Great Expectations — Page 1
My father's family name being Pirrip, and my Christian name Philip, my infant tongue could make of both names nothing longer or more explicit than Pip.
父の姓はピリップで、私のクリスチャン・ネームはフィリップであったが、幼い頃の私の舌は、その両方の名前からピップより長いか、あるいはより明確なものを作り出すことができなかった。
So, I called myself Pip, and came to be called Pip.
そこで、私は自分をピップと呼び、ピップと呼ばれるようになった。
I give Pirrip as my father's family name, on the authority of his tombstone and my sister,—Mrs. Joe Gargery, who married the blacksmith.
父の姓をピリップとするのは、父の墓石と私の姉——鍛冶屋と結婚したジョー・ガジャリー夫人——の証言に基づいている。
As I never saw my father or my mother, and never saw any likeness of either of them (for their days were long before the days of photographs), my first fancies regarding what they were like were unreasonably derived from their tombstones.
私は父にも母にも会ったことがなく、また二人のどちらの肖像も見たことがなかったので（二人が生きていた時代は写真の時代よりずっと前のことだったから）、二人がどのような人物だったかについての最初の空想は、理不尽にも二人の墓石から引き出されたものだった。
The shape of the letters on my father's, gave me an odd idea that he was a square, stout, dark man, with curly black hair.
父の墓石に刻まれた文字の形から、私は父が四角くて、がっしりとした、浅黒い、縮れた黒髪を持つ男だったという奇妙な印象を受けた。
From the character and turn of the inscription, "_Also Georgiana Wife of the Above_," I drew a childish conclusion that my mother was freckled and sickly.
「同じく、上記の者の妻ジョージアナ」という碑文の文字の特徴と流れから、私は母がそばかすだらけで病弱だったという子供らしい結論を引き出した。
To five little stone lozenges, each about a foot and a half long, which were arranged in a neat row beside their grave, and were sacred to the memory of five little brothers of mine,—who gave up trying to get a living, exceedingly early in that universal struggle,—I am indebted for a belief I religiously entertained that they had all been born on their backs with their hands in their trousers-pockets, and had never taken them out in this state of existence.
二人の墓の傍らに整然と並べられた、それぞれ約一フィート半の長さの五つの小さな石板——それらは、あの万人に共通の生存競争において、生計を立てようとする試みを極めて早い時期に諦めてしまった、私の五人の幼い兄弟たちの記念に捧げられていた——のおかげで、私は彼らが皆ズボンのポケットに手を入れたまま仰向けに生まれてきて、この世に生きている間ずっとその手を出さなかったのだという信念を、敬虔な気持ちで抱き続けていた。
Vocabulary
- 父
- chichi — Father; one's own father.
- の
- no — Possessive or linking particle in Japanese grammar.
- 姓
- sei — Family name; surname passed down through generations.
- は
- wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the sentence topic.
- で
- de — Particle indicating means, location, or copula form.
- 私
- watashi — First-person pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'.
- ネーム
- nēmu — Loanword meaning 'name', often 'given name'.
- あっ
- a — Exclamation expressing surprise or sudden realization.
- た
- ta — Past tense auxiliary verb ending in Japanese.
- が
- ga — Subject marker particle or conjunctive meaning 'but'.
- 幼い
- osanai — Young, infantile; describing a very young child.
- 頃
- koro — Around a certain time; approximate period or age.
- 舌
- shita — Tongue; the muscular organ inside the mouth.
- その
- sono — Demonstrative meaning 'that' or 'those' near listener.
- 両方
- ryōhō — Both sides; both of two things together.
- 名前
- namae — Name; a person's given or full name.
- から
- kara — From; because; particle indicating origin or reason.
- より
- yori — Than; compared to; indicating comparison or origin.
- 長い
- nagai — Long in length or duration; not short.
- か
- ka — Question particle or disjunctive meaning 'or'.
- あるいは
- aruiwa — Or; alternatively; expressing a choice between options.
- 明確
- meikaku — Clear, definite, unambiguous; well-defined and precise.
- な
- na — Adjectival linking particle; also prohibition marker.
- もの
- mono — Thing; object; also used to soften explanations.
- を
- wo — Object marker particle indicating the direct object.
- 作り出す
- tsukuridasu — To create, produce, or generate something new.
- こと
- koto — Thing, fact, or act; nominalizer in grammar.
- でき
- deki — Stem of 'dekiru'; to be able to do.
- なかっ
- nakatta — Past negative form; was not able or did not.
- そこ
- soko — There; that place; referring to a nearby location.
- 自分
- jibun — Oneself; reflexive pronoun referring to the speaker.
- と
- to — And; with; quotation particle in Japanese grammar.
- 呼び
- yobi — Calling; stem of 'yobu', to call or name.
- 呼ば
- yoba — Passive stem of 'yobu'; to be called by name.
- れる
- reru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix in Japanese.
- よう
- yō — Appearing to; in a way that; manner expression.
- に
- ni — Particle indicating direction, time, target, or location.
- なっ
- natta — Past form of 'naru'; became, turned into something.
- する
- suru — To do; general-purpose action verb in Japanese.
- 墓石
- boseki — Gravestone; stone marker placed on a grave.
- 姉
- ane — Older sister; one's own elder female sibling.
- 鍛冶屋
- kajiya — Blacksmith; a person who forges iron or steel.
- 結婚
- kekkon — Marriage; the act of getting married to someone.
- し
- shi — Conjunctive verb form; 'and' or listing actions.
- 夫人
- fujin — Madam; Mrs.; a respectful title for a married woman.
- 証言
- shōgen — Testimony; a statement given as evidence or witness.
- 基づい
- motozui — Based on; grounded in; relying on as foundation.
- て
- te — Te-form connective particle linking verbs or clauses.
- いる
- iru — To exist; to be present (for animate beings).
- も
- mo — Also; too; even; inclusive addition particle.
- 母
- haha — Mother; one's own mother.
- 会っ
- atta — Past form of 'au'; met, encountered someone.
- なく
- naku — Without; negative connective form of 'nai'.
- また
- mata — Also; again; furthermore; in addition.
- 二人
- futari — Two people; a pair or couple of individuals.
- どちら
- dochira — Which one of two; either; polite form of 'dore'.
- 肖像
- shōzō — Portrait; a painted or drawn likeness of someone.
- 見
- mi — Stem of 'miru'; to see or look at.
- 生き
- iki — Living; stem of 'ikiru', to live or be alive.
- い
- i — Stem of 'iru'; being, existing (animate).
- 時代
- jidai — Era, age, or period of time in history.
- 写真
- shashin — Photograph; a picture taken with a camera.
- ずっと
- zutto — Far; all along; by far; continuously over time.
- 前
- mae — Before; in front of; prior in time or space.
- だっ
- datta — Past copula form; was, were (informal past tense).
- どの
- dono — Which; what kind of (used before a noun).
- 人物
- jinbutsu — Person, character; a notable individual or figure.
- つい
- tsui — Unintentionally; just; inadvertently doing something.
- 最初
- saisho — First; the very beginning; initial stage or moment.
- 空想
- kūsō — Fantasy, daydream; imaginative thinking not based on reality.
- 理不尽
- rifujin — Unreasonable, irrational; lacking logic or fairness.
- 引き出さ
- hikidasa — Drawn out; stem of 'hikidasu', to pull out.
- れ
- re — Passive verb suffix indicating something was done to subject.
- 刻ま
- kizama — Stem of 'kizamu'; to carve or engrave into surface.
- 文字
- moji — Letter, character; written symbol representing language.
- 形
- katachi — Shape, form; the outward appearance of an object.
- 四角く
- shikakuku — Squarely; in a square shape; four-cornered manner.
- がっしり
- gasshiri — Solidly built; stocky and sturdy in body build.
- 浅黒い
- asaguroi — Dark-complexioned; having a swarthy or darkish skin tone.
- 縮れ
- chijire — Curly; frizzed; describing tightly curled hair texture.
- 黒髪
- kurokami — Black hair; dark-colored hair on a person's head.
- 持つ
- motsu — To have, hold, or possess something in hand.
- 男
- otoko — Man; male person; adult male human being.
- いう
- iu — To say; to be called; to describe as something.
- 奇妙
- kimyō — Strange, peculiar; oddly unusual or curious impression.
- 印象
- inshō — Impression; the effect something has on the mind.
- 受け
- uke — Receiving; stem of 'ukeru', to receive or get.
- 同じく
- onajiku — Likewise; similarly; in the same way as before.
- 上記
- jōki — Above-mentioned; stated earlier in the text or document.
- 者
- mono/sha — Person; one who does something; individual referred to.
- 妻
- tsuma — Wife; one's own married female partner.
- 碑文
- hibun — Inscription; text carved on a monument or gravestone.
- 特徴
- tokuchō — Feature, characteristic; a distinguishing trait or quality.
- 流れ
- nagare — Flow; stream; a flowing quality or appearance.
- そばかす
- sobakasu — Freckles; small brownish spots on the skin.
- だらけ
- darake — Full of; covered with; suffix meaning 'riddled with'.
- 病弱
- byōjaku — Sickly, frail; having a weak and unhealthy constitution.
- 子供
- kodomo — Child; a young human being, boy or girl.
- らしい
- rashii — Seeming like; typical of; apparently or presumably so.
- 結論
- ketsuron — Conclusion; final judgment reached after reasoning through.
- 引き出し
- hikidashi — Drawer; also act of drawing out a conclusion.
- 墓
- haka — Grave; tomb; burial place for a deceased person.
- 傍ら
- katawara — Beside; alongside; near the side of something.
- 整然
- seizen — Orderly, neat; arranged in a tidy systematic manner.
- 並べ
- narabe — Arranging in a row; stem of 'naraberu'.
- られ
- rare — Passive auxiliary indicating something was done to subject.
- それぞれ
- sorezore — Each; respectively; every one individually considered.
- 約
- yaku — Approximately; about; used before numbers for estimates.
- 一
- ichi — One; the number one; first in sequence.
- フィート
- fīto — Feet; unit of length measurement, about 30 cm.
- 半
- han — Half; semi-; indicating one half of a quantity.
- 長さ
- nagasa — Length; the measurement of something from end to end.
- 五つ
- itsutsu — Five (objects); the native Japanese counter for five things.
- 小さな
- chīsana — Small, little; describing something of small size.
- 石板
- sekiban — Stone slab; flat stone used as a grave marker.
- ——それら
- ——sorera — Those; referring to the previously mentioned stone slabs.
- あの
- ano — That (over there); demonstrative for distant reference.
- 万人
- bannin — All people; everyone; the whole of humanity.
- 共通
- kyōtsū — Common, shared; held or experienced by everyone alike.
- 生存
- seizon — Survival, existence; continuing to live or remain alive.
- 競争
- kyōsō — Competition, struggle; contending with others to survive.
- おい
- oi — Hey; exclamation to get attention (informal male speech).
- 生計
- seikei — Livelihood; means of earning a living or surviving.
- 立てよ
- tateyo — Establish; volitional imperative of 'tateru', to build.
- う
- u — Volitional auxiliary expressing intention or suggestion.
- 試み
- kokoromi — Attempt, trial; an effort to try doing something.
- 極めて
- kiwamete — Extremely; to the utmost degree; very much so.
- 早い
- hayai — Early, fast; occurring before the expected time.
- 時期
- jiki — Time, period; a specific phase or season of time.
- 諦め
- akirame — Giving up; resignation; stem of 'akirameru'.
- しまっ
- shimatta — Ended up doing; completed regrettably (te-shimau form).
- 五人
- gonin — Five people; a group consisting of five persons.
- 兄弟
- kyōdai — Siblings; brothers and sisters collectively.
- たち
- tachi — Plural suffix indicating a group of people.
- 記念
- kinen — Commemoration; memorial; remembering someone or an event.
- 捧げ
- sasage — Dedicating, offering; stem of 'sasageru', to dedicate.
- おかげ
- okage — Thanks to; owing to; due to someone's help.
- 彼ら
- karera — They, them; third-person plural pronoun in Japanese.
- 皆
- mina — Everyone, all; the whole group of people together.
- ズボン
- zubon — Trousers, pants; lower-body garment covering both legs.
- ポケット
- poketto — Pocket; a small pouch sewn into clothing.
- 手
- te — Hand; the body part at the end of the arm.
- 入れ
- ire — Putting in; stem of 'ireru', to insert or place.
- まま
- mama — As is; remaining in a certain unchanged state.
- 仰向け
- aomuke — Face up; lying on one's back facing upward.
- 生まれ
- umare — Born; stem of 'umareru', to be born into world.
- き
- ki — Stem/conjunctive form of 'kuru' (to come) or past aux.
- この世
- konoyo — This world; the present life; earthly existence.
- 間
- aida/ma — Between; during; interval of time or space.
- 出さ
- dasa — Stem of 'dasu'; to take out, produce, or emit.
- だ
- da — Copula meaning 'is' or 'are'; assertive statement ending.
- 信念
- shinnen — Belief, conviction; a firmly held personal principle.
- 敬虔
- keiken — Pious, devout; showing sincere reverence and religious devotion.
- 気持ち
- kimochi — Feeling, emotion; one's inner emotional state or mood.
- 抱き
- daki — Holding, embracing; stem of 'daku', to hold close.
- 続け
- tsuzuke — Continuing; stem of 'tsuzukeru', to keep doing something.
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