Bleak House — Page 4

Vocabulary

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the subject.

すべて

subete — All, everything, entirely.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle between nouns.

権威者

kenisha — An authority figure or expert in a field.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or living beings.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or agent.

よって

yotte — By means of; by (indicating agent or cause).

その

sono — That; referring to a previously mentioned thing.

問題

mondai — Problem, issue, or question under discussion.

が

ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese sentences.

放棄

hōki — Abandonment, giving up, or renunciation.

さ

sa — Verb nominalizer or passive auxiliary suffix.

れ

re — Passive or potential verb conjugation suffix.

た

ta — Past tense verb ending in Japanese grammar.

と

to — Quotation particle or conjunctive meaning 'and/that'.

思い込ん

omoikon — Convinced oneself; firmly believed something mistakenly.

で

de — Particle indicating location, means, or cause.

い

i — Auxiliary verb indicating ongoing state or action.

それ

sore — That; refers to something previously mentioned.

すぐ

sugu — Immediately, right away, soon.

誤り

ayamari — Mistake, error, or fault.

ある

aru — To exist; there is (for inanimate objects).

わかっ

wakatt — Understood; realized (past stem of wakaru).

出来事

dekigoto — Event, happening, or occurrence.

記録

kiroku — Record, documentation, or log of events.

当時

tōji — At that time; in those days.

自然

shizen — Nature; natural; occurring without artificial cause.

発火

hakka — Ignition, spontaneous combustion, catching fire.

など

nado — Et cetera; such things as; and so on.

あり

ari — Exists; there is (stem form of aru).

得

e/u — Can; able to (potential auxiliary attached to verbs).

ない

nai — Negation suffix; does not exist or occur.

主張

shuchō — Claim, assertion, or argument put forward.

する

suru — To do; general-purpose action verb.

巧み

takumi — Skillful, clever, or ingenious craftsmanship.

な

na — Adjectival linking particle for na-adjectives.

書簡

shokan — Letter, epistle, or written correspondence.

を

wo/o — Object marker particle indicating direct object.

いくつ

ikutsu — Several, how many; an indefinite small number.

か

ka — Question particle or 'some' when after いくつ.

私

watashi — I, me; first-person singular pronoun.

宛て

ate — Addressed to; directed toward a recipient.

て

te — Conjunctive verb form linking sequential actions.

公表

kōhyō — Public announcement, disclosure, or publication.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of suru; and/also connector.

故意

koi — Intentional, deliberate, on purpose.

も

mo — Also, too; inclusive or additive particle.

不注意

fuchūi — Carelessness, inattention, negligence.

読者

dokusha — Reader; a person who reads a text.

誤解

gokai — Misunderstanding, misinterpretation of something.

せる

seru — Causative suffix; to make or let someone do.

こと

koto — Thing, fact, act (nominalizer for verb phrases).

なく

naku — Without; negative conjunctive form of nai.

また

mata — Also, again, moreover, furthermore.

描写

byōsha — Description, depiction, portrayal in writing or art.

書く

kaku — To write; to compose text or characters.

前

mae — Before, in front of, prior to something.

主題

shudai — Subject, theme, or main topic of discussion.

調査

chōsa — Investigation, research, survey, or inquiry.

ため

tame — For the purpose of; because of; for the sake.

苦心

kushin — Hard effort, painstaking work, taking great pains.

いう

iu — To say, to be called, to refer to.

あえて

aete — Daring to; deliberately; going out of one's way.

述べる

noberu — To state, mention, or express in words.

まで

made — Until, up to, as far as, even.

約

yaku — Approximately, about, roughly (a number).

三十

sanjū — Thirty; the number 30.

事例

jirei — Case, example, instance of an occurrence.

中

naka/chū — Inside, among, within a group or space.

最も

mottomo — Most; the superlative degree of an adjective.

有名

yūmei — Famous, well-known, renowned.

伯爵

hakushaku — Count; European noble title equivalent to earl.

夫人

fujin — Lady, madame, wife of a dignitary.

聖堂

seidō — Cathedral, sacred hall, or religious building.

会員

kaiin — Member of an organization or association.

文学

bungaku — Literature; the field of written artistic works.

おい

oi — Nephew; a brother's or sister's son.

名声

meisei — Fame, reputation, renown, prestige.

博し

hakushi — Gained, earned (fame or recognition).

よっ

yott — By means of (colloquial/contracted form of yotte).

詳細

shōsai — Detailed, minute, thorough description or account.

記述

kijutsu — Description, written account, or documentation.

彼

kare — He, him; third-person male pronoun.

年

nen — Year; counter for years.

報告書

hōkokusho — Written report, official document of findings.

出版

shuppan — Publication, publishing a book or document.

後

go/ato — After, later, subsequent to an event.

再版

saihan — Reprint, second edition of a publication.

観察

kansatsu — Observation, watching carefully, close examination.

状況

jōkyō — Situation, circumstances, conditions at a given time.

いかなる

ikanaru — Whatever kind of; any sort of (formal).

合理的

gōriteki — Rational, reasonable, logical.

疑い

utagai — Doubt, suspicion, or uncertainty.

余地

yochi — Room, space, margin for doubt or possibility.

氏

shi — Mr./Ms.; honorific title after a person's name.

同じ

onaji — Same, identical, equal.

もの

mono — Thing, object, or person (nominalizer).

次

tsugi — Next, following, subsequent.

より

yori — Than; from; comparative particle.

六

roku — Six; the number 6.

年前

nenmae — Years ago; before a certain number of years.

起こっ

okott — Occurred, happened (past stem of okoru).

者

mono/sha — Person, individual, one who does something.

生ん

umn — Produced, gave birth to (past stem of umu).

だ

da — Copula; plain form of 'to be.'

名高い

nadakai — Renowned, famous, well-regarded.

外科

geka — Surgery; the medical specialty of surgery.

医

i — Doctor, physician, medical practitioner.

一人

hitori — One person; alone.

当事者

tōjisha — Person involved, concerned party, stakeholder.

女性

josei — Woman, female person.

夫

otto — Husband; one's male spouse.

無知

muchi — Ignorance, lack of knowledge or awareness.

彼女

kanojo — She, her; third-person female pronoun.

殺害

satsugai — Murder, killing, homicide.

有罪

yūzai — Guilty; having committed a crime.

判決

hanketsu — Verdict, judicial decision, court ruling.

受け

uke — Received, accepted (stem of ukeru).

上級

jōkyū — Higher level, senior, superior court or rank.

裁判所

saibansho — Court of law, tribunal, judicial court.

へ

e — Directional particle meaning 'to' or 'toward.'

正式

seishiki — Formal, official, proper procedure.

上訴

jōso — Appeal; formal legal appeal to a higher court.

呼ば

yoba — Called, named (passive/causative stem of yobu).

れる

reru — Passive verb ending; to be done to someone.

死

shi — Death, dying.

遂げ

toge — Accomplished, met (an end); achieved (stem of togeru).

証拠

shōko — Evidence, proof, testimony.

示さ

shimesa — Shown, demonstrated (negative/passive stem of shimesu).

無罪

muzai — Not guilty, innocent, acquitted of charges.

放免

hōmen — Release, acquittal, setting free from custody.

なっ

natt — Became (past stem of naru).

これ

kore — This; refers to something close to the speaker.

ら

ra — Plural suffix for pronouns and nouns.

注目

chūmoku — Attention, notice, being noteworthy.

す

su — Do; archaic or abbreviated form of suru.

べき

beki — Should, ought to; expressing obligation or expectation.

事実

jijitsu — Fact, truth, actual matter.

および

oyobi — And, as well as, together with (formal).

第

dai — Ordinal prefix meaning 'number' (first, second…).

二

ni — Two; the number 2.

巻

kan — Volume, scroll; counter for volumes of books.

ページ

pēji — Page; a numbered leaf in a book.

見

mi — See, look at (stem of miru).

権威

ken'i — Authority, prestige, credibility.

一般

ippan — General, common, ordinary, universal.

的

teki — Suffix meaning '-like,' '-ish,' or 'pertaining to.'

参照

sanshō — Reference, consultation, cross-reference.

付け加える

tsukekuwaeru — To add, append, or supplement further information.

必要

hitsuyō — Necessary, required, needed.

考える

kangaeru — To think, consider, reflect upon something.