Crime and Punishment — Page 3

Vocabulary

街

machi / gai — Town, city street, or urban district.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

暑さ

atsusa — Heat, hotness; degree of hot temperature.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the sentence subject.

ひどい

hidoi — Terrible, awful, severe, or cruel in nature.

もの

mono — Thing, object; used for emphasis or explanation.

だった

datta — Past tense copula; was, were (plain form).

そして

soshite — And then, and also; connects sequential events.

息苦し

ikigurushi — Suffocating, stifling; hard to breathe (stem form).

さ

sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives into abstract nouns.

喧騒

kensō — Noise, commotion, hustle and bustle of crowds.

足場

ashiba — Scaffolding; footing or staging used in construction.

煉瓦

renga — Brick; fired clay block used for construction.

周囲

shūi — Surroundings, circumference, area around something.

に

ni — Particle indicating location, direction, or target.

漂う

tadayou — To drift, float, or waft through the air.

埃

hokori — Dust, dirt particles floating or settled on surfaces.

さらに

sarani — Furthermore, in addition, even more so.

夏

natsu — Summer season of the year.

町

machi — Town, neighborhood, local urban district.

を

wo / o — Object-marking particle indicating direct object.

出る

deru — To exit, leave, or come out of a place.

こと

koto — Thing, fact, act; nominalizes verbs into nouns.

でき

deki — Can, be able to (stem of できる, dekiru).

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary; not, does not exist.

人々

hitobito — People, various persons, folks in general.

馴染み

najimi — Familiarity, acquaintance; something well-known or familiar.

深い

fukai — Deep, profound, intense in degree or extent.

あの

ano — That (over there); refers to mutually known thing.

特有

tokuyū — Characteristic, peculiar to, unique feature of something.

悪臭

akushū — Bad smell, foul odor, stench.

これら

korera — These things; plural demonstrative pronoun for nearby items.

すべて

subete — All, everything, every single one.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle identifying grammatical subject.

すでに

sudeni — Already, by now, at this point in time.

神経

shinkei — Nerves; nervous system or mental sensitivity.

すり減らし

surinherashi — Wearing down, fraying; depleting nerves or energy.

て

te — Connective particle linking sequential or causal clauses.

い

i — Continuation auxiliary (いる iru stem); ongoing state.

た

ta — Past tense suffix indicating completed action.

その

sono — That, the; demonstrative adjective for nearby noun.

青年

seinen — Young man, youth, young adult male.

苦しい

kurushii — Painful, agonizing, distressing, hard to bear.

ほど

hodo — To the extent that, as much as, degree.

重み

omomi — Weight, heaviness; gravity or significance of something.

と

to — And, with; quotation or conjunction particle.

なって

natte — Becoming, turning into (te-form of なる naru).

かかっ

kakatte / kakatt- — Weighing on, pressing against (stem of かかる kakaru).

一角

ikkaku / ichikaku — One corner, a certain area or district.

とりわけ

toriwake — Especially, particularly, above all others.

多く

ōku — Many, much, a large number of things.

立ち並ぶ

tachinараbu — To stand in a row, line up along street.

居酒屋

izakaya — Japanese pub, tavern serving alcohol and food.

から

kara — From, because of; indicates source or cause.

耐え

tae — Enduring, bearing, tolerating (stem of 耐える taeru).

がたい

gatai — Difficult to do, hard to endure (suffix).

平日

heijitsu — Weekday, ordinary workday, non-holiday day.

も

mo — Also, even, too; inclusive or emphatic particle.

かかわらず

kakawarazu — Despite, regardless of, notwithstanding a condition.

絶えず

taezu — Constantly, ceaselessly, without interruption.

行き交う

yukikau — To come and go, pass back and forth.

酔っぱらい

yopparai — Drunkard, intoxicated person, drunk individual.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings.

この

kono — This; demonstrative adjective for nearby noun.

忌まわしい

imawashii — Abominable, detestable, ominous, deeply repulsive.

惨めな

mijimena — Miserable, wretched, pitiful, in deplorable condition.

光景

kōkei — Scene, sight, spectacle witnessed by observer.

締めくくっ

shimekukutte / shimekukutt- — Concluding, summing up, rounding off a scene.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

顔

kao — Face, facial features, expression.

嫌悪

ken'o — Disgust, loathing, strong aversion or repulsion.

表情

hyōjō — Facial expression, look on someone's face.

一瞬

isshun — One instant, a brief moment, split second.

浮かん

ukan — Floating up, appearing (stem of 浮かぶ ukabu).

だ

da — Copula; is, am, are (plain present form).

ちなみに

chinamini — Incidentally, by the way, as an aside.

彼

kare — He, him; third-person masculine pronoun.

非常

hijō — Extremely, very, exceptional degree or level.

美男子

bidanshi — Handsome man, good-looking male, attractive young man.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or copula.

平均

heikin — Average, mean value, standard measurement.

より

yori — Than, more than; comparative particle.

背

se / sei — Height, stature; one's back or height of body.

高く

takaku — Tall, high (adverbial form of 高い takai).

すらり

surari — Slender, slim, gracefully lean in physique.

した

shita — Did; past tense of する suru, or 'shaped like'.

体つき

karadatsuki — Build, physique, bodily figure or frame.

して

shite — Doing (te-form of する suru); connecting actions.

おり

ori — Being, existing (humble/literary form of いる iru).

美しい

utsukushii — Beautiful, lovely, aesthetically pleasing.

黒い

kuroi — Black, dark-colored.

瞳

hitomi — Pupil of the eye; eyes, gaze.

濃い

koi — Dark, deep, thick, rich in color or density.

褐色

kasshoku — Brown color, brownish hue.

髪

kami — Hair, especially hair on one's head.

持っ

motte / mott- — Having, holding, possessing (stem of 持つ motsu).

やがて

yagate — Before long, eventually, in due time.

物思い

monoomoi — Deep thought, contemplation, brooding, reverie.

沈ん

shizun — Sinking into, becoming absorbed in (stem of 沈む).

いや

iya — No, rather; correction or strong negation.

正確

seikaku — Accurate, precise, exact, correct.

言えば

ieba — If one says, speaking of, to put it accurately.

完全

kanzen — Complete, perfect, total, utter.

虚脱

kyodatsu — Prostration, collapse, total exhaustion, lethargy.

状態

jōtai — State, condition, situation, status.

陥っ

おちい(tte) / ochii(tt-) — Falling into, sinking into a condition (stem of 陥る).

目

me — Eye; also used in compounds for perception.

入れる

ireru — To put in, insert; here: to notice or register.

なく

naku — Without, not doing (adverbial negative form).

また

mata — Again, also, moreover, additionally.

入れよう

ireyō — Volitional form of 入れる; intending or trying to notice.

せず

sezu — Without doing; negative conjunctive of する suru.

ただ

tada — Just, merely, only, simply.

歩き

aruki — Walking (stem/noun form of 歩く aruku).

続け

tsuzuke — Continuing (stem of 続ける tsuzukeru); kept on doing.

ときおり

tokiori — Occasionally, now and then, from time to time.

ぶつぶつ

butsubutsu — Grumbling, muttering; murmuring under one's breath.

何か

nanika — Something, anything; an unspecified thing.

呟い

tsubuyai — Muttered, whispered (stem of 呟く tsubuyaku).

それ

sore — That, it; referring to something previously mentioned.

先ほど

sakihodo — A little while ago, earlier, previously.

自分

jibun — Oneself, one's own self; reflexive pronoun.

認め

mitome — Acknowledging, admitting, recognizing (stem of 認める).

独り言

hitorigoto — Talking to oneself, monologue, soliloquy.

言う

iu / yuu — To say, speak, tell, utter.

癖

kuse — Habit, tendency, quirk, mannerism.

よる

yoru — To be due to, caused by, depend on.

だっ

datt- — Past copula stem (だった datta contracted); was.

そういう

sōiu — Such, that kind of, like that.

瞬間

shunkan — Moment, instant, the very second something occurs.

考え

kangae — Thought, idea, thinking (noun/stem of 考える).

とき

toki — Time, moment, when; indicating a point in time.

混乱

konran — Confusion, disorder, chaos, disarray.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of する suru; also lists reasons.

いる

iru — To be, to exist (for animate beings).

衰弱

suijaku — Weakness, debilitation, physical or mental exhaustion.

気づい

kizui — Noticing, realizing (stem of 気づく kizuku).

二日間

futsukakan — Period of two days, two-day duration.

ほとんど

hotondo — Almost, nearly, mostly, for the most part.

何

nani / nan — What; interrogative pronoun for unknown things.

口

kuchi — Mouth; also entrance or opening.

なかっ

nakatt- — Past negative stem (なかった nakatta); had not been.

服装

fukusō — Clothing, attire, outfit, manner of dressing.

ひどく

hidoku — Terribly, awfully, extremely (adverb of ひどい).

粗末

somatsu — Crude, shabby, poor quality, rough treatment.

みすぼらしい

misuborashii — Shabby, wretched-looking, seedy, dilapidated in appearance.

身なり

minari — Personal appearance, dress, attire, how one looks.

慣れ

nare — Being accustomed to, used to (stem of 慣れる nareru).

者

mono / sha — Person, one who does something; individual.

さえ

sae — Even, as long as; emphatic or conditional particle.

よう

yō — Seems like, appears to be; volitional or simile form.

ボロ

boro — Rags, tatters, worn-out clothing or object.

まとっ

matott- — Wearing, wrapped in (stem of まとう matou).

歩く

aruku — To walk, to go on foot.

恥じ

haji — Shame, embarrassment (stem of 恥じる hajiru).

であろう

dearō — Probably is, would be (formal presumptive copula).

しかし

shikashi — However, but, nevertheless, yet.

どれほど

dorehodo — How much, to what extent, how greatly.

誰

dare — Who; interrogative pronoun for a person.

驚き

odoroki — Surprise, astonishment, amazement, shock.