Coniston — Volume 01 — Page 7

Vocabulary

Maintenant

meh-tuh-naw — At this moment; now

qu'

k — That; contraction of 'que' before vowel

elle

el — She; third-person singular feminine pronoun

y

ee — There; pronoun replacing a previously mentioned place

pensait

pawn-seh — Was thinking; imperfect tense of 'penser'

il

eel — He; third-person singular masculine pronoun

avait

ah-veh — Had; imperfect tense of 'avoir'

une

ün — A; indefinite feminine article

puissance

pwee-sawns — Power; strength; force or might

rude

rüd — Rough; harsh; rugged in character or appearance

dans

dawn — In; inside; within a place or time

le

luh — The; definite masculine singular article

visage

vee-zahzh — Face; the front part of a person's head

de

duh — Of; from; preposition indicating possession or origin

surtout

sür-too — Especially; above all; particularly

quand

kawn — When; at the time that

ôtait

oh-teh — Was removing; imperfect tense of 'ôter'

son

sawn — His; her; possessive adjective for singular noun

bonnet

boh-neh — Cap; a soft brimless hat worn on the head

en

awn — In; by; preposition indicating material or manner

peau

poh — Skin; hide; animal skin or human skin

raton

rah-tawn — Small rat; used in 'raton laveur' meaning raccoon

laveur

lah-vur — Washer; in 'raton laveur' refers to raccoon

Elle

el — She; third-person singular feminine pronoun

lui

lwee — Him; her; indirect object pronoun

adressait

ah-dreh-seh — Was directing; addressing someone with a gesture

toujours

too-zhoor — Always; still; at all times

un

uh — A; one; indefinite masculine article

signe

seen-yuh — Sign; gesture; signal made to someone

tête

tet — Head; the uppermost part of the body

guise

geez — Manner; way; as in 'en guise de' meaning as

salutation

sah-lü-tah-syawn — Greeting; formal gesture or words of welcome

lorsqu'

lor-sk — When; at the moment that; contraction of 'lorsque'

voyait

vwah-yeh — Was seeing; imperfect tense of 'voir'

la

lah — The; definite feminine singular article

cour

koor — Courtyard; enclosed outdoor area near a building

tannerie

tah-nuh-ree — Tannery; place where animal hides are processed

ou

oo — Or; conjunction presenting an alternative

sur

sür — On; upon; atop a surface

route

root — Road; path; way used for travel

et

eh — And; conjunction linking two elements together

parfois

par-fwah — Sometimes; occasionally; not always

rendait

rawn-deh — Was returning; giving back; imperfect of 'rendre'

mais

meh — But; however; conjunction showing contrast

plus

plü — More; most; used in comparisons

souvent

soo-vawn — Often; frequently; many times

n'

n — Not; negation particle before vowel sound

pas

pah — Not; second part of French negation 'ne...pas'

semblé

sawm-bleh — Seemed; appeared; past participle of 'sembler'

voir

vwahr — To see; to observe; infinitive verb

attribué

ah-tree-bweh — Attributed; assigned; past participle of 'attribuer'

ce

suh — This; that; demonstrative pronoun or adjective

manque

mawnk — Lack; absence; shortage of something

à

ah — To; at; preposition indicating direction or location

stupidité

stü-pee-dee-teh — Stupidity; foolishness; lack of intelligence

pouvait

poo-veh — Could; was able to; imperfect of 'pouvoir'

après

ah-preh — After; following in time or order

tout

too — All; everything; used in 'après tout' meaning after all

s'

s — Reflexive pronoun; contraction before vowel

agir

ah-zheer — To act; to behave; infinitive verb

distraction

dees-trak-syawn — Distraction; inattentiveness; being mentally absent

Qu'

k — What; that; contraction before vowel

est-

eh — Is; part of 'qu'est-ce qui' meaning what

qui

kee — Who; which; relative or interrogative pronoun

vous

voo — You; formal or plural second-person pronoun

fait

feh — Makes; does; third-person singular of 'faire'

penser

pawn-seh — To think; to consider; infinitive verb

a

ah — Has; third-person singular present of 'avoir'

des

deh — Some; plural indefinite article in French

capacités

kah-pah-see-teh — Abilities; capabilities; skills or aptitudes

demanda-

duh-mawn-dah — Asked; inquired; inverted form of 'demander'

cueillant

kuh-yawn — Picking; gathering; present participle of 'cueillir'

fleurs

flur — Flowers; blooms; plural of 'fleur'

bouquet

boo-keh — Bouquet; bunch of flowers arranged together

d'

d — Of; from; contraction before vowel

tenait

tuh-neh — Was holding; holding; imperfect tense of 'tenir'

Il

eel — He; third-person singular masculine pronoun

est

eh — Is; third-person singular present of 'être'

riche

reesh — Rich; wealthy; having a lot of money

pour

poor — For; in order to; preposition of purpose

commencer

koh-mawn-seh — To begin; to start; infinitive verb

dit

dee — Said; told; past tense of 'dire'

eu

ü — Had; past participle of 'avoir'

l'

l — The; definite article contracted before vowel

intention

awn-tawn-syawn — Intention; plan; purpose behind an action

faire

fair — To do; to make; common infinitive verb

dissertation

dee-ser-tah-syawn — Essay; lengthy formal written or spoken discourse

se

suh — Himself; herself; reflexive pronoun

sentait

sawn-teh — Felt; was feeling; imperfect of 'sentir'

obligé

oh-blee-zheh — Obligated; compelled; feeling a duty to act

défendre

deh-fawndr — To defend; to protect; to justify claims

ses

seh — His; her; possessive adjective for plural nouns

affirmations

ah-feer-mah-syawn — Assertions; statements claimed to be true

Riche

reesh — Rich; wealthy; exclamation about someone's wealth

Eh

eh — Hey; well; interjection expressing surprise or emphasis

bien

byawn — Well; good; used in expressions like 'eh bien'

pauvre

pohvr — Poor; impoverished; lacking financial resources

détient

deh-tyawn — Holds; possesses; third-person singular of 'détenir'

jusqu'

zhüsk — Until; up to; contraction before vowel

trente

trawnt — Thirty; the number 30

hypothèques

ee-poh-tek — Mortgages; loans secured against property

parmi

par-mee — Among; amidst; in the midst of a group

les

leh — The; definite plural article

fermiers

fair-myeh — Farmers; people who work agricultural land

certaines

ser-ten — Certain; some; referring to particular unspecified things

terres

tair — Lands; soils; pieces of ground or territory

autres

ohtr — Others; other; referring to additional things

du

dü — Some; of the; contraction of 'de le'

bétail

beh-tah-y — Livestock; cattle; farm animals collectively

Comment

koh-mawn — How; in what way; interrogative adverb

a-

ah — Has; inverted form of 'avoir' in questions

gagné

gah-nyeh — Earned; won; past participle of 'gagner'

cet

set — This; demonstrative adjective before masculine vowel

argent

ar-zhawn — Money; silver; used to mean currency or wealth

demanda

duh-mawn-dah — Asked; inquired; simple past of 'demander'

surprise

sür-preez — Surprised; astonished; unexpectedly caught off guard

Des

deh — Some; plural indefinite article

peaux

poh — Hides; skins; plural of 'peau'

laine

len — Wool; fiber from sheep used in textiles

écorce

eh-kors — Bark; rind; outer covering of a tree

retournées

ruh-toor-neh — Turned over; returned; past participle feminine plural

charge

sharzh — Load; charge; amount carried or responsibility

cargaison

kar-geh-zawn — Cargo; shipment; goods transported together

conduit

kawn-dwee — Led; driven; past tense of 'conduire'

avec

ah-vek — With; together with; accompanied by

six

sees — Six; the number 6

chevaux

shuh-voh — Horses; plural of 'cheval'

soûle

sool — Drunk; intoxicated; inebriated from alcohol

reste

rest — Remains; stays; third-person singular of 'rester'

sobre

sobr — Sober; abstemious; not drinking alcohol

économise

eh-koh-noh-meez — Saves money; economizes; is frugal with resources

mit

mee — Put; placed; simple past of 'mettre'

façonner

fah-soh-neh — To shape; to fashion; to craft something carefully

chevilles

shuh-vee-y — Pegs; pins; wooden fasteners or ankle joints

bois

bwah — Wood; timber; material from trees

car

kar — Because; for; conjunction explaining a reason

clous

kloo — Nails; metal fasteners; plural of 'clou'

étaient

eh-teh — Were; imperfect plural form of 'être'

rares

rahr — Rare; scarce; uncommon or hard to find

temps-

tawn — Time; period; used in 'en ce temps-là' meaning then

là

lah — There; that place; used to indicate location

attarda

ah-tar-dah — Lingered; stayed longer; simple past of 'attarder'

encore

awn-kor — Still; again; yet; also expressing continuation

Que

kuh — What; that; interrogative or relative pronoun

vouliez-

voo-lyeh — Did you mean; imperfect of 'vouloir' inverted

dire

deer — To say; to tell; common infinitive verb

par

par — By; through; per; preposition of means

renard

ruh-nar — Fox; a cunning wild animal of the canine family

oies

wah — Geese; plural of 'oie'; farm birds

dit-

dee — Said; inverted form used in reported speech

bientôt

byawn-toh — Soon; shortly; in a little while

rit

ree — Laughed; simple past of 'rire'

appartenait

ah-par-tuh-neh — Belonged; was a member of; imperfect of 'appartenir'

Église

eh-gleez — Church; a Christian place of worship

établie

eh-tah-blee — Established; set up; past participle feminine of 'établir'

politiquement

poh-lee-teek-mawn — Politically; in terms of political views or affiliation

admirait

ahd-mee-reh — Admired; looked up to; imperfect of 'admirer'

général

zheh-neh-rahl — General; a high-ranking military officer

diriez-

dee-ryeh — Would say; conditional of 'dire' inverted

si

see — If; whether; conditional conjunction

président

preh-zee-dawn — President; head of state or organization

prochain

pro-shawn — Next; upcoming; the one following in sequence

conseil

kawn-sey — Council; advisory body; group making decisions

municipal

mü-nee-see-pahl — Municipal; relating to a town or city government