Crime and Punishment — Page 1

English → Japanese CHAPTER I Level 8/10

On an exceptionally hot evening early in July a young man came out of the garret in which he lodged in S. Place and walked slowly, as though in hesitation, towards K. bridge.

七月初めのある異常に暑い夕方、S広場の屋根裏部屋に下宿している若い男が外に出て、まるでためらうように、ゆっくりとK橋の方へと歩いていった。

He had successfully avoided meeting his landlady on the staircase.

彼は階段で下宿の女主人に会うのをうまく避けることができた。

His garret was under the roof of a high, five-storied house and was more like a cupboard than a room.

彼の屋根裏部屋は高い五階建ての家の屋根の下にあり、部屋というよりも物入れに近かった。

The landlady who provided him with garret, dinners, and attendance, lived on the floor below, and every time he went out he was obliged to pass her kitchen, the door of which invariably stood open.

屋根裏部屋と食事と世話を提供してくれる女主人は一つ下の階に住んでおり、彼が外出するたびに、常に開いているその台所のドアの前を通らなければならなかった。

And each time he passed, the young man had a sick, frightened feeling, which made him scowl and feel ashamed.

そしてその前を通るたびに、若い男は気分が悪くなり、恐ろしい気持ちになって、顔をしかめ、恥ずかしさを覚えるのだった。

He was hopelessly in debt to his landlady, and was afraid of meeting her.

彼は女主人に対して絶望的なほど借金を抱えており、彼女に会うのを恐れていた。

This was not because he was cowardly and abject, quite the contrary; but for some time past he had been in an overstrained irritable condition, verging on hypochondria.

これは彼が臆病で卑屈だからではなく、むしろその逆であった。しかしこのしばらくの間、彼は極度に緊張した過敏な状態にあり、心気症に近い状態に陥っていた。

He had become so completely absorbed in himself, and isolated from his fellows that he dreaded meeting, not only his landlady, but anyone at all.

彼はすっかり自分自身の中に閉じこもり、周囲の人々から孤立してしまったために、女主人だけでなく、誰に会うことも恐れるようになっていた。

He was crushed by poverty, but the anxieties of his position had of late ceased to weigh upon him.

彼は貧困に打ちひしがれていたが、自分の境遇に対する不安は最近では彼を悩ませなくなっていた。

He had given up attending to matters of practical importance; he had lost all desire to do so.

彼は実際的に重要な事柄に気を向けることをやめてしまっていた。そうしようという欲求を完全に失っていたのだ。

Nothing that any landlady could do had a real terror for him.

どんな女主人にできることも、彼にとって本当の恐怖にはならなかった。

Vocabulary

七月: shichigatsu — The seventh month of the year, July.
初め: hajime — The beginning or start of something.
の: no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.
ある: aru — To exist; to be (for inanimate things).
異常: ijō — Abnormal; unusual; out of the ordinary.
に: ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or manner.
暑い: atsui — Hot (referring to weather or air temperature).
夕方: yūgata — Evening; the time around dusk.
広場: hiroba — A public square or open plaza.
屋根裏: yaneura — Attic; the space directly under the roof.
部屋: heya — A room inside a building.
下宿: geshuku — Lodging house; renting a room with meals provided.
し: shi — Conjunctive form of する (to do), connecting clauses.
て: te — Conjunctive particle linking sequential or concurrent actions.
いる: iru — To be; to exist (for animate beings).
若い: wakai — Young; of a youthful age.
男: otoko — A man; a male person.
が: ga — Subject-marking particle in Japanese sentences.
外: soto — Outside; the exterior of a place.
出: de — Going out; exit (stem of 出る, to go out).
まるで: marude — Just like; as if; completely resembling something.
ためらう: tamerau — To hesitate; to waver before taking action.
よう: yō — Appearing as if; seeming like something.
ゆっくり: yukkuri — Slowly; in an unhurried or leisurely manner.
と: to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker.
橋: hashi — A bridge spanning a river or gap.
方: hō — Direction; way; side toward something.
へ: e — Directional particle indicating movement toward something.
歩い: arui — Walked; past conjunctive stem of 歩く (to walk).
いっ: it- — Contracted stem of 行く (to go), before た.
た: ta — Past tense auxiliary; indicates completed action.
彼: kare — He; third-person masculine pronoun.
は: wa — Topic-marking particle highlighting the sentence subject.
階段: kaidan — Stairs; a staircase inside or outside a building.
で: de — Particle indicating location of action or means.
女: onna — A woman; a female person.
主人: shujin — Landlord; master; head of a household.
会う: au — To meet; to encounter someone.
を: o — Object-marking particle indicating direct object.
うまく: umaku — Skillfully; successfully; in a clever manner.
避ける: sakeru — To avoid; to evade or keep away from.
こと: koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer turning verbs into nouns.
でき: deki — Can; be able to (stem of できる, to be able).
高い: takai — High; tall; expensive.
五: go — The number five.
階建て: kaidате — Number of floors in a building (e.g., five-story).
家: ie — House; home; residence.
屋根: yane — Roof; the top covering of a building.
下: shita — Below; underneath; the lower part of something.
あり: ari — There is/was; conjunctive form of ある (to exist).
いう: iu — To say; to call; to be described as.
より: yori — Than; compared to; more so than something.
も: mo — Also; even; too; particle adding emphasis or inclusion.
物入れ: monoire — Storage closet; a small room or space for storing things.
近かっ: chikakat- — Was close/near; past stem of 近い (to be near).
食事: shokuji — A meal; the act of eating food.
世話: sewa — Care; looking after someone; assistance provided.
提供: teikyō — To offer; to provide; to supply something to someone.
くれる: kureru — To give (to me/us); to do a favor for.
一つ: hitotsu — One (thing); the number one for counting objects.
階: kai — Floor; story of a building.
住ん: sun- — Living (in); conjunctive stem of 住む (to reside).
おり: ori — Being; conjunctive form of おる (humble form of いる).
外出: gaishutsu — Going out; leaving the house or building.
する: suru — To do; general-purpose action verb.
たび: tabi — Each time; whenever a certain action occurs.
常: tsune — Always; constantly; habitually.
開い: hiraи — Open; conjunctive stem of 開く (to open).
その: sono — That (near the listener); a demonstrative adjective.
台所: daidokoro — Kitchen; the room where cooking takes place.
ドア: doa — Door; an entryway to a room (loanword).
前: mae — Front; before; in front of something.
通ら: tōra- — Pass through; negative stem of 通る (to pass).
なけれ: nakere- — Must; negative conditional stem used before ば.
ば: ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'.
なら: nara — If; conditional form indicating a hypothetical situation.
なかっ: nakat- — Did not; past negative stem of ない (not).
そして: soshite — And then; furthermore; connecting sequential events.
通る: tōru — To pass through; to go along a route.
気分: kibun — Mood; feeling; one's emotional or physical state.
悪く: waruku — Badly; in a bad way; adverb form of 悪い.
なり: nari — Become; conjunctive stem of なる (to become).
恐ろしい: osoroshii — Frightening; terrible; causing great fear or dread.
気持ち: kimochi — Feeling; sensation; one's emotional state.
なっ: nat- — Became; past conjunctive stem of なる (to become).
顔: kao — Face; one's facial expression or appearance.
しかめ: shikame — Frown; to grimace or wrinkle one's face.
恥ずかし: hazukashi- — Embarrassing; shameful; causing one to feel shame.
さ: sa — Nominalizing suffix turning adjectives into nouns.
覚える: oboeru — To feel; to memorize; to become aware of something.
だっ: dat- — Was; past form of だ (copula, to be).
対し: taishi — Toward; in relation to; facing or regarding something.
絶望: zetsubō — Despair; complete hopelessness; loss of all hope.
的: teki — Suffix meaning '-like', '-ish', or '-al' (adjectival).
な: na — Adjectival copula linking な-adjectives to nouns.
ほど: hodo — To the extent that; as much as; approximately.
借金: shakkin — Debt; money owed to someone or an institution.
抱え: kakae — To carry; to hold; to bear a burden or problem.
彼女: kanojo — She; her; also used as 'girlfriend'.
恐れ: osore — Fear; dread; apprehension about something threatening.
い: i — Continuous stem of いる (to be/exist continuously).
これ: kore — This; the thing close to the speaker.
臆病: okubyō — Cowardice; timidity; being easily frightened.
卑屈: hikutsu — Servile; self-deprecating; excessively submissive.
だ: da — Copula; assertive sentence-ending particle meaning 'is'.
から: kara — Because; from; indicating reason or origin.
なく: naku — Not being; conjunctive negative form of ない.
むしろ: mushiro — Rather; on the contrary; preferably.
逆: gyaku — Opposite; reverse; the contrary of something.
あっ: at- — Was; conjunctive past stem of ある (to be/exist).
しかし: shikashi — However; but; a conjunction introducing contrast.
この: kono — This (near the speaker); demonstrative adjective.
しばらく: shibaraku — For a while; for some time; temporarily.
間: aida — Period; interval; the space or time between things.
極度: kyokudo — Extreme degree; to the utmost extent possible.
緊張: kinchō — Tension; nervousness; being in a state of stress.
過敏: kabin — Hypersensitivity; being excessively sensitive or reactive.
状態: jōtai — State; condition; the current situation of something.
心気症: shinki-shō — Hypochondria; excessive anxiety about one's health.
近い: chikai — Near; close; not far in distance or degree.
陥っ: ochit- — Fell into; became trapped in (a state or situation).
すっかり: sukkari — Completely; entirely; thoroughly changed or done.
自分: jibun — Oneself; one's own self; a reflexive pronoun.
自身: jishin — Oneself; emphasizes personal identity or self.
中: naka — Inside; within; the interior of something.
閉じこもり: tojikomori — Shutting oneself in; becoming a recluse indoors.
周囲: shūi — Surroundings; the area or people around someone.
人々: hitobito — People; various persons; people in general.
孤立: koritsu — Isolation; being cut off from others socially.
しまっ: shimat- — Ended up (doing); regrettable completion of an action.
ため: tame — Because of; for the sake of; due to.
だけ: dake — Only; just; no more than a certain amount.
誰: dare — Who; which person; anyone.
恐れる: osoreru — To fear; to be afraid of someone or something.
貧困: hinkon — Poverty; the state of being very poor.
打ち: uchi- — Strike; hit; prefix combining with following verb.
ひしが: hishiga- — To be crushed; overwhelmed (stem of ひしがれる).
れ: re — Passive/potential suffix; part of passive verb ending.
境遇: kyōgū — Circumstances; one's life situation or personal lot.
対する: taisuru — To face; to be directed toward; regarding something.
不安: fuan — Anxiety; unease; a sense of worry or insecurity.
最近: saikin — Recently; lately; in the near past or present.
悩ま: nayama- — Troubled; tormented (stem of 悩む, to worry).
せ: se — Causative suffix; making someone else do something.
実際: jissai — Actually; in reality; in practice; the real situation.
重要: jūyō — Important; significant; of great consequence.
事柄: kotogara — Matter; affair; a particular thing or subject.
気: ki — Spirit; mind; attention; feeling or mood.
向ける: mukeru — To direct; to turn attention or focus toward something.
やめ: yame — Quitting; stopping (stem of やめる, to quit/stop).
そう: sō — So; that way; appearing or seeming like that.
しよう: shiyō — Let's do; volitional form of する (to do).
欲求: yokkyū — Desire; urge; a strong want or drive for something.
完全: kanzen — Complete; perfect; total; without any deficiency.
失っ: ushinat- — Lost; past stem of 失う (to lose something).
どんな: donna — What kind of; what sort of; any type of.
できる: dekiru — To be able to; to be capable of doing something.
とっ: tot- — Taking; past stem of 取る (to take/grab).
本当: hontō — True; real; genuine; in reality.
恐怖: kyōfu — Terror; intense fear; overwhelming dread or horror.

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