Crime and Punishment — Page 3

English → It Preface Level 8/10

He had shown signs of some obscure nervous disease before his arrest and this now developed into violent attacks of epilepsy, from which he suffered for the rest of his life.

Aveva mostrato segni di una oscura malattia nervosa prima del suo arresto e questa si sviluppò ora in violenti attacchi di epilessia, dai quali soffrì per il resto della sua vita.

The fits occurred three or four times a year and were more frequent in periods of great strain.

Gli attacchi si verificavano tre o quattro volte all'anno ed erano più frequenti nei periodi di grande tensione.

In 1859 he was allowed to return to Russia.

Nel 1859 gli fu permesso di tornare in Russia.

He started a journal--"Vremya," which was forbidden by the Censorship through a misunderstanding.

Fondò una rivista -- "Vremya", che fu proibita dalla Censura a causa di un malinteso.

In 1864 he lost his first wife and his brother Mihail.

Nel 1864 perse la sua prima moglie e suo fratello Mihail.

He was in terrible poverty, yet he took upon himself the payment of his brother's debts.

Versava in una terribile povertà, eppure si assunse il pagamento dei debiti di suo fratello.

He started another journal--"The Epoch," which within a few months was also prohibited.

Fondò un'altra rivista -- "L'Epoca", che nel giro di pochi mesi fu anch'essa proibita.

He was weighed down by debt, his brother's family was dependent on him, he was forced to write at heart-breaking speed, and is said never to have corrected his work.

Era oppresso dai debiti, la famiglia di suo fratello dipendeva da lui, era costretto a scrivere a una velocità straziante, e si dice che non abbia mai corretto il suo lavoro.

The later years of his life were much softened by the tenderness and devotion of his second wife.

Gli ultimi anni della sua vita furono molto addolciti dalla tenerezza e dalla devozione della sua seconda moglie.

In June 1880 he made his famous speech at the unveiling of the monument to Pushkin in Moscow and he was received with extraordinary demonstrations of love and honour.

Nel giugno del 1880 tenne il suo famoso discorso in occasione dell'inaugurazione del monumento a Pushkin a Mosca e fu accolto con straordinarie manifestazioni di amore e onore.

A few months later Dostoevsky died.

Pochi mesi dopo Dostoevsky morì.

He was followed to the grave by a vast multitude of mourners, who "gave the hapless man the funeral of a king."

Fu seguito alla tomba da una vasta moltitudine di persone in lutto, che "diedero all'infelice uomo il funerale di un re".

He is still probably the most widely read writer in Russia.

È ancora probabilmente lo scrittore più letto in Russia.

Vocabulary

Aveva: Third person singular past tense of 'avere' (to have).
mostrato: Past participle of 'mostrare'; shown or displayed.
segni: Signs or symptoms indicating something.
di: Preposition meaning 'of' or 'from'.
una: Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an' (feminine).
oscura: Dark, obscure, or mysterious in nature.
malattia: An illness or disease affecting the body or mind.
nervosa: Nervous; relating to the nervous system or anxiety.
prima: Before; earlier in time or order.
del: Contraction of 'di' and 'il'; meaning 'of the'.
suo: Possessive adjective meaning 'his', 'her', or 'its'.
arresto: An arrest; the act of being detained by authorities.
e: Conjunction meaning 'and'.
questa: Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' (feminine singular).
si: Reflexive pronoun meaning 'oneself' or 'itself'.
sviluppò: Third person singular past; developed or grew into something.
ora: Now; at the present moment.
in: Preposition meaning 'in' or 'into'.
violenti: Violent; intense and forceful in nature.
attacchi: Attacks or seizures, often medical or physical.
epilessia: Epilepsy; a neurological disorder causing recurrent seizures.
dai: Contraction of 'da' and 'i'; meaning 'from the' (plural).
quali: Relative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'whom'.
soffrì: Third person singular past; suffered from something painful.
per: Preposition meaning 'for', 'through', or 'during'.
il: Definite article meaning 'the' (masculine singular).
resto: The rest or remainder of something.
della: Contraction of 'di' and 'la'; meaning 'of the' (feminine).
vita: Life; the period of a person's existence.
Gli: Indirect object pronoun meaning 'to him' or 'to them'.
verificavano: They occurred or took place; imperfect tense of 'verificarsi'.
tre: The number three.
o: Conjunction meaning 'or'.
quattro: The number four.
volte: Times; instances of something happening repeatedly.
all': Contraction of 'a' and 'l''; meaning 'at the' or 'per the'.
anno: Year; a period of twelve months.
ed: Variant of 'e' meaning 'and', used before vowels.
erano: Third person plural imperfect of 'essere'; they were.
più: More; to a greater degree or extent.
frequenti: Frequent; occurring often or repeatedly.
nei: Contraction of 'in' and 'i'; meaning 'in the' (plural).
periodi: Periods; spans or intervals of time.
grande: Great or large in size, intensity, or importance.
tensione: Tension; mental or emotional stress and strain.
Nel: Contraction of 'in' and 'il'; meaning 'in the'.
gli: Indirect object pronoun meaning 'to him'; also 'the' (masculine plural).
fu: Third person singular past of 'essere'; he/she/it was.
permesso: Permitted or allowed; past participle of 'permettere'.
tornare: To return; to go back to a place or state.
Fondò: He/she founded or established something; past tense of 'fondare'.
rivista: A magazine or journal published periodically.
che: Relative pronoun or conjunction meaning 'that' or 'which'.
proibita: Prohibited or banned; forbidden by authority.
dalla: Contraction of 'da' and 'la'; meaning 'by the' (feminine).
Censura: Censorship; official suppression of information or publications.
a: Preposition meaning 'to', 'at', or 'in'.
causa: Cause or reason; what brings about an effect.
un: Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an' (masculine).
malinteso: A misunderstanding; an error in comprehension or interpretation.
perse: He/she lost something; past tense of 'perdere'.
la: Definite article meaning 'the' (feminine singular).
moglie: Wife; a woman in a marital relationship.
fratello: Brother; a male sibling.
Versava: He/she was immersed in; imperfect of 'versare' (here: to be steeped in).
terribile: Terrible; causing fear, distress, or great hardship.
povertà: Poverty; the state of being extremely poor.
eppure: And yet; nevertheless; despite what was just said.
assunse: He/she took on or assumed; past tense of 'assumere'.
pagamento: Payment; the act of paying money owed.
dei: Contraction of 'di' and 'i'; meaning 'of the' (masculine plural).
debiti: Debts; money or obligations owed to others.
un': Elided form of 'una'; indefinite article before a vowel.
altra: Another; a different or additional one (feminine).
L': Elided definite article meaning 'the' before a vowel.
Epoca: Epoch or era; also the name of Dostoevsky's second journal.
nel: Contraction of 'in' and 'il'; meaning 'in the'.
giro: Turn or round; 'nel giro di' means 'within' a timeframe.
pochi: Few; a small number of (masculine plural).
mesi: Months; plural of 'mese'.
anch': Elided form of 'anche'; meaning 'also' or 'too'.
essa: Third person feminine pronoun meaning 'it' or 'she'.
Era: Third person singular imperfect of 'essere'; he/she/it was.
oppresso: Oppressed or weighed down; burdened by obligations or hardship.
famiglia: Family; the group of people related by blood or marriage.
dipendeva: Depended; imperfect of 'dipendere'; relied on someone.
da: Preposition meaning 'from', 'by', or 'since'.
lui: Subject or object pronoun meaning 'him' or 'he'.
costretto: Forced or compelled; past participle of 'costringere'.
scrivere: To write; the infinitive of the verb 'to write'.
velocità: Speed or velocity; the rate at which something occurs.
straziante: Heart-rending; causing great anguish or distress.
dice: He/she says; third person singular present of 'dire'.
non: Negation word meaning 'not'.
abbia: Present subjunctive of 'avere'; that he/she may have.
mai: Never or ever; used in negation or questions.
corretto: Corrected or revised; past participle of 'correggere'.
lavoro: Work or labor; a task or professional activity.
ultimi: Last or final; most recent (masculine plural adjective).
anni: Years; plural of 'anno'.
furono: Third person plural past of 'essere'; they were.
molto: Very or much; to a great degree or extent.
addolciti: Softened or sweetened; made gentler or more bearable.
tenerezza: Tenderness; gentle affection and warmth toward someone.
devozione: Devotion; deep loyalty and dedication to a person or cause.
seconda: Second; referring to the second in a series (feminine).
giugno: June; the sixth month of the year.
tenne: He/she held or gave; past tense of 'tenere'.
famoso: Famous; widely known and recognized.
discorso: A speech or discourse delivered to an audience.
occasione: Occasion; a particular event or special circumstance.
dell': Contraction of 'di' and 'l''; meaning 'of the' before vowel.
inaugurazione: Inauguration; the formal opening or dedication of something.
monumento: A monument; a structure built to honor someone or something.
Mosca: Moscow; the capital city of Russia.
accolto: Welcomed or received; past participle of 'accogliere'.
con: Preposition meaning 'with'.
straordinarie: Extraordinary; exceptional, remarkable, and out of the ordinary.
manifestazioni: Manifestations or demonstrations; public expressions of feeling.
amore: Love; a deep feeling of affection or devotion.
onore: Honor; great respect and admiration given to someone.
Pochi: Few; a small number; here meaning 'a short time after'.
dopo: After; later in time or sequence.
morì: He/she died; past tense of 'morire'.
Fu: He/she/it was; third person singular past of 'essere'.
seguito: Followed; past participle of 'seguire'; also 'followed by'.
alla: Contraction of 'a' and 'la'; meaning 'to the' (feminine).
tomba: A tomb or grave; a burial place for the dead.
vasta: Vast or large; extensive in size or number (feminine).
moltitudine: A multitude; a very large number of people or things.
persone: People; plural of 'persona', referring to individuals.
lutto: Mourning or grief; sorrow expressed after someone's death.
diedero: They gave; third person plural past of 'dare'.
infelice: Unhappy or unfortunate; lacking happiness or good fortune.
uomo: Man; an adult male human being.
funerale: A funeral; the ceremony held after someone's death.
re: King; a male monarch or ruler of a kingdom.
È: Third person singular present of 'essere'; he/she/it is.
ancora: Still or yet; continuing up to the present time.
probabilmente: Probably; with a high degree of likelihood.
lo: Direct object pronoun or article meaning 'him' or 'the'.
scrittore: A writer or author; someone who writes professionally.
letto: Read; past participle of 'leggere'; also means 'bed'.

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