Crime and Punishment — Page 1

Vocabulary

CRIME

An illegal act punishable by law

E

Conjunction meaning 'and'

CASTIGO

Punishment or penalty for wrongdoing

Por

Preposition meaning 'by' or 'for'

Traduzido

Translated from one language to another

por

Preposition meaning 'by' or 'for'

PREFÁCIO

Introductory section at the beginning of a book

DO

Contraction of 'de' and 'o', meaning 'of the'

TRADUTOR

A person who translates texts between languages

Algumas

Some or a few, feminine plural form

palavras

Words or spoken units of language

sobre

Preposition meaning 'about' or 'on'

o

Masculine singular definite article meaning 'the'

próprio

Own or oneself, indicating personal ownership

podem

Third person plural of 'poder', meaning 'can'

ajudar

To help or assist someone with something

leitor

A person who reads books or texts

inglês

English language or a person from England

a

Feminine definite article or preposition 'to'

compreender

To understand or comprehend something fully

sua

Possessive pronoun meaning 'his', 'her', or 'your'

obra

A literary or artistic work or creation

era

Past tense of 'ser', meaning 'was'

filho

A male child or son of parents

de

Preposition meaning 'of' or 'from'

um

Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one'

médico

A doctor who practices medicine professionally

Seus

Possessive pronoun meaning 'his', 'her', or 'their'

pais

Parents, referring to mother and father together

eram

Past tense plural of 'ser', meaning 'were'

pessoas

People or persons in general

muito

Very or a lot, indicating high degree

trabalhadoras

Hard-working people, feminine plural form

profundamente

Deeply or profoundly, to a great extent

religiosas

Religious, devoted to faith and worship

mas

Conjunction meaning 'but', indicating contrast

tão

So or as, used in comparisons of degree

pobres

Poor, lacking financial resources or wealth

que

Conjunction or pronoun meaning 'that' or 'which'

viviam

Past tense of 'viver', meaning 'they lived'

com

Preposition meaning 'with'

cinco

The number five

filhos

Children or sons of a family

em

Preposition meaning 'in' or 'at'

apenas

Only or just, indicating a small amount

dois

The number two, masculine form

quartos

Rooms in a house, especially bedrooms

O

Masculine singular definite article meaning 'the'

pai

Father, the male parent of a child

mãe

Mother, the female parent of a child

passavam

Past tense of 'passar', meaning 'they spent'

as

Feminine plural definite article meaning 'the'

noites

Nights, the hours of darkness

lendo

Gerund of 'ler', meaning 'reading'

voz

Voice, the sound produced by speaking

alta

Loud or high, feminine form of 'alto'

para

Preposition meaning 'for' or 'to'

geralmente

Generally or usually, in most cases

livros

Books, written or printed literary works

caráter

Character or nature of a person or thing

sério

Serious, not playful or lighthearted in nature

Embora

Although or even though, indicating concession

sempre

Always, at all times without exception

fraco

Weak or feeble, lacking physical strength

delicado

Delicate or fragile, requiring careful handling

ficou

Past tense of 'ficar', meaning 'he stayed/became'

terceiro

Third, the ordinal number following second

lugar

Place or position in a ranking or space

no

Contraction of 'em' and 'o', meaning 'in the'

exame

Exam or test assessing knowledge or skills

final

Final or last, at the end of something

da

Contraction of 'de' and 'a', meaning 'of the'

escola

School, an institution for education and learning

Engenharia

Engineering, the field of technical design

Lá

There, indicating a place at a distance

ele

Third person singular pronoun meaning 'he'

já

Already or now, indicating prior completion

havia

Past tense auxiliary 'had', used in compound tenses

começado

Past participle of 'começar', meaning 'started'

primeira

First, the ordinal number, feminine form

Gente

People or folk, referring to a group

Pobre

Poor, lacking money or resources

Esta

Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this', feminine form

história

Story or history, a narrative of events

foi

Past tense of 'ser' or 'ir', meaning 'was/went'

publicada

Published, made available to the public

pelo

Contraction of 'por' and 'o', meaning 'by the'

poeta

A poet, someone who writes poetry

revista

Magazine or review, a periodical publication

recebida

Received or welcomed, past participle of 'receber'

aclamações

Acclamations or cheers, enthusiastic public praise

jovem

Young person or youth, adjective meaning young

tímido

Shy or timid, lacking confidence socially

desconhecido

Unknown or unfamiliar person or thing

se

Reflexive pronoun meaning 'himself' or 'oneself'

viu

Past tense of 'ver', meaning 'he saw'

instantaneamente

Instantly or immediately, without any delay

como

As or like, used in comparisons

uma

Feminine indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one'

espécie

Kind or sort, a type or species

celebridade

Celebrity, a famous or widely recognized person

Uma

Feminine indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one'

carreira

Career or profession, one's occupational path

brilhante

Brilliant or shining, exceptionally talented or bright

bem-sucedida

Successful, having achieved desired goals or outcomes

parecia

Past tense of 'parecer', meaning 'seemed'

abrir

To open or unfold, revealing new possibilities

diante

Before or in front of, indicating position ahead

dele

Contraction of 'de' and 'ele', meaning 'of him'

essas

Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'those', feminine plural

esperanças

Hopes or expectations for the future

logo

Soon or immediately, in a short time

foram

Past tense plural of 'ser', meaning 'were'

frustradas

Frustrated or thwarted, prevented from succeeding

Em

Preposition meaning 'in' or 'at'

preso

Arrested or imprisoned, past participle of 'prender'

não

No or not, used for negation

fosse

Past subjunctive of 'ser', meaning 'were'

revolucionário

Revolutionary, advocating for radical political change

nem

Neither or nor, used for negative conjunction

temperamento

Temperament or disposition, one's natural character

convicção

Conviction or firm belief in something

fazia

Past imperfect of 'fazer', meaning 'was doing'

parte

Part or portion of a larger whole

pequeno

Small or little in size or quantity

grupo

Group, a number of people together

jovens

Young people or youths, plural of 'jovem'

reuniam

Past tense of 'reunir', meaning 'they gathered'

ler

To read, the act of reading text

Ele

Third person singular pronoun meaning 'he'

acusado

Accused or charged with an offense

tomar

To take or drink, a common action verb

conversas

Conversations or talks between people

contra

Against, in opposition to something or someone

censura

Censorship, suppression of information or expression

carta

Letter, a written message sent to someone

ter

To have, a common auxiliary or main verb

conhecimento

Knowledge or awareness of something

intenção

Intention or purpose behind an action

instalar

To install or set up something in a place

tipografia

Typography or printing press establishment

Sob

Preposition meaning 'under' or 'beneath'

aquele

Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'that', masculine form

homem

Man or human being, adult male person

severo

Severe or strict, very harsh in manner

justo

Just or fair, acting with fairness and equity

chama

Calls or names, third person singular of 'chamar'

isso

Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'that' or 'this'

suficiente

Sufficient or enough, meeting the required amount

condenado

Condemned or sentenced, declared guilty of crime

à

Contraction of 'a' and 'a', meaning 'to the'

morte

Death, the end of life