Beyond Good and Evil — Page 4
Having kept a sharp eye on philosophers, and having read between their lines long enough, I now say to myself that the greater part of conscious thinking must be counted among the instinctive functions, and it is so even in the case of philosophical thinking; one has here to learn anew, as one learned anew about heredity and "innateness."
Tendo observado os filósofos com atenção, e tendo lido nas entrelinhas por tempo suficiente, digo agora a mim mesmo que a maior parte do pensamento consciente deve ser contada entre as funções instintivas, e assim é mesmo no caso do pensamento filosófico; é preciso aprender aqui de novo, como se aprendeu de novo sobre a hereditariedade e a "innatidade".
As little as the act of birth comes into consideration in the whole process and procedure of heredity, just as little is "being-conscious" OPPOSED to the instinctive in any decisive sense; the greater part of the conscious thinking of a philosopher is secretly influenced by his instincts, and forced into definite channels.
Assim como o ato do nascimento mal entra em consideração em todo o processo e procedimento da hereditariedade, igualmente pouco o "ser-consciente" se OPÕE ao instintivo em qualquer sentido decisivo; a maior parte do pensamento consciente de um filósofo é secretamente influenciada pelos seus instintos, e forçada em canais definidos.
And behind all logic and its seeming sovereignty of movement, there are valuations, or to speak more plainly, physiological demands, for the maintenance of a definite mode of life For example, that the certain is worth more than the uncertain, that illusion is less valuable than "truth" such valuations, in spite of their regulative importance for US, might notwithstanding be only superficial valuations, special kinds of _niaiserie_, such as may be necessary for the maintenance of beings such as ourselves.
E por trás de toda a lógica e da sua aparente soberania de movimento, há valorações, ou para falar mais claramente, exigências fisiológicas, para a manutenção de um modo de vida definido. Por exemplo, que o certo vale mais do que o incerto, que a ilusão é menos valiosa do que a "verdade": tais valorações, apesar da sua importância reguladora para NÓS, poderiam não obstante ser apenas valorações superficiais, tipos especiais de _niaiserie_, tais como podem ser necessárias para a manutenção de seres como nós mesmos.
Supposing, in effect, that man is not just the "measure of things."
Supondo, com efeito, que o homem não é apenas a "medida das coisas".
4. The falseness of an opinion is not for us any objection to it: it is here, perhaps, that our new language sounds most strangely.
4. A falsidade de uma opinião não constitui para nós nenhuma objeção contra ela: é aqui, talvez, que a nossa nova linguagem soa de modo mais estranho.
Vocabulary
- Tendo
- Having; auxiliary verb indicating completed action
- observado
- Observed; watched carefully over time
- os
- The; masculine plural definite article
- filósofos
- Philosophers; those who study fundamental questions
- com
- With; preposition indicating accompaniment or manner
- atenção
- Attention; careful focus directed toward something
- e
- And; conjunction connecting words or clauses
- tendo
- Having; gerund of ter used as auxiliary
- lido
- Read; past participle of ler
- nas
- In the; contraction of em + as
- entrelinhas
- Between the lines; hidden or implied meaning
- por
- For; by; preposition indicating duration or agent
- tempo
- Time; duration or period of something
- suficiente
- Sufficient; enough to meet a requirement
- digo
- I say; first person singular present of dizer
- agora
- Now; at the present moment
- a
- To; the; preposition or feminine definite article
- mim
- Me; first person singular object pronoun
- mesmo
- Myself; same; used for emphasis or identity
- que
- That; which; conjunction or relative pronoun
- maior
- Greater; larger; comparative of grande
- parte
- Part; portion or share of a whole
- do
- Of the; contraction of de + o
- pensamento
- Thought; mental activity or idea formed
- consciente
- Conscious; aware of one's surroundings and thoughts
- deve
- Must; should; third person singular of dever
- ser
- To be; fundamental verb of existence or identity
- contada
- Counted; reckoned; past participle of contar
- entre
- Among; between; preposition indicating position
- as
- The; feminine plural definite article
- funções
- Functions; roles or purposes something performs
- instintivas
- Instinctive; arising from natural instinct automatically
- assim
- Thus; so; in this way or manner
- é
- Is; third person singular present of ser
- no
- In the; contraction of em + o
- caso
- Case; situation or instance being considered
- filosófico
- Philosophical; relating to philosophy or deep reasoning
- preciso
- I need; necessary; must do something required
- aprender
- To learn; to acquire knowledge or skill
- aqui
- Here; in or at this place
- de
- Of; from; preposition indicating origin or possession
- novo
- New; again; something recent or repeated
- como
- How; as; like; conjunction or adverb
- se
- Oneself; if; reflexive pronoun or conjunction
- aprendeu
- Learned; third person singular past of aprender
- sobre
- About; over; concerning a subject or topic
- hereditariedade
- Heredity; transmission of traits from parents genetically
- innatidade
- Innateness; quality of being inborn or innate
- Assim
- Thus; so; therefore; connecting consequence to cause
- o
- The; masculine singular definite article
- ato
- Act; action; a deed or formal action
- nascimento
- Birth; the moment or act of being born
- mal
- Barely; hardly; scarcely enters into consideration
- entra
- Enters; comes into; third person singular present
- em
- In; at; into; preposition of location
- consideração
- Consideration; careful thought given to something
- todo
- All; entire; whole; every part included
- processo
- Process; series of steps leading to outcome
- procedimento
- Procedure; method or course of action taken
- da
- Of the; contraction of de + a
- igualmente
- Equally; likewise; in the same manner
- pouco
- Little; few; small amount of something
- ser-consciente
- Being-conscious; the state of conscious self-awareness
- OPÕE
- Opposes; sets itself against something forcefully
- ao
- To the; contraction of a + o
- instintivo
- Instinctive; driven by natural instinct not reason
- qualquer
- Any; whichever; used for nonspecific reference
- sentido
- Sense; meaning; direction or felt perception
- decisivo
- Decisive; conclusive; producing a definitive result
- um
- A; one; indefinite article or numeral
- filósofo
- Philosopher; one who studies fundamental questions of existence
- secretamente
- Secretly; in a hidden or concealed manner
- influenciada
- Influenced; affected or shaped by external forces
- pelos
- By the; contraction of por + os
- seus
- His; her; their; possessive pronoun third person
- instintos
- Instincts; innate natural impulses driving behavior
- forçada
- Forced; compelled; directed through pressure or necessity
- canais
- Channels; paths or conduits through which things flow
- definidos
- Defined; fixed; clearly established or determined
- E
- And; conjunction linking clauses or ideas
- trás
- Behind; back; indicates position at the rear
- toda
- All; entire; whole; feminine form of todo
- lógica
- Logic; systematic reasoning used to reach conclusions
- sua
- Her; his; its; feminine possessive pronoun
- aparente
- Apparent; seeming; visible but possibly not real
- soberania
- Sovereignty; supreme power or authority over something
- movimento
- Movement; motion or shift in position or thought
- há
- There is; there are; expresses existence
- valorações
- Valuations; assessments of worth or importance
- ou
- Or; conjunction presenting an alternative option
- para
- For; to; toward; preposition of purpose or direction
- falar
- To speak; to talk; verbal communication
- mais
- More; additionally; comparative degree of quantity
- claramente
- Clearly; in a clear and understandable manner
- exigências
- Requirements; demands; things urgently needed or required
- fisiológicas
- Physiological; relating to body functions and biology
- manutenção
- Maintenance; act of keeping something in working condition
- modo
- Mode; manner; way in which something occurs
- vida
- Life; the state of being alive
- definido
- Defined; specific; clearly identified or characterized
- Por
- For; by; through; preposition of various uses
- exemplo
- Example; instance used to illustrate a point
- certo
- Certain; sure; definitely known or established
- vale
- Is worth; counts; third person singular of valer
- incerto
- Uncertain; doubtful; not clearly known or fixed
- ilusão
- Illusion; false perception or misleading appearance
- menos
- Less; fewer; comparative of small quantity
- valiosa
- Valuable; worth a lot; precious or important
- verdade
- Truth; that which is true or factual
- tais
- Such; those; referring to previously mentioned things
- apesar
- Despite; in spite of; regardless of something
- importância
- Importance; significance or value of something
- reguladora
- Regulatory; serving to control or regulate behavior
- NÓS
- We; us; first person plural subject pronoun
- poderiam
- Could; would be able to; conditional of poder
- não
- No; not; negation particle
- obstante
- Notwithstanding; used in nevertheless or nonetheless phrases
- apenas
- Only; just; merely; limiting something to one thing
- superficiais
- Superficial; shallow; concerning only the surface level
- tipos
- Types; kinds; categories of people or things
- especiais
- Special; particular; distinct from the ordinary
- podem
- Can; are able to; third person plural of poder
- necessárias
- Necessary; essential; required for a purpose
- seres
- Beings; living entities or creatures that exist
- nós
- We; us; first person plural pronoun
- mesmos
- Ourselves; same; plural emphatic reflexive pronoun
- Supondo
- Supposing; assuming; gerund used to introduce hypothesis
- efeito
- Effect; result; consequence of a cause
- homem
- Man; human being; person in general
- medida
- Measure; standard; extent or degree of something
- coisas
- Things; objects or matters of any kind
- A
- The; feminine singular definite article
- falsidade
- Falsity; falsehood; quality of being untrue
- uma
- A; one; feminine indefinite article or numeral
- opinião
- Opinion; personal view or judgment about something
- constitui
- Constitutes; forms; makes up; third person singular
- nenhuma
- No; none; not any; negative feminine adjective
- objeção
- Objection; reason given against something proposed
- contra
- Against; in opposition to something
- ela
- She; it; third person feminine singular pronoun
- talvez
- Perhaps; maybe; expressing uncertainty or possibility
- nossa
- Our; belonging to us; first person plural possessive
- nova
- New; recent; not previously existing or known
- linguagem
- Language; system of communication using words
- soa
- Sounds; seems to the ear; third person singular
- estranho
- Strange; odd; unfamiliar or unusual in nature
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