History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 1 — Page 13

Vocabulary

continue

kon-tee-nü — continues, goes on doing something

à

ah — to, at, in; general preposition with many uses

exposer

ex-poh-zay — to expose, present, or set forth ideas

ses

say — his, her, its; third-person plural possessive adjective

propres

propr — own; belonging specifically to oneself

impressions

am-preh-syohn — impressions, feelings, or reactions to something

la

lah — the; feminine definite article

lecture

lek-tür — reading; the act of reading a text

de

duh — of, from; very common French preposition

l'

l — the; elided form before vowel or h

histoire

ees-twar — history or story; narrative of past events

et

ay — and; basic coordinating conjunction

aucune

oh-kün — no, none; negative feminine adjective or pronoun

autorité

oh-toh-ree-tay — authority; power or credibility of a person

n'

n — not; elided negative particle before vowel

aura

oh-rah — will have; future tense of avoir

plus

plü — more; used in comparisons or degree

poids

pwah — weight; importance or influence of something

auprès

oh-preh — with, among; in the estimation of someone

ceux

suh — those; masculine plural demonstrative pronoun

qui

kee — who, which; relative or interrogative pronoun

étendue

ay-tahn-dü — extent, scope; breadth of knowledge or area

exactitude

eg-zak-tee-tüd — exactness, precision; careful accuracy in details

recherches

ruh-shehrsh — research, investigations; careful scholarly inquiries

historiques

ees-toh-reek — historical; relating to or based on history

sont

sohn — are; third-person plural of être

connues

koh-nü — known; recognized or familiar to people

Après

ah-preh — after; following in time or order

une

ün — a, an; feminine indefinite article

première

pruh-myehr — first; feminine ordinal adjective indicating priority

rapide

rah-peed — rapid, quick; done with speed

ne

nuh — not; negative particle used with pas or alone

m'

m — me; elided first-person object pronoun

avait

ah-veh — had; third-person singular imperfect of avoir

permis

pehr-mee — allowed, permitted; past participle of permettre

ressentir

ruh-sahn-teer — to feel, experience an emotion or sensation

que

kuh — that, than, which; conjunction or pronoun

intérêt

an-tay-reh — interest; curiosity or engagement with something

d'

d — of, from; elided preposition before vowel

un

an — a, an; masculine indefinite article

récit

ray-see — narrative, account; spoken or written story

toujours

too-zhoor — always, still; indicating continuity or persistence

animé

ah-nee-may — animated, lively; full of energy or interest

malgré

mal-gray — despite, in spite of; notwithstanding something

son

sohn — his, her, its; masculine singular possessive adjective

variété

vah-ree-ay-tay — variety; diversity of subjects or elements

des

day — of the, some; plural partitive or definite article

objets

ob-zheh — objects, subjects, topics presented in a work

qu'

k — that, which; elided form of que

il

eel — he, it; third-person masculine singular pronoun

fait

feh — makes, causes; third-person singular of faire

défiler

day-fee-lay — to file past, parade; pass before one's view

sous

soo — under, beneath; preposition indicating position below

les

lay — the; plural definite article for both genders

yeux

yuh — eyes; plural of œil

perspicace

pehr-spee-kas — perspicacious, sharp-eyed; having keen insight

j'

zh — I; elided first-person subject pronoun

entrepris

ahn-truh-pree — undertook; past participle of entreprendre

examen

eg-zah-men — examination, close study of something

minutieux

mee-nü-syuh — meticulous, thorough; paying close attention to details

détails

day-tay — details; specific small particulars of a subject

dont

dohn — of which, whose; relative pronoun indicating possession

était

ay-teh — was; third-person singular imperfect of être

composé

kom-poh-zay — composed, made up; formed from various parts

opinion

oh-pee-nyohn — opinion; personal view or judgment on something

je

zhuh — I; first-person singular subject pronoun

me

muh — me, myself; first-person reflexive or object pronoun

formai

for-may — formed; first-person past historic of former

alors

ah-lor — then, at that time; temporal or logical connector

avoue

ah-voo — admit, confess; acknowledge something honestly

singulièrement

san-gü-lyehr-mahn — singularly, remarkably; in an unusually notable way

sévère

say-vehr — severe, harsh; strict or critically demanding

Je

zhuh — I; first-person singular subject pronoun

découvris

day-koo-vree — discovered; first-person past historic of découvrir

dans

dahn — in, within; preposition indicating location or scope

certains

sehr-tan — certain, some; referring to particular unspecified items

chapitres

sha-peetr — chapters; main divisions of a book

erreurs

eh-ruhr — errors, mistakes; inaccuracies found in a text

parurent

pah-rür — appeared, seemed; third-person plural past historic of paraître

suffisamment

sü-fee-zah-mahn — sufficiently, enough; to an adequate degree

importantes

am-por-tahnt — important; significant and deserving of attention

nombreuses

nohm-bruhz — numerous, many; large in number or quantity

pour

poor — for, in order to; preposition of purpose or recipient

faire

to make, to do; very common French verb

croire

krwar — to believe, think; to hold something as true

ils

eel — they; third-person masculine plural subject pronoun

avaient

ah-veh — had; third-person plural imperfect of avoir

été

ay-tay — been; past participle of être

écrits

ay-kree — written; past participle of écrire, plural form

avec

ah-vek — with; preposition indicating accompaniment or manner

extrême

ex-trehm — extreme; of the greatest or highest degree

négligence

nay-glee-zhahns — negligence, carelessness; lack of proper care

autres

ohtr — others; referring to different or remaining items

fus

fü — was; first-person past historic of être

frappé

frah-pay — struck, hit; past participle meaning impressed or struck

certaine

sehr-ten — certain, a particular; feminine form of certain

teinte

tant — tint, shade, tinge; subtle coloring or tone

partialité

par-syah-lee-tay — partiality, bias; unfair favoritism toward one side

préjugé

pray-zhü-zhay — prejudice, bias; preconceived unfavorable opinion

imprimait

am-pree-meh — imprinted, stamped; third-person imperfect of imprimer

exposition

ex-poh-zee-syohn — exposition, presentation; setting forth of facts

faits

feh — facts; things known to be true or real

ce

suh — this, that; demonstrative adjective or pronoun

manque

mahnk — lack, absence; deficiency of something needed

vérité

vay-ree-tay — truth; conformity with fact or reality

justice

zhüs-tees — justice, fairness; impartial treatment or judgment

Anglais

ahn-gleh — English; referring to English people or language

expriment

ex-preem — express; third-person plural of exprimer

par

par — by, through; preposition of means or agency

leur

luhr — their; third-person plural possessive adjective

heureux

uh-ruh — happy, fortunate; well-chosen or apt expression

terme

tehrm — term, word; specific expression in a field

Quelques

kel-kuh — some, a few; indicating a small quantity

citations

see-tah-syohn — citations, quotations; passages quoted from a source

incomplètes

an-kom-plet — incomplete; not full or missing some parts

_tronquées_

trohn-kay — truncated, cut short; excerpts with parts removed

quelques

kel-kuh — some, a few; small unspecified number of things

passages

pah-sahzh — passages; sections or excerpts from a text

omis

oh-mee — omitted, left out; past participle of omettre

involontairement

an-voh-lohn-tehr-mahn — involuntarily, unintentionally; done without deliberate intention

ou

oo — or; coordinating conjunction presenting alternatives

délibérément

day-lee-bay-ray-mahn — deliberately, intentionally; done on purpose

jetaient

zhuh-teh — threw, cast; third-person plural imperfect of jeter

soupçon

soop-sohn — suspicion; feeling that something dishonest has occurred

sur

sür — on, upon, about; preposition indicating position or topic

bonne

bon — good; feminine form of bon

foi

fwah — faith, good faith; honest sincere intention

auteur

oh-tuhr — author; person who wrote a text or work

sa

sah — his, her, its; feminine singular possessive adjective

violation

vyoh-lah-syohn — violation, breach; breaking of a rule or principle

loi

lwah — law; rule or principle governing conduct

accrue

ah-krü — increased, grown; past participle of accroître

mes

may — my; first-person plural possessive adjective

attention

ah-tahn-syohn — attention; careful focusing of the mind on something

prolongée

proh-lohn-zhay — prolonged, extended; lasting for a long time

laquelle

lah-kel — which; feminine relative pronoun replacing a noun

occupai

oh-kü-pay — occupied, engaged; first-person past historic of occuper

chaque

shak — each, every; distributive adjective covering all items

phrase

frahz — sentence; unit of written or spoken language

note

not — note; brief written comment or annotation

réflexion

ray-flek-syohn — reflection; careful thought or contemplation

fit

fee — made, caused; third-person past historic of faire

porter

por-tay — to carry, bear; also to render or deliver a judgment

ensemble

ahn-sahmbl — together, as a whole; the overall totality

œuvre

uhvr — work; literary or artistic creation

jugement

zhüzh-mahn — judgment; evaluation or critical assessment of something

bien

byan — well, very; adverb of manner or degree

trop

troh — too, too much; exceeding what is appropriate

rigoureux

ree-goo-ruh — rigorous, severe; extremely strict or thorough

avoir

ah-vwar — to have; fundamental auxiliary and lexical verb

terminé

tehr-mee-nay — finished, completed; past participle of terminer

travaux

trah-voh — works, labors; tasks or scholarly undertakings

laissai

leh-say — left, let; first-person past historic of laisser

s'

s — oneself; elided reflexive pronoun before vowel

écouler

ay-koo-lay — to pass, elapse; flow of time going by

quelque

kel-kuh — some; adjective indicating an indefinite amount

temps

tahn — time; a period or duration of passing time

avant

ah-vahn — before; preposition or adverb of priority in time

revoir

ruh-vwar — to review, see again; to re-examine a text