Great Expectations — Page 6

Vocabulary

まるで

marude — Just like; as if; expressing strong resemblance or comparison.

高い

takai — High, tall, or expensive in degree or price.

家

ie — House, home, or family dwelling.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

屋上

okujō — Rooftop; the top surface of a building.

から

kara — From; indicating starting point or reason.

飛び降りる

tobioriru — To jump down from a high place.

か

ka — Question particle; also expresses uncertainty or alternatives.

深い

fukai — Deep; profound in depth or intensity.

水

mizu — Water; liquid H₂O in general usage.

中

naka — Inside, within, or among something.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or target.

飛び込む

tobikomu — To jump into; to dive or plunge into something.

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating direct object of verb.

決心

kesshin — Decision, resolve; making up one's mind firmly.

し

shi — Conjunctive verb form; connects clauses or lists reasons.

なけれ

nakere — Negative conditional stem; part of obligation expression.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when.'

なら

nara — Conditional 'if'; also topic-conditional particle.

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary; indicates something does not exist or occur.

よう

yō — Appears like; seems as though; expresses resemblance.

だっ

datta (stem) — Past tense copula stem; was or were.

た

ta — Past tense verb ending; indicates completed action.

そして

soshite — And then; furthermore; connecting sequential events.

それ

sore — That; referring to something near the listener.

は

wa — Topic marker particle highlighting the sentence topic.

何

nani / nani — What; interrogative pronoun for unknown things.

も

mo — Also, too, or even; inclusive particle with various uses.

知ら

shira — Stem of 'to know'; used before negative or other endings.

よっ

yotte (contracted) — By means of; due to; indicating cause or agent.

て

te — Te-form connector; links verbs in sequential or causal chains.

さらに

sara ni — Furthermore; even more; additionally increasing degree.

難しく

muzukashiku — Adverbial form of 'difficult'; in a harder manner.

なっ

natte (stem) — Become; te-form of なる indicating change of state.

い

i — Continuative ending; part of て-いる progressive form.

すでに

sude ni — Already; by this point in time; previously occurred.

述べ

nobe — To state, mention, or describe; verb stem form.

同じ

onaji — Same; identical; sharing the same quality or state.

苦しみ

kurushimi — Suffering, pain, anguish; the state of enduring hardship.

持つ

motsu — To hold, have, or carry something in one's possession.

者

mono — Person; one who does or possesses something specific.

同士

dōshi — Fellow; companions sharing the same status or situation.

連帯感

rentaikan — Sense of solidarity; feeling of mutual bond and unity.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or cause.

また

mata — Again; also; furthermore; in addition to.

彼

kare — He; him; third-person masculine pronoun in Japanese.

気さく

kisaku — Friendly, approachable, easygoing in personality.

な

na — Adjectival particle connecting na-adjectives to nouns.

仲間

nakama — Companion, comrade; member of the same group.

意識

ishiki — Consciousness, awareness; sense of identity or perception.

私

watashi — I, me; first-person singular pronoun, neutral politeness.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people; we, they, us.

夕べ

yūbe — Last night; yesterday evening; the previous night.

習慣

shūkan — Habit, custom; a regularly repeated behavior or practice.

パン

pan — Bread; baked food loaf, borrowed from Portuguese.

切れ端

kirehashi — Scrap, fragment; a small cut-off piece of something.

かじる

kajiru — To gnaw, nibble, or bite into food or objects.

様子

yōsu — Appearance, situation; the manner or state of things.

時折

tokiori — Occasionally, from time to time; at certain intervals.

無言

mugon — Silence; without words; saying nothing at all.

お互い

otagai — Each other; mutually; reciprocally between two parties.

見せ合っ

miseatte — Showing each other; mutually displaying something together.

比べる

kuraberu — To compare; to examine differences between two things.

こと

koto — Thing; nominalizer turning verbs into abstract noun phrases.

が

ga — Subject marker particle; also indicates contrast or desire.

互い

tagai — Mutual; each other; used in reciprocal expressions.

新た

arata — New, fresh; renewed in a positive or reinvigorated sense.

努力

doryoku — Effort, endeavor; working hard toward achieving a goal.

促し

unagashi — Urging, prompting; encouraging someone toward an action.

今夜

konya — Tonight; this evening; the current night.

みるみる

mirumiru — Rapidly, visibly; changing noticeably before one's eyes.

小さく

chīsaku — Adverbial 'small'; becoming or doing in a small way.

いく

iku — To go; also auxiliary indicating progressive continuation.

自分

jibun — Oneself; one's own self; reflexive first-person reference.

見せる

miseru — To show, display; to let someone see something.

いつも

itsumo — Always, usually; at all times or habitually.

なごやか

nagoyaka — Peaceful, calm, harmonious; pleasantly gentle in atmosphere.

競争

kyōsō — Competition, rivalry; competing against others for something.

何度

nando — How many times; several times; repeatedly occurring.

誘っ

sasotte — Inviting, enticing; encouraging someone to join or participate.

しかし

shikashi — However, but; conjunction indicating contrast or reversal.

その

sono — That (near listener); demonstrative adjective modifying nouns.

たび

tabi — Each time; whenever; every occasion something happens.

気づい

kizuite — Noticing, realizing; becoming aware of something.

片方

katahō — One side; one of a pair; the other counterpart.

膝

hiza — Knee; lap; the joint midway along the leg.

黄色い

kiiroi — Yellow; having the color yellow as an adjective.

乗せ

nose — Placing on top; putting something onto a surface.

もう

mō — Already; anymore; indicates something has occurred or ceased.

手つかず

tetsukazū — Untouched; left as-is without being handled at all.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle; conditional 'if' connector.

バター

batā — Butter; dairy fat spread, borrowed from English.

置い

oite — Having placed; te-form of 置く, to put down.

まま

mama — As-is; leaving something unchanged in its current state.

いる

iru — To exist (animate); auxiliary indicating ongoing action.

姿

sugata — Figure, appearance; the visible form or shape of someone.

ついに

tsui ni — Finally, at last; after a long wait something occurs.

考え

kangae — Thought, idea; the act of thinking something through.

どうしても

dōshitemo — No matter what; absolutely; unavoidably by any means.

実行

jikkō — Execution, implementation; carrying out a plan or action.

ず

zu — Negative conjunctive; without doing; older negative form.

状況

jōkyō — Situation, circumstances; the current state of affairs.

合わせ

awase — Matching, combining; adjusting to fit or suit something.

最も

mottomo — Most; superlative adverb indicating the highest degree.

不自然

fushizen — Unnatural, artificial; not occurring naturally or normally.

やり方

yarikata — Way of doing; method or approach for accomplishing something.

する

suru — To do; general-purpose verb for performing actions.

一番

ichiban — Number one; the most; best or first in ranking.

だ

da — Copula; plain-form 'is' or 'are' in Japanese.

必死

hisshi — Desperate, frantic; risking everything with intense effort.

判断

handan — Judgment, decision; evaluating and determining the right choice.

ちょうど

chōdo — Exactly, just; precisely at a moment or amount.

見

mi — Stem of 見る (to see); looking or observing something.

瞬間

shunkan — Moment, instant; an extremely brief point in time.

利用

riyō — Use, utilization; making use of something for a purpose.

脚

ashi — Leg; lower limb of a person or animal.

下

shita — Below, under; the lower area or bottom of something.

滑り込ま

suberikoma — Sliding into; slipping in smoothly under or into something.

せ

se — Causative suffix stem; making or letting someone do something.

食欲

shokuyoku — Appetite; desire or urge to eat food.

なくし

nakushi — Losing; causing something to disappear or be lost.

思っ

omotte — Thinking; te-form of 思う, to think or feel.

らしく

rashiku — Seemingly, apparently; in a manner befitting or typical of.

明らか

akiraka — Clear, obvious, evident; something plainly apparent to all.

居心地

igokochi — Comfort level; how comfortable one feels in a place.

悪そう

warусō — Seems bad or unpleasant; looking uncomfortable or awkward.

物思わし

monoomowashi — Pensive, thoughtful; appearing lost in deep contemplation.

げ

ge — Suffix expressing appearance or seeming; looks like.

ひとかじり

hitokajiri — One bite; a single gnaw or nibble of food.

楽しん

tanoshinde — Enjoying; te-form of 楽しむ, to enjoy something.

なかっ

nakatta (stem) — Was not; past negative stem of ない.

より

yori — Than; more than; comparative particle indicating degree.

随分

zuibun — Quite, considerably; to a surprisingly large extent.

長い

nagai — Long (in length or duration); extended over time or space.

間

aida / ma — Interval, between; time or space between two points.

口

kuchi — Mouth; the opening used for speaking and eating.

もぐもぐ

mogumōgu — Chewing, munching; onomatopoeia for mouth moving while eating.

動かし

ugokashi — Moving something; causing motion in an object or part.

じっくり

jikkuri — Carefully, thoroughly; taking ample time to consider something.

考え込ん

kangaekon — Sinking into thought; deeply pondering a problem or matter.

あげく

ageku — In the end (after much effort); ultimately resulting in.

結局

kekkyoku — After all, in the end; ultimately concluding in a result.

薬

kusuri — Medicine, drug; substance taken to treat illness or pain.

飲み込む

nomikomu — To swallow; to gulp down food, drink, or medicine.

一気

ikki — All at once; in one breath; without stopping or pausing.

飲み下し

nomikudashi — Swallowing down; forcing liquid or solid down the throat.