Bleak House — Page 1

Vocabulary

裁判所

saibansho — Court of law; place where legal cases are heard.

に

ni — Particle indicating location, direction, time, or target.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential or simultaneous actions.

ロンドン

Rondon — London; capital city of England, United Kingdom.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle; indicates the grammatical subject.

先ごろ

sakigoro — Recently; not long ago; a short while back.

終わり

owari — End; conclusion; the final part of something.

着席

chakuseki — Taking a seat; being seated in a formal setting.

し

shi — Conjunctive verb form; connects clauses or lists reasons.

いる

iru — To exist; indicates ongoing or present state of being.

容赦

yōsha — Mercy; forgiveness; leniency toward someone's faults.

なき

naki — Without; lacking; archaic/literary negative attributive form.

十一月

jūichigatsu — November; the eleventh month of the year.

の

no — Possessive or attributive particle linking two nouns.

天候

tenkō — Weather; atmospheric conditions over a period of time.

まるで

marude — Just like; as if; used before similes or comparisons.

大水

ōmizu — Flood; large overflow of water onto land.

地上

chijō — Above ground; on the surface of the earth.

から

kara — From; since; because; indicates starting point or cause.

ほんの

honna — Just; merely; only a very small amount.

今しがた

imashigata — Just now; a moment ago; very recently.

引い

hii — Drew back; receded; conjunctive form of 引く (hiku).

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary; indicates completed action or state.

ばかり

bakari — Just; only; approximately; indicates recency or limitation.

よう

yō — Like; as if; resemblance or likeness to something.

街路

gairo — Street; road in a city or town.

は

wa — Topic marker particle; indicates the sentence's topic.

泥

doro — Mud; wet dirty earth mixed with water.

溢れ

afure — Overflowing; spilling over the edges of a container.

おり

ori — Being; existing; conjunctive humble form of いる.

を

wo — Object marker particle; indicates the direct object.

象

zō — Elephant; large herbivorous mammal with a trunk.

な

na — Adjectival particle; links na-adjectives to nouns.

トカゲ

tokage — Lizard; small scaly reptile with four legs.

よろしく

yoroshiku — Like; similar to; also used as a polite greeting.

よたよた

yotayota — Waddling; staggering; moving unsteadily from side to side.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle; various connecting functions.

登っ

nobotte — Climbing; ascending; conjunctive form of 登る (noboru).

くる

kuru — To come; indicates action moving toward the speaker.

体長

taichō — Body length; measurement from head to tail of animal.

四十

yonjū — Forty; the number 40.

フィート

Fīto — Feet; unit of length approximately 30.5 centimeters each.

ほど

hodo — About; approximately; to the extent of something.

出くわし

dekuwashi — Encountered unexpectedly; came across by chance.

も

mo — Also; too; even; inclusive or additive particle.

少し

sukoshi — A little; slightly; a small amount of something.

不思議

fushigi — Strange; mysterious; wonderful; hard to explain or understand.

で

de — At; by means of; indicates location of action or means.

ない

nai — Not; does not exist; negative form of ある/いる.

だっ

datte — Was; conjunctive past form of the copula だ.

煙突

entotsu — Chimney; tall pipe for conducting smoke from a fire.

煙

kemuri — Smoke; gas and particles produced by burning material.

垂れ込め

tarekome — Hanging low; overhanging heavily; said of clouds or smoke.

柔らかな

yawarakana — Soft; gentle; tender in texture or character.

黒い

kuroi — Black; dark in color.

霧雨

kirisame — Drizzle; very light fine rain falling gently.

作り出し

tsukuridashi — Creating; producing; bringing something new into existence.

その

sono — That; the; demonstrative modifier for nearby or mentioned things.

中

naka — Inside; middle; among; within a space or group.

大人

otona — Adult; grown-up person of mature age.

なっ

natte — Became; conjunctive form of なる (naru), to become.

雪

yuki — Snow; frozen precipitation falling as white flakes.

結晶

kesshō — Crystal; crystallization; a solidified geometric natural structure.

ある

aru — To exist; to have; used for inanimate things.

煤

susu — Soot; black powder deposited by smoke from burning.

塊

katamari — Lump; clump; mass of a substance clumped together.

混じっ

majitte — Mixed; blended; conjunctive form of 混じる (majiru).

い

i — Conjunctive form of いる; indicates ongoing existence or state.

太陽

taiyō — The sun; the star at the center of our solar system.

死

shi — Death; the end of life.

悼ん

itande — Mourning; grieving for the death of someone.

喪

mo — Mourning; period of grief following someone's death.

か

ka — Question particle; indicates a question or uncertainty.

想像

sōzō — Imagination; imagining something not directly perceived.

する

suru — To do; to perform an action; general action verb.

人

hito — Person; human being; people in general.

しれ

shire — Might; could; potential form implying uncertainty or possibility.

犬

inu — Dog; common domestic canine animal.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people and sometimes animals.

埋もれ

umore — Buried; submerged; hidden under something accumulated.

見分け

miwake — Distinguishing; telling apart; identifying differences between things.

つか

tsuka — Unable to grasp; used in negative potential constructions.

馬

uma — Horse; large domesticated animal used for riding or work.

大し

taishi — Much; greatly; used in negative phrases meaning not very.

変わら

kawara — Differ; change; base form used in negative constructions.

ず

zu — Negative conjunctive ending; without doing; classical negative form.

目隠し

mekakushi — Blindfold; covering the eyes to prevent seeing.

まで

made — Until; up to; as far as; even; extent particle.

跳ね上がっ

haneagatte — Splashing up; jumping up; flipping upward suddenly.

歩行者

hokōsha — Pedestrian; person traveling on foot along a road.

不機嫌

fukigen — Bad mood; ill-tempered; displeased or irritable feeling.

伝染

densen — Contagion; infection; spreading of disease or mood to others.

互い

tagai — Each other; mutual; reciprocal relationship between parties.

傘

kasa — Umbrella; portable device used for protection from rain.

ぶつけ

butsuke — Hitting; bumping; striking something against another object.

合い

ai — Each other; mutually; suffix indicating reciprocal action.

街角

machikado — Street corner; the corner where two streets meet.

足

ashi — Foot; leg; the lower limb used for walking.

滑らせ

suberase — Causing to slip; making something slide on a surface.

そこ

soko — There; that place; a location slightly removed from speaker.

夜明け

yoake — Dawn; daybreak; the time when day begins.

もし

moshi — If; used to introduce a conditional hypothetical clause.

この

kono — This; demonstrative modifier for things close to the speaker.

日

hi — Day; sun; a single calendar day.

あっ

atte — Being; existing; conjunctive form of ある (aru).

すれ

sure — Conditional form of する; if it does or were so.

ば

ba — Conditional particle; if; when a certain condition is met.

何万

nanman — Tens of thousands; an enormous unspecified large number.

滑り

suberi — Slipping; sliding; loss of traction on a surface.

転び

korobi — Falling; tumbling; losing balance and falling down.

ながら

nagara — While; simultaneously doing two actions at the same time.

幾重

ikue — Multiple layers; many folds; layered many times over.

積み重なっ

tsumikasanatte — Piled up; accumulated in layers one on another.

上

ue — Above; on top; upper part of something.

さらに

sarani — Furthermore; even more; additionally; to a greater degree.

新た

arata — New; fresh; newly added or recently formed.

層

sō — Layer; stratum; a distinct level within a structure.

加え

kuwae — Adding; including; appending something to an existing amount.

箇所

kasho — Place; spot; a specific location or point somewhere.

舗道

hodō — Pavement; paved sidewalk or road surface.

執拗

shitsuyō — Persistent; tenacious; stubbornly continuing without giving up.

こびりつき

kobiritsuki — Clinging; sticking stubbornly to a surface persistently.

堆積

taiseki — Accumulation; sediment; building up of deposited material.

続け

tsuzuke — Continuing; keeping on; proceeding without stopping.

いたる

itaru — Reaching; extending to; arriving at every place.

ところ

tokoro — Place; location; point in time or situation.

霧

kiri — Fog; mist; thick water vapor reducing visibility.

川

kawa — River; a natural flowing body of fresh water.

上流

jōryū — Upstream; the part of a river toward its source.

緑

midori — Green; the color of leaves and grass.

小島

kojima — Small island; a tiny landmass surrounded by water.

や

ya — And; listing particle connecting two or more nouns.

牧草地

bokusouchi — Meadow; pasture; land covered with grass for grazing.

間

aida — Between; among; the space or interval separating things.

流れ

nagare — Flow; current; the movement of water or other fluid.

下流

karyū — Downstream; the part of a river toward its mouth.

並ぶ

narabu — To line up; to stand in a row alongside others.

船

fune — Ship; boat; a vessel used for traveling on water.

大きな

ōkina — Large; big; of considerable size or magnitude.

そし

soshi — And; moreover; connecting clauses with additional information.

汚い

kitanai — Dirty; filthy; unclean in appearance or condition.

都市

toshi — City; urban area with large population and infrastructure.

川岸

kawagishi — Riverbank; the edge or shore along a river.

汚濁

odaku — Pollution; contamination; state of being dirtied or fouled.

穢れ

kegare — Impurity; defilement; ritual or moral uncleanliness.

漂っ

tadayotte — Drifting; floating; moving without direction on water or air.

湿地

shitchi — Wetland; marsh; low waterlogged land area.

丘陵

kyūryō — Hills; rolling elevated land less steep than mountains.

石炭

sekitan — Coal; black fossil fuel burned for energy or heat.

調理室

chōrishitsu — Galley; kitchen; room on a ship for cooking food.

へ

e — Toward; directional particle indicating movement to a place.

忍び込む

shinobikomu — To sneak into; to creep inside stealthily without detection.

大型船

ōgatabune — Large ship; big vessel used for ocean transport.

漂い

tadayoi — Drifting; floating; wandering without a fixed course.

さまよう

samayou — To wander; to roam aimlessly without a clear destination.

小舟

kobune — Small boat; a little vessel used on water.

垂れ込める

tarekkomeru — To hang low and heavy; said of fog or dark clouds.