Crime and Punishment — Page 3

Vocabulary

Ele

Third person singular masculine pronoun meaning 'he'

havia

Past tense of 'haver'; had, used as auxiliary verb

demonstrado

Past participle of demonstrar; shown or demonstrated

sinais

Plural of sinal; signs or symptoms of something

de

Preposition meaning 'of' or 'from'

uma

Feminine indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an'

doença

Illness or disease affecting a person

nervosa

Adjective meaning nervous or relating to the nerves

obscura

Adjective meaning obscure, unknown, or mysterious

antes

Adverb or preposition meaning 'before' in time

sua

Possessive pronoun meaning 'his', 'her', or 'your'

prisão

Prison or the act of imprisonment or arrest

e

Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses

esta

Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' in feminine form

se

Reflexive pronoun or conditional conjunction meaning 'if'

desenvolveu

Past tense of desenvolver; developed or progressed into

em

Preposition meaning 'in', 'at', or 'into'

violentos

Adjective meaning violent or severe in nature

ataques

Plural of ataque; attacks or seizures of a condition

epilepsia

Medical condition characterized by recurring epileptic seizures

dos

Contraction of 'de' and 'os'; of the (masculine plural)

quais

Relative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'whom' (plural)

sofreu

Past tense of sofrer; suffered or endured something painful

pelo

Contraction of 'por' and 'o'; for the or through the

resto

Remainder or rest of something, as in remaining time

vida

Life, existence, or the course of one's living

As

Feminine plural definite article meaning 'the'

crises

Plural of crise; crises, episodes, or critical moments

ocorriam

Imperfect past of ocorrer; used to occur or happen

três

The number three in Portuguese

ou

Conjunction meaning 'or', presenting an alternative option

quatro

The number four in Portuguese

vezes

Plural of vez; times, as in occurrences or instances

por

Preposition meaning 'per', 'by', 'for', or 'through'

ano

Year, a period of twelve months

eram

Imperfect past of ser; they were (third person plural)

mais

Adverb meaning 'more' or 'most', indicating greater degree

frequentes

Adjective meaning frequent or occurring often (plural)

períodos

Plural of período; periods or spans of time

grande

Adjective meaning great, large, or significant in size

tensão

Tension, stress, or emotional strain experienced

Em

Preposition meaning 'in' or 'at', indicating time or place

foi-lhe

'Foi' plus 'lhe'; he/she was granted or allowed something

permitido

Past participle of permitir; permitted or allowed to do

retornar

To return or go back to a previous place

à

Contraction of 'a' and 'a'; to the (feminine singular)

fundou

Past tense of fundar; founded or established an organization

um

Masculine indefinite article or number meaning 'a' or 'one'

periódico

A periodical publication such as a journal or magazine

que

Relative pronoun or conjunction meaning 'that' or 'which'

foi

Past tense of ser or ir; was or went

proibido

Past participle of proibir; prohibited or banned officially

pela

Contraction of 'por' and 'a'; by the (feminine singular)

Censura

Censorship, official suppression of published material

devido

Adjective meaning due to or owing to a cause

a

Preposition or feminine article meaning 'to', 'a', or 'the'

mal-entendido

Misunderstanding, a failure to correctly interpret something

perdeu

Past tense of perder; lost someone or something

primeira

Feminine ordinal meaning 'first' in sequence or order

esposa

Wife, a female spouse in a marriage

irmão

Brother, a male sibling in a family

Estava

Imperfect past of estar; was (in a state or condition)

terrível

Adjective meaning terrible or dreadful in degree

pobreza

Poverty or the state of being extremely poor

mas

Conjunction meaning 'but', indicating contrast or exception

assumiu

Past tense of assumir; assumed or took on responsibility

para

Preposition meaning 'for', 'to', or 'in order to'

si

Reflexive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'oneself'

o

Masculine definite article meaning 'the'

pagamento

Payment or the act of paying a debt or bill

das

Contraction of 'de' and 'as'; of the (feminine plural)

dívidas

Plural of dívida; debts owed to creditors or others

outro

Pronoun or adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'

A

Feminine definite article meaning 'the'

Época

Epoch or era; also a periodical publication name here

poucos

Adjective meaning 'few' or 'a small number of'

meses

Plural of mês; months of the calendar year

também

Adverb meaning 'also', 'too', or 'as well'

sobrecarregado

Past participle of sobrecarregar; overburdened or overwhelmed

família

Family, a group of related people living together

dependia

Imperfect past of depender; depended on someone or something

dele

Contraction of 'de' and 'ele'; of him or from him

era

Imperfect past of ser; was (describing state or identity)

obrigado

Forced or obliged; also used to mean 'thank you'

escrever

Infinitive meaning to write, to compose written text

velocidade

Speed or velocity at which something is done or moves

angustiante

Adjective meaning distressing, anguishing, or causing anxiety

dizem

Third person plural of dizer; they say or it is said

jamais

Adverb meaning 'never' or 'ever', often in negative context

corrigiu

Past tense of corrigir; corrected or revised written work

trabalho

Work, labor, or a piece of written or creative work

Os

Masculine plural definite article meaning 'the'

últimos

Adjective meaning 'last' or 'final' (masculine plural)

anos

Plural of ano; years of time or age

foram

Past tense of ser or ir; were or they went

muito

Adverb or adjective meaning 'very', 'much', or 'a lot'

amenizados

Past participle of amenizar; softened, eased, or alleviated

ternura

Tenderness, warmth, or gentle affection toward someone

devoção

Devotion, strong love, loyalty, or religious dedication

segunda

Feminine ordinal meaning 'second'; also Monday in Portuguese

junho

June, the sixth month of the calendar year

fez

Past tense of fazer; made or did something

famoso

Adjective meaning famous, well-known, or celebrated

discurso

Speech or discourse delivered formally to an audience

na

Contraction of 'em' and 'a'; in the (feminine singular)

inauguração

Inauguration or opening ceremony of a monument or building

do

Contraction of 'de' and 'o'; of the (masculine singular)

monumento

Monument, a structure built to commemorate a person or event

recebido

Past participle of receber; received or welcomed by others

com

Preposition meaning 'with', indicating accompaniment or manner

extraordinárias

Adjective meaning extraordinary or exceptional (feminine plural)

demonstrações

Plural of demonstração; demonstrations or displays of emotion

amor

Love, deep affection felt for a person or thing

honra

Honor, high respect and esteem given to someone

Alguns

Pronoun or adjective meaning 'some' or 'a few'

depois

Adverb meaning 'after' or 'afterwards' in time

morreu

Past tense of morrer; died or passed away

seguido

Past participle of seguir; followed by others afterward

até

Preposition meaning 'until', 'up to', or 'as far as'

túmulo

Tomb or grave where a deceased person is buried

vasta

Adjective meaning vast or very large in number or extent

multidão

A crowd or large group of people gathered together

enlutados

People in mourning, dressed in black or grieving

deram

Past tense of dar; they gave something to someone

ao

Contraction of 'a' and 'o'; to the (masculine singular)

infeliz

Adjective meaning unhappy, unfortunate, or wretched

homem

Man, an adult male human being

funeral

Funeral, the ceremony held after a person's death

rei

King, a male monarch or ruler of a kingdom

é

Third person singular of ser; is (permanent state or identity)

ainda

Adverb meaning 'still', 'yet', or 'even' in context

provavelmente

Adverb meaning 'probably' or 'most likely'

escritor

Writer or author who produces literary works professionally

amplamente

Adverb meaning 'widely' or 'broadly' across a large scope

lido

Past participle of ler; read by a person or audience