Crime and Punishment — Page 3

Vocabulary

彼

kare — Third-person pronoun referring to a male person.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the sentence topic.

逮捕

taiho — Arrest; taking a person into legal custody.

れる

reru — Auxiliary verb indicating passive or potential voice.

前

mae — Before; in front of; prior to something.

から

kara — Particle meaning from, since, or because.

ある

aru — To exist; to have; indicates existence of inanimate things.

不明瞭

fumeiryō — Unclear; vague; not easily understood or identified.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

神経

shinkei — Nerve; nervous system; sensitivity.

疾患

shikkan — Disease; ailment; medical disorder or condition.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle connecting nouns.

兆候

chōkō — Sign; symptom; early indication of something.

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating direct object.

示し

shimeshi — Showing; indicating; demonstrating something clearly.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential actions.

おり

ori — Humble or neutral form of 'to be'; continuous state.

これ

kore — This; refers to something near the speaker.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle indicating grammatical subject.

やがて

yagate — Before long; eventually; in due course.

激しい

hageshii — Intense; violent; severe; fierce.

てんかん

tenkan — Epilepsy; neurological disorder causing seizures.

発作

hossa — Seizure; sudden attack or fit of illness.

へ

e — Directional particle meaning toward or to.

と

to — Particle meaning and, with, or quotation marker.

発展

hatten — Development; growth; progression into something larger.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of suru; connects clauses or reasons.

その後

sonogo — After that; thereafter; subsequently.

生涯

shōgai — One's lifetime; entire life; lifelong period.

に

ni — Particle indicating location, time, direction, or purpose.

わたって

watatte — Spanning; extending over; throughout a period.

苦しめ

kurushime — Causing suffering; tormenting; afflicting someone.

られる

rareru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix.

こと

koto — Nominalizer turning verbs into noun phrases; fact or thing.

なった

natta — Past tense of naru; became; turned into.

年

nen — Year; counter for years.

三

san — The number three.

四

shi / yon — The number four.

回

kai — Counter for number of times or occurrences.

起こり

okori — Occurring; happening; arising.

極度

kyokudo — Extreme degree; utmost; to the highest extent.

緊張

kinchō — Tension; nervousness; mental or physical strain.

状態

jōtai — State; condition; situation; status.

続く

tsuzuku — To continue; to last; to persist over time.

時期

jiki — Period; time; season; appropriate moment.

より

yori — Particle meaning more than; from; compared to.

頻繁

hinpan — Frequent; occurring often; repeated regularly.

現れ

araware — Appearance; manifestation; emerging into view.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary; indicates completed action.

ロシア

Roshia — Russia; the country in eastern Europe and northern Asia.

帰国

kikoku — Returning to one's home country.

許さ

yurusa — Being permitted; allowed; granted permission.

れた

reta — Past passive suffix; was done to the subject.

雑誌

zasshi — Magazine; periodical publication.

創刊

sōkan — Founding or launching a new publication.

誤解

gokai — Misunderstanding; incorrect interpretation of meaning.

よって

yotte — By means of; due to; because of.

検閲

ken'etsu — Censorship; official inspection or suppression of content.

当局

tōkyoku — Authorities; the officials in charge of something.

発禁

hakkin — Publication ban; prohibition of distributing a work.

処分

shobun — Disposal; disciplinary measure; official sanction.

最初

saisho — First; the very beginning; initially.

妻

tsuma — Wife; one's own spouse.

兄

ani — Older brother; elder male sibling.

亡く

naku — Dying; passing away; no longer living.

した

shita — Past tense of suru; did; completed an action.

ひどい

hidoi — Terrible; severe; awful; very bad.

貧困

hinkon — Poverty; severe lack of money or resources.

中

naka — Inside; amid; in the middle of something.

あった

atta — Past tense of aru; there was; existed.

それ

sore — That; refers to something near the listener.

でも

demo — Even so; nevertheless; but still.

借金

shakkin — Debt; money borrowed that must be repaid.

返済

hensai — Repayment; paying back borrowed money or debt.

自ら

mizukara — Oneself; personally; by one's own initiative.

引き受け

hikiuke — Taking on responsibility; accepting an obligation.

さらに

sara ni — Furthermore; in addition; even more so.

別

betsu — Another; separate; different; distinct.

こちら

kochira — This one; this side; here; polite reference to nearby.

も

mo — Also; too; even; inclusive particle.

数

sū — Several; a number of; few.

ヶ月

kagetsu — Counter for months duration.

うち

uchi — Within; inside; among; during a period.

押しつぶさ

oshitsubusa — Being crushed; overwhelmed; flattened by pressure.

家族

kazoku — Family; one's relatives living together.

養わ

yashinawa — Supporting; providing for; nurturing dependents financially.

なけれ

nakere — Conditional negative; must; if there is not.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning if or when.

なら

nara — Conditional form meaning if it is or in that case.

ず

zu — Classical negative suffix meaning without doing.

胸

mune — Chest; heart; breast; emotional center.

張り裂ける

hariwakeru — To burst; to feel like one's heart is breaking.

よう

yō — Like; as if; appears to be; in the manner of.

速さ

hayasa — Speed; quickness; swiftness.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or limit.

書き

kaki — Writing; act of writing something down.

続ける

tsuzukeru — To continue doing; to keep on; to persist.

強いら

shiira — Being forced or compelled to do something.

自分

jibun — Oneself; one's own self.

作品

sakuhin — Work; literary or artistic creation; piece.

一度

ichido — Once; one time; a single occasion.

校正

kōsei — Proofreading; correcting errors in a manuscript.

なかった

nakatta — Past negative of nai; did not exist; was not done.

言わ

iwa — Saying; it is said; stem of the verb to say.

いる

iru — To be; to exist; indicates ongoing or resultant state.

晩年

bannen — Later years of life; one's final years.

二番目

nibanme — Second; the number two in an ordered sequence.

優し

yasashi — Gentle; kind; tender in character.

献身

kenshin — Devotion; self-sacrifice; dedicated service to another.

大いに

ōi ni — Greatly; considerably; to a large degree.

和らげ

yawarageら — Softening; easing; alleviating pain or hardship.

月

tsuki / gatsu — Month; the moon.

モスクワ

Mosukuwa — Moscow; the capital city of Russia.

行わ

okonawa — Carrying out; conducting; performing an event.

像

zō — Statue; image; sculptural representation of a person.

除幕

jomaku — Unveiling; removing a cover from a new statue.

式

shiki — Ceremony; formal ritual event.

おいて

oite — At; in; upon; indicates location or circumstance.

有名

yūmei — Famous; well-known; widely recognized.

演説

enzetsu — Speech; public address; formal oration.

行い

okonai — Conduct; behavior; carrying out an action.

愛

ai — Love; affection; deep emotional attachment.

敬意

keii — Respect; reverence; esteem shown toward someone.

並外れ

namihazure — Extraordinary; exceptional; far beyond the ordinary.

表明

hyōmei — Expression; declaration; making one's views known.

もって

motte — With; by means of; using something.

迎え

mukae — Welcome; reception; greeting someone upon arrival.

その

sono — That; the aforementioned; used before a noun.

後

nochi / go — After; later; subsequent time.

亡くなっ

nakunat- — Passing away; dying; stem of 亡くなる.

墓

haka — Grave; tomb; burial site.

膨大

bōdai — Enormous; vast; immense in scale or quantity.

弔問

chōmon — Condolence visit; paying respects to the deceased.

者

sha / mono — Person; one who does something; suffix for people.

続き

tsuzuki — Continuation; sequence; following on from something.

彼ら

karera — They; those people; third-person plural pronoun.

不運

fuun — Bad luck; misfortune; ill fate.

男

otoko — Man; male; masculine person.

王

ō — King; monarch; ruler of a kingdom.

ふさわしい

fusawashii — Suitable; fitting; worthy; appropriate for something.

葬儀

sōgi — Funeral; burial ceremony; memorial service.

ささげ

sasage — Offering; dedicating; presenting something reverently.

今

ima — Now; currently; the present moment.

おそらく

osoraku — Probably; perhaps; most likely.

最も

mottomo — Most; the highest degree; superlative marker.

広く

hiroku — Widely; broadly; extensively.

読ま

yoma — Being read; stem of the verb to read.

作家

sakka — Author; writer; literary artist.