Crime and Punishment — Page 1

Vocabulary

DELITTO

Crime or offense committed against the law

E

And; basic coordinating conjunction

CASTIGO

Punishment or penalty for wrongdoing

Di

Of, by, from; common preposition

Tradotto

Translated; past participle of tradurre

da

By, from; preposition indicating agent or origin

PREFAZIONE

Preface or foreword of a book

DEL

Contraction of di and il, meaning 'of the'

TRADUTTORE

Translator; person who translates written texts

Alcune

Some, a few; feminine plural indefinite adjective

parole

Words; plural of parola

su

On, about, upon; common preposition

stesso

Same, himself, itself; emphatic or reflexive adjective

possono

They can; third person plural of potere

aiutare

To help or assist someone

il

The; masculine singular definite article

lettore

Reader; person who reads texts

inglese

English; relating to England or its language

a

To, at; very common Italian preposition

comprendere

To understand or comprehend something

la

The; feminine singular definite article

sua

His, her, its; feminine singular possessive adjective

opera

Work, opus; artistic or literary production

era

Was; third person singular imperfect of essere

figlio

Son; male child in relation to parents

di

Of, from; very common Italian preposition

un

A, an; masculine singular indefinite article

medico

Doctor, physician; medical professional

I

The; masculine plural definite article

suoi

His, her; masculine plural possessive adjective

genitori

Parents; father and mother together

erano

Were; third person plural imperfect of essere

persone

People, persons; plural of persona

molto

Very, much, a lot; common adverb or adjective

laboriose

Hardworking, industrious; feminine plural adjective

e

And; basic coordinating conjunction

profondamente

Deeply, profoundly; adverb modifying degree or intensity

religiose

Religious, devout; feminine plural adjective

ma

But; adversative coordinating conjunction

così

So, thus, in this way; common adverb

povere

Poor, impoverished; feminine plural adjective

vivere

To live; to exist or reside somewhere

con

With; preposition indicating accompaniment or means

i

The; masculine plural definite article

loro

Their, them, they; third person plural pronoun

cinque

Five; cardinal number

figli

Children, sons; plural of figlio

in

In, into; very common Italian preposition

sole

Only, alone; adjective meaning just a few

due

Two; cardinal number

stanze

Rooms; plural of stanza, spaces in a building

Il

The; masculine singular definite article

padre

Father; male parent

madre

Mother; female parent

trascorrevano

They spent time; imperfect of trascorrere

le

The; feminine plural definite article

serate

Evenings; plural of serata

leggendo

Reading; gerund of leggere

ad

To, at; form of 'a' before vowels

alta

High, loud; feminine singular adjective

voce

Voice; sound produced by human speech

ai

To the; contraction of a and i

generalmente

Generally, usually; adverb of frequency

libri

Books; plural of libro

carattere

Character, nature; distinctive quality or type

serio

Serious, grave; not frivolous or light

Sebbene

Although, even though; concessive conjunction

sempre

Always; adverb of time

cagionevole

Sickly, frail; prone to illness

delicato

Delicate, fragile; weak in health or constitution

risultò

He turned out, he ranked; past of risultare

terzo

Third; ordinal number

all'

At the, to the; contraction before vowel

esame

Exam, examination; formal academic test

finale

Final, last; concluding or ultimate

della

Of the; feminine singular prepositional article

scuola

School; educational institution

Ingegneria

Engineering; field of technical and applied science

Lì

There; adverb indicating a place

aveva

He/she had; third person singular imperfect of avere

già

Already; adverb indicating prior occurrence

iniziato

Started, begun; past participle of iniziare

prima

Before, first; adverb or adjective of time

Povera

Poor; feminine singular adjective expressing pity

gente

People, folk; collective noun for persons

Questo

This; masculine singular demonstrative adjective

racconto

Short story, tale; brief fictional narrative

fu

Was; third person singular passato remoto of essere

pubblicato

Published; past participle of pubblicare

dal

By the; contraction of da and il

poeta

Poet; person who writes poetry

nella

In the; feminine singular prepositional article

rivista

Magazine, journal; periodical publication

accolto

Received, welcomed; past participle of accogliere

grande

Great, big; adjective of size or importance

entusiasmo

Enthusiasm; strong excitement or eager interest

giovane

Young; adjective describing youth

timido

Shy, timid; lacking confidence in social situations

sconosciuto

Unknown, stranger; not yet known or recognized

si

Himself, herself, oneself; reflexive pronoun

ritrovò

Found himself; past of ritrovarsi, to find oneself

istante

Instant, moment; very brief period of time

una

A, an; feminine singular indefinite article

sorta

Sort, kind, type; a variety or category

celebrità

Celebrity, fame; state of being widely known

Una

A, an; feminine singular indefinite article

carriera

Career; professional path or occupation

brillante

Brilliant, shining; outstanding or very talented

successo

Success; favorable outcome or achievement

sembrava

Seemed; third person singular imperfect of sembrare

aprirsi

To open up; reflexive infinitive of aprire

davanti

In front of, before; spatial adverb or preposition

lui

Him, he; third person masculine singular pronoun

quelle

Those; feminine plural demonstrative adjective

speranze

Hopes; plural of speranza

furono

Were; third person plural passato remoto of essere

presto

Soon, quickly; adverb of time or speed

deluse

Disappointed, dashed; feminine plural past participle of deludere

Nel

In the; masculine singular prepositional article

arrestato

Arrested; past participle of arrestare

non

Not; basic negation adverb

fosse

Were; third person singular imperfect subjunctive of essere

rivoluzionario

Revolutionary; person advocating radical political change

né

Neither, nor; negative correlative conjunction

per

For, by, through; very common preposition

temperamento

Temperament; person's natural disposition or character

convinzione

Conviction, belief; firmly held opinion

faceva

He made, did; third person singular imperfect of fare

parte

Part, member; component or side of something

piccolo

Small, little; adjective of size

gruppo

Group; collection of people or things

giovani

Young people; plural of giovane

che

That, who, which; relative or conjunction word

riunivano

They gathered; imperfect of riunirsi, to meet together

leggere

To read; basic verb of literacy

Fu

Was, he was; passato remoto of essere

accusato

Accused; past participle of accusare

aver

To have; short form of avere in infinitive

preso

Taken, participated; past participle of prendere

conversazioni

Conversations; plural of conversazione

contro

Against; preposition indicating opposition

censura

Censorship; official suppression of information

letto

Read; past participle of leggere

lettera

Letter; written message or correspondence

essere

To be; fundamental Italian auxiliary verb

conoscenza

Knowledge, acquaintance; awareness or familiarity

dell'

Of the; elided prepositional article before vowel

intenzione

Intention, plan; purpose one has in mind

allestire

To set up, establish; to prepare or organize something

tipografia

Typography, printing press; place where printing occurs

Sotto

Under, beneath; preposition of position

quel

That; masculine singular demonstrative adjective

uomo

Man; adult male human being

severo

Severe, strict, harsh; stern in character

giusto

Just, fair, right; morally correct or appropriate

come

How, as, like; adverb of manner or comparison

lo

Him, it; masculine singular direct object pronoun

chiama

Calls; third person singular present of chiamare

questo

This; masculine singular demonstrative pronoun

sufficiente

Sufficient, enough; adequate for a purpose

ed

And; variant of e used before vowels

egli

He; formal third person masculine singular subject pronoun

condannato

Condemned, sentenced; past participle of condannare

morte

Death; end of life