Germans, we GOOD EUROPEANS, and free, VERY free spirits--we have it still, all the distress of spirit and all the tension of its bow!
しかし我々は、イエズス会士でも、民主主義者でも、十分なドイツ人でさえもなく、我々「善きヨーロッパ人」、自由な、非常に自由な精神の持ち主——我々はなおも持っている、精神のあらゆる苦境と、その弓のあらゆる緊張を！
And perhaps also the arrow, the duty, and, who knows? THE GOAL TO AIM AT....
そしておそらくは矢も、義務も、そして——誰が知ろうか？——狙うべき目標も……
Sils Maria Upper Engadine, JUNE, 1885.
ジルス・マリア、エンガディン上流、一八八五年六月。
Vocabulary
- 邪悪
- jaaku — Evil, wicked, malicious in nature.
- な
- na — Adjectival or negative imperative particle.
- は
- wa — Topic-marking grammatical particle.
- 本当
- hontou — Truth, reality; truly, really.
- に
- ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or purpose.
- 彼
- kare — He, him; third-person masculine pronoun.
- を
- wo — Object-marking grammatical particle.
- 堕落
- daraku — Corruption, moral decay, depravity.
- さ
- sa — Causative or nominalizing suffix particle.
- せ
- se — Causative verb conjugation suffix.
- た
- ta — Past tense grammatical suffix.
- の
- no — Possessive or nominalizing particle.
- か
- ka — Question-marking sentence-final particle.
- やはり
- yahari — As expected, after all, still.
- 青年
- seinen — Young person, youth, young adult.
- せる
- seru — Causative verb suffix meaning to make or let.
- 者
- mono / sha — Person, one who does something.
- で
- de — Particle indicating location, means, or cause.
- あり
- ari — Conjunctive form of 'to be, to exist'.
- 飲む
- nomu — To drink, to swallow a liquid.
- 値し
- atai shi — Being worth, deserving of something.
- しかし
- shikashi — However, but; contrasting conjunction.
- 対する
- taisuru — To face, oppose, be directed toward.
- 闘争
- tousou — Struggle, conflict, fight, strife.
- あるいは
- aruiwa — Or, alternatively, perhaps.
- もっと
- motto — More, to a greater degree.
- 平易
- heii — Simple, plain, easy to understand.
- 民衆
- minshu — The people, the masses, common folk.
- ため
- tame — For the sake of, in order to.
- 語れ
- katare — Imperative form of 'to speak, narrate'.
- ば
- ba — Conditional particle meaning if or when.
- 何千年
- nanzennen — Thousands of years, many millennia.
- も
- mo — Also, too, even; emphatic particle.
- キリスト教
- Kirisutokyou — Christianity, the Christian religion.
- 教会
- kyoukai — Church, Christian religious institution.
- 的
- teki — Suffix meaning -like, -related, -ical.
- 抑圧
- yokuatsu — Oppression, suppression, repression.
- なぜ
- naze — Why, for what reason.
- なら
- nara — If, in that case; conditional form.
- 主義
- shugi — Principle, doctrine, -ism ideology.
- だ
- da — Copula meaning 'is, am, are'.
- から
- kara — Because, from; causal or source particle.
- ある
- aru — To exist, to be; inanimate existence verb.
- ヨーロッパ
- Yooroppa — Europe, the European continent.
- おい
- oi / oite — Hey; or conjunctive form of 'at, in'.
- て
- te — Connective particle linking clauses or actions.
- かつて
- katsute — Once, formerly, in the past.
- どこ
- doko — Where, what place, anywhere.
- 存在
- sonzai — Existence, being, presence.
- し
- shi — Conjunctive verb form; also, and.
- なかっ
- nakatta (stem) — Past negative stem of 'to not exist'.
- よう
- you — Seems like, manner of; auxiliary expression.
- 壮大
- soudai — Grand, magnificent, majestic, sublime.
- 魂
- tamashii — Soul, spirit, inner essence of a being.
- 緊張
- kinchou — Tension, nervousness, strain.
- 生み出し
- umidashi — Producing, giving birth to, creating.
- これ
- kore — This, this thing; proximal demonstrative.
- ほど
- hodo — To the extent of, as much as.
- まで
- made — Until, up to, as far as.
- 張り詰め
- haritsume — Tightly stretched, strung to the limit.
- 弓
- yumi — Bow, archery bow weapon.
- が
- ga — Subject-marking grammatical particle.
- あれ
- are — That over there; or imperative 'be!'.
- 今
- ima — Now, at this moment, currently.
- や
- ya — And (listing); or emphatic sentence particle.
- 最も
- mottomo — Most, extremely, the greatest degree.
- 遠い
- tooi — Far, distant, remote.
- 目標
- mokuhyou — Goal, target, objective.
- 狙う
- nerau — To aim at, to target, to seek.
- こと
- koto — Thing, fact, matter (nominalizer).
- できる
- dekiru — To be able to, can, is possible.
- 実際
- jissai — Actually, in reality, in practice.
- ところ
- tokoro — Place, point, situation, circumstance.
- 人
- hito / nin / jin — Person, human being, people.
- この
- kono — This (modifying a noun); proximal demonstrative.
- 苦境
- kukyou — Hardship, predicament, difficult situation.
- 状態
- joutai — State, condition, situation.
- と
- to — And, with; quotation or comparison particle.
- 感じ
- kanji — Feeling, sense, impression.
- おり
- ori — Conjunctive humble form of 'to be'.
- 緩め
- yurume — To loosen, relax, slacken tension.
- する
- suru — To do, to perform an action.
- 試み
- kokoromi — Attempt, try, experiment.
- 大規模
- daikibo — Large-scale, large in scope.
- 二度
- nido — Twice, two times.
- なさ
- nasa — Lack of, absence of (noun form).
- れ
- re — Passive or potential verb suffix.
- 一度目
- ichidome — The first time, first occurrence.
- 会
- kai — Association, society, meeting, group.
- よっ
- yotte (stem) — By means of, due to, through (conjunctive).
- 二度目
- nidome — The second time, second occurrence.
- 民主
- minshu — Democracy, democratic, the people's rule.
- 啓蒙
- keimou — Enlightenment, education, illumination of minds.
- 出版
- shuppan — Publishing, publication of books or media.
- 自由
- jiyuu — Freedom, liberty, free will.
- 新聞
- shinbun — Newspaper, printed news publication.
- 購読
- koudoku — Subscription, subscribing to a publication.
- 助け
- tasuke — Help, aid, assistance, rescue.
- 借り
- kari — Borrowing, debt, loan.
- 精神
- seishin — Spirit, mind, mentality, psyche.
- それ
- sore — That thing; medial demonstrative pronoun.
- 容易
- youi — Easy, simple, not difficult.
- 陥ら
- ochira (stem) — To fall into, to be trapped in.
- ない
- nai — Not, does not exist; negative auxiliary.
- しまう
- shimau — To end up doing, to finish completely.
- しれ
- shire — Might be, uncertain possibility form.
- ドイツ
- Doitsu — Germany, the German nation.
- 火薬
- kayaku — Gunpowder, explosive powder.
- 発明
- hatsumei — Invention, discovery of a new thing.
- その
- sono — That (modifying a noun); medial demonstrative.
- 功績
- kouseki — Achievement, merit, distinguished service.
- 讃え
- tatae — Praise, glorify, extol someone's merit.
- よ
- yo — Sentence-final particle for assertion or emphasis.
- 彼ら
- karera — They, them; third-person plural pronoun.
- また
- mata — Also, again, furthermore, moreover.
- 帳消し
- chouzeshi — Cancellation, writing off, nullifying a debt.
- 我々
- wareware — We, us; first-person plural pronoun.
- 十分
- juubun — Sufficient, enough, fully adequate.
- さえ
- sae — Even, as long as; emphatic particle.
- なく
- naku — Without, not having; negative conjunctive.
- 善き
- yoki — Good, virtuous (literary adjectival form).
- 非常
- hijou — Extraordinary, very, extremely, emergency.
- 持ち主
- mochinushi — Owner, possessor, holder of something.
- なお
- nao — Still, furthermore, even more so.
- 持っ
- motte (stem) — Holding, possessing (conjunctive stem form).
- いる
- iru — To be, to exist (animate beings).
- あらゆる
- arayuru — All, every, every possible kind.
- そして
- soshite — And then, and so, furthermore.
- おそらく
- osoraku — Probably, perhaps, most likely.
- 矢
- ya — Arrow, projectile shot from a bow.
- 義務
- gimu — Duty, obligation, responsibility.
- 誰
- dare — Who, which person.
- 知ろう
- shirou — Volitional form: let's know, shall know.
- べき
- beki — Should, ought to; expressing obligation.
- 上流
- jyouryuu — Upper reaches, upstream; upper class.
- 年
- nen — Year; counter for years.
- 六月
- rokugatsu — June, the sixth month of the year.
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