Bleak House — Page 6

Vocabulary

青白い

aojiroi — Pale, pallid; describing a sickly or wan complexion.

顔

kao — Face; a person's facial features or expression.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating the direct object.

した

shita — Did; past tense of suru, to do.

囚人

shūjin — Prisoner; a person confined in jail or prison.

が

ga — Subject marker particle; also used for contrast or emphasis.

拘留

kōryū — Detention; being held in legal custody without release.

され

sare — Passive form of suru; being done or subjected to something.

た

ta — Past tense verb ending; indicates completed action.

まま

mama — As is; remaining in a certain unchanged state or condition.

自ら

mizukara — Oneself; personally or by one's own hand.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

侮辱

bujoku — Insult, humiliation; treating someone with contempt or disrespect.

罪

tsumi — Crime, sin, guilt; an offense or wrongdoing.

晴らす

harasu — To clear up; to vindicate or resolve a grievance.

ため

tame — For the purpose of; in order to achieve something.

申し立て

mōshitate — Petition, allegation; a formal statement or legal claim.

個人

kojin — Individual, personal; relating to a single person.

的

teki — Suffix meaning -like or -al, forming adjectives from nouns.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, time, or purpose.

行う

okonau — To carry out, perform; to conduct an action or event.

べく

beku — In order to; classical form expressing purpose or intention.

六度目

rokudome — The sixth time; occurring for the sixth instance.

目

me — Ordinal suffix; also means eye or point in a sequence.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle connecting clauses or items.

なる

naru — To become; to turn into a certain state or condition.

出廷

shuttei — Court appearance; presenting oneself before a court of law.

彼

kare — He, him; third-person singular masculine pronoun.

は

wa — Topic marker particle; indicates the topic of a sentence.

かつて

katsute — Once, formerly; referring to a past time or situation.

一切

issai — Entirely, at all; all of something or none whatsoever.

知識

chishiki — Knowledge, information; facts or understanding one possesses.

持っ

mott(e) — Having, holding; te-form of motsu, to have or possess.

て

te — Conjunctive particle linking sequential or simultaneous actions.

い

i — Stem of iru; to be, to exist (for animate beings).

主張

shuchō — Claim, assertion; strongly stating one's opinion or position.

さ

sa — Passive or nominalizing suffix; also an exclamatory particle.

れ

re — Passive verb ending; indicates being acted upon by another.

ない

nai — Negation suffix; indicates that something does not occur.

会計

kaikei — Accounting, finances; the management or recording of accounts.

関し

kanshi — Regarding, concerning; relating to a particular subject matter.

混乱

konran — Confusion, chaos; a disordered or muddled state of affairs.

状態

jōtai — State, condition; the current situation or circumstance of something.

陥っ

ochii(tte) — Fallen into; te-form of ochiru, to fall into a state.

唯一

yuiitsu — Sole, only; the single remaining or unique one of something.

生き残っ

ikinokot(te) — Having survived; te-form of ikinokoru, to survive.

遺言

yuigon — Will, testament; a legal document expressing one's final wishes.

執行

shikkō — Execution, enforcement; carrying out a legal decision or will.

者

sha / mono — Person; a suffix indicating someone who performs a role.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action, means, or reason.

あり

ari — Being; conjunctive form of aru, to exist or be.

その

sono — That; demonstrative adjective referring to something previously mentioned.

認め

mitome — Acknowledgment, recognition; stem of to admit or approve.

られる

rareru — Passive or potential auxiliary; can be done or is done.

見込み

mikomi — Prospect, expectation; the likelihood or hope for an outcome.

まったく

mattaku — Completely, utterly; used to emphasize total degree or negation.

間

aida / ma — Between, during; a space of time or physical gap.

人生

jinsei — Life, one's lifetime; the course of a person's existence.

見通し

mitooshi — Outlook, prospect; a forecast or view of future circumstances.

完全

kanzen — Complete, perfect; fully achieved without any deficiency.

絶た

tata — Cut off; conjunctive form of tatsu, to sever or eliminate.

しまっ

shimatt(e) — Ended up; te-form of shimau, indicating regrettable completion.

から

kara — From; particle indicating origin, cause, or starting point.

定期

teiki — Regular, periodic; occurring at fixed or scheduled intervals.

現れ

araware — Appearing, showing up; stem of awareru, to appear.

日

hi / nichi — Day, sun; a unit of time or the celestial body.

審理

shinri — Hearing, trial; judicial examination of a legal case.

終わり

owari — End, conclusion; the finishing point of an event or period.

訴え

uttae — Appeal, complaint; a plea or legal claim made to authorities.

かけ

kake — Beginning to; suffix indicating an action started but incomplete.

よう

yō — In order to; expressing intention or resemblance.

躍起

yakki — Desperate eagerness; being frantic or desperately determined.

もう

mō — Already, anymore; indicating something has occurred or changed.

一人

hitori — One person, alone; a single individual.

没落

botsuraku — Ruin, downfall; the decline or collapse of wealth and status.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of suru or a listing particle connecting reasons.

訴訟

soshō — Lawsuit, litigation; a legal dispute brought before a court.

人

hito / jin / nin — Person, human; an individual human being.

四半

shihan — Quarter; one-fourth of a whole, especially a quarter century.

世紀

seiki — Century; a period of one hundred years.

わたっ

watatt(e) — Spanning, over; te-form of wataru, to span a period.

荒廃

kōhai — Desolation, ruin; a state of devastation or decay.

せ

se — Causative suffix stem; making or letting someone do something.

おき

oki — Leaving as is; te-form stem of oku, to leave in place.

ながら

nagara — While; simultaneous action particle connecting two actions.

法的

hōteki — Legal; pertaining to or defined by law.

自分

jibun — Oneself; referring to one's own self or personal identity.

存在

sonzai — Existence, presence; the fact of existing or being present.

知ら

shira — Know; stem of shiru, to know or be aware of something.

だ

da — Copula; plain form of desu, asserting identity or state.

という

to iu — Called, known as; introducing a name, quote, or explanation.

こと

koto — Thing, fact; nominalizer turning a verb phrase into a noun.

どうしても

dōshitemo — No matter what; absolutely, at all costs, unavoidably.

理解

rikai — Understanding, comprehension; grasping the meaning of something.

せる

seru — Causative ending; making or letting someone perform an action.

でき

deki — Can, able; stem of dekiru, expressing possibility or ability.

男

otoko — Man, male; an adult male person.

有利

yūri — Advantageous, favorable; being in a beneficial position.

な

na — Adjectival copula particle connecting na-adjectives to nouns.

場所

basho — Place, location; a specific spot or area in space.

陣取り

jindori — Taking position; occupying a strategic spot or vantage point.

裁判

saiban — Trial, judgment; a legal proceeding to decide a case.

官

kan — Official, officer; a government or court official.

離さ

hanasa — Not letting go; stem of hanasu, to release or separate.

ず

zu — Negative conjunctive; without doing, archaic negative form.

立ち上がっ

tachiagatt(e) — Having stood up; te-form of tachiagaru, to rise or stand.

瞬間

shunkan — Moment, instant; a very brief point in time.

閣下

kakka — Your Excellency; honorific address for a high-ranking official.

朗々

rōrō — Sonorous, resonant; describing a loud and clear ringing voice.

たる

taru — Classical copula; worthy of being, in the manner of.

不満

fuman — Dissatisfaction, discontent; feeling that something is not enough.

声

koe — Voice, sound; the vocal sound produced by a person.

叫ぶ

sakebu — To shout, scream; to cry out loudly.

準備

junbi — Preparation, readiness; getting ready for an action or event.

整え

totonoe — Arranging, preparing; stem of totonoru, to put in order.

この

kono — This; demonstrative adjective referring to something nearby.

知っ

shitt(e) — Knowing; te-form of shiru, to know or be aware.

いる

iru — To be, to exist; exists for animate subjects.

数人

sūnin — Several people; a small number of individuals.

法律

hōritsu — Law; the system of rules enforceable in a society.

事務

jimu — Office work, clerical duties; administrative or business tasks.

所

sho / tokoro — Place, office; a location or establishment.

書記

shoki — Clerk, secretary; a person who keeps records in an office.

や

ya — And; a particle listing examples among multiple items.

他

hoka / ta — Other, else; something or someone different or additional.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people; indicating a group of persons.

何

nani / nan — What; interrogative pronoun asking about an unknown thing.

か

ka — Question particle; also means something or some when uncertain.

面白い

omoshiroi — Interesting, funny; something entertaining or enjoyable.

やらかし

yarakashi — Blunder, stunt; doing something outrageous or making a mess.

陰鬱

in'utsu — Gloomy, dismal; a dark, oppressive, or depressing atmosphere.

天気

tenki — Weather; the atmospheric conditions at a given time.

少し

sukoshi — A little, slightly; a small amount or degree.

も

mo — Also, even; additive or emphatic particle.

明るく

akaruku — Brightly; adverbial form of akarui, bright or cheerful.

くれる

kureru — To give (to me); to do a favor directed toward the speaker.

かも

kamo — Maybe, might; expressing possibility or uncertainty.

しれ

shire — Might; stem of shireru in kamoshirenai, expressing possibility.

期待

kitai — Expectation, hope; anticipating a desired outcome.

立ち去ら

tachisara — Leaving, departing; stem of tachisaru, to walk away.

対

tai — Versus, against; used between opposing parties in litigation.

単調

tanchō — Monotonous, tedious; lacking variety or interest.

だらだら

daradara — Dragging on, sluggishly; proceeding in a slow, drawn-out manner.

続い

tsuzui — Continuing; te-form of tsuzuku, to continue or go on.

かかし

kakashi — Scarecrow; a figure erected to frighten away birds.

同然

dōzen — Same as, equivalent to; practically or virtually identical.

時

toki — Time, moment; a point or period in time.

経る

heru — To pass, elapse; time passing or going through experience.

つれ

tsure — As, along with; in proportion to change over time.

生き

iki — Living; stem of ikiru, to live or be alive.

人間

ningen — Human being, person; a member of the human species.

誰

dare — Who; interrogative pronoun asking about a person's identity.

意味

imi — Meaning, significance; the sense conveyed by a word or act.

ほど

hodo — To the extent of; indicating degree, amount, or comparison.

複雑

fukuzatsu — Complicated, complex; involving many interrelated parts.

もの

mono — Thing; nominalizer or softening sentence-final particle.

なっ

natt(e) — Becoming; te-form of naru, to become or turn into.

当事者

tōjisha — Party involved; a person directly concerned in a matter.

最も

mottomo — Most; superlative adverb indicating the highest degree.

弁護士

bengoshi — Lawyer, attorney; a qualified legal advocate or counsel.

どの

dono — Which; interrogative adjective asking which one among several.

二人

futari — Two people; a pair of individuals.

選ん

eran(de) — Chosen; te-form stem of erabu, to choose or select.

すべて

subete — All, everything; the entirety of a set or group.

前提

zentei — Premise, precondition; an assumed basis for further reasoning.

つい

tsui — Unintentionally; accidentally doing something without meaning to.

意見

iken — Opinion, view; one's personal perspective on a matter.

食い違う

kuichigau — To disagree, conflict; opinions or facts that do not match.

なし

nashi — Without, none; the absence of something.

五

go — Five; the number 5.

分間

funkan — Minutes; a duration expressed in minutes.

語り合う

katariau — To converse, talk with each other; mutual discussion.

つとに

tsutoni — Long since, early on; having been known or true for some time.