Crime and Punishment — Page 1

Vocabulary

罪

tsumi — Crime, sin, or wrongdoing committed by a person.

と

to — Particle meaning 'and' or quotation marker.

罰

batsu — Punishment or penalty for an offense.

著

cho — Written by; indicates authorship of a work.

訳

yaku — Translation; translated by a person.

訳者

yakusha — Translator; person who translates a text.

まえがき

maegaki — Preface or foreword written before main text.

自身

jishin — Oneself; emphasizes the subject personally.

について

ni tsuite — About; concerning a particular topic or person.

いくつか

ikutsuka — Several; a few things or items.

述べて

nobete — Stating or describing something in detail.

おく

oku — To do something in advance for later use.

こと

koto — Thing; nominalizer turning verb phrases into nouns.

は

wa — Topic marker particle in Japanese grammar.

英語

eigo — The English language.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle in Japanese.

読者

dokusha — Reader; person who reads a book or text.

が

ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar.

彼

kare — He; third-person masculine pronoun.

作品

sakuhin — Work of art, literature, or creative piece.

を

wo — Object marker particle in Japanese grammar.

理解

rikai — Understanding or comprehension of something.

する

suru — To do; general-purpose action verb.

助け

tasuke — Help, aid, or assistance given to someone.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or purpose.

なる

naru — To become; to turn into something.

かも

kamo — Perhaps; expresses possibility or uncertainty.

しれない

shirenai — Might be; expresses uncertainty about outcome.

医者

isha — Doctor; medical practitioner who treats patients.

息子

musuko — Son; male child of a parent.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or cause.

あった

atta — Was; past tense of the verb 'to be'.

両親

ryōshin — Both parents; father and mother together.

非常

hijō — Extremely; very; to an unusual degree.

勤勉

kinben — Diligent; hardworking in one's efforts.

深く

fukaku — Deeply; to a great or profound degree.

信仰心

shinkōshin — Religious faith or devoutness in one's belief.

ある

aru — To have; to exist; there is something.

人々

hitobito — People; multiple individuals as a group.

たいへん

taihen — Very; extremely; also means a serious hardship.

貧しく

mazushiku — Poorly; in a state of poverty or lack.

五人

gonin — Five people; a group of five persons.

子供たち

kodomotachi — Children; plural of child.

二部屋

nima — Two rooms in a house or apartment.

だけ

dake — Only; just; limiting to a specific amount.

暮らして

kurashite — Living; spending one's daily life somewhere.

いた

ita — Was doing; past progressive auxiliary verb form.

父

chichi — Father; one's own male parent.

母

haha — Mother; one's own female parent.

夜

yoru — Night; the period after sunset.

時間

jikan — Time; hours spent doing an activity.

へ

e — Particle indicating direction toward a destination.

読み聞かせ

yomikikase — Reading aloud to someone, especially children.

費やし

tsuiyashi — Spent; used up time, money, or energy.

たいてい

taitei — Usually; generally; in most cases.

真面目

majime — Serious; sincere; earnest in character.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

性格

seikaku — Personality; character traits of a person.

本

hon — Book; printed or written literary work.

読んだ

yonda — Read; past tense of the verb to read.

常

tsune — Always; constantly; at all times.

病弱

byōjaku — Sickly; having a weak or frail constitution.

体

karada — Body; the physical form of a person.

丈夫

jōbu — Healthy; strong and sturdy in body.

なかった

nakatta — Was not; negative past tense of aru.

も

mo — Also; even; too; inclusive particle.

かかわらず

kakawarazu — Despite; regardless of a circumstance or condition.

工科学校

kōka gakkō — Engineering school; technical institute for engineering studies.

最終試験

saishū shiken — Final examination at the end of a course.

三番

sanban — Third place or number three in ranking.

成績

seiseki — Academic results; grades or performance scores.

収めた

osamet — Achieved; obtained a result or accomplishment.

そこ

soko — There; that place previously mentioned.

すでに

sudeni — Already; by that time something had occurred.

最初

saisho — First; the beginning or earliest instance.

貧しき

mazushiki — Poor; archaic adjectival form of impoverished.

書き始めて

kakihajimete — Having begun writing a literary work.

この

kono — This; refers to something nearby or just mentioned.

物語

monogatari — Story; narrative or tale about events.

詩人

shijin — Poet; person who writes poems.

よって

yotte — By means of; through the action of someone.

その

sono — That; referring to something previously mentioned.

評論誌

hyōronshi — Literary or critical journal publishing reviews and essays.

掲載

keisai — Publication; appearing in print in a journal.

され

sare — Was done; passive verb form marker.

喝采

kassai — Applause; enthusiastic acclaim from an audience.

もって

motte — With; by means of something.

迎えられた

mukaerareta — Was welcomed; received with enthusiasm.

内気

uchiki — Shy; introverted or timid in personality.

無名

mumei — Unknown; nameless; lacking fame or recognition.

青年

seinen — Young man; youth in early adulthood.

たちまち

tachimachi — Suddenly; instantly; in a very short time.

ある種

aru shu — A certain kind; a particular type of thing.

有名人

yūmeijin — Famous person; celebrity known by many people.

なった

natta — Became; past tense of the verb 'to become'.

輝かしく

kagayakashiku — Brilliantly; in a glorious or radiant manner.

成功

seikō — Success; achievement of a desired goal.

満ちた

michita — Filled with; full of a certain quality.

将来

shōrai — Future; time ahead in one's life.

前

mae — Before; in front of; ahead in time.

開ける

hirake — To open up; to spread before one.

よう

yō — Seems like; indicates appearance or supposition.

思われた

omowareta — Was thought; seemed to be a certain way.

希望

kibō — Hope; wish or expectation for the future.

まもなく

mamonaku — Soon; before long; shortly after.

打ち砕かれた

uchikudakareta — Was shattered; completely destroyed or dashed.

逮捕

taiho — Arrest; being taken into custody by authorities.

された

sareta — Was done to subject; passive past tense form.

気質

kishitsu — Temperament; innate character or disposition.

において

ni oite — In; at; regarding a specific context or place.

信念

shinnen — Belief; conviction held strongly by someone.

革命家

kakumeika — Revolutionary; person who advocates radical political change.

読む

yomu — To read written text or literature.

ため

tame — For the purpose of; in order to do.

集まった

atsumatta — Gathered together; people assembled in one place.

少数

shōsū — Small number; a minority or few people.

若者

wakamono — Young person; youth or young adult.

グループ

gurūpu — Group; a collective of people with shared purpose.

一人

hitori — One person; a single individual.

検閲

ken'etsu — Censorship; official suppression of written materials.

反対

hantai — Opposition; being against something or someone.

会話

kaiwa — Conversation; verbal exchange between two or more people.

加わった

kuwawaita — Joined; participated or took part in something.

から

kara — From; indicating origin or starting point.

手紙

tegami — Letter; written correspondence sent to someone.

印刷所

insatsusho — Printing press or print shop facility.

設立

setsuritsu — Establishment; founding of an organization or facility.

意図

ito — Intention; plan or purpose behind an action.

知って

shitte — Knowing; being aware of certain information.

告発

kokuhatsu — Accusation; formal denunciation to authorities.

一世

issei — First; used after a name to mean 'the First'.

もと

moto — Under; beneath the authority of someone.

呼ぶ

yobu — To call; to refer to someone by a name.

厳格

genkaku — Strict; rigidly severe in manner or judgment.

公正

kōsei — Fair; just and impartial in treatment.

人物

jinbutsu — Person; individual characterized by notable traits.

これ

kore — This; refers to something close to the speaker.

十分

jūbun — Sufficient; enough for a particular purpose.

あり

ari — There is; formal or literary form of aru.

死刑

shikei — Death penalty; capital punishment by execution.

宣告

senkoku — Pronouncement; official declaration of a sentence.