← History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 1

History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 1 — Page 12

English → Chinese Full Text Level 9/10

He has undergone the triple scrutiny of theological zeal quickened by just resentment, of literary emulation, and of that mean and invidious vanity which delights in detecting errors in writers of established fame.

他经受了三重审视：由正当的愤恨所激发的神学热忱的审视、文学竞争的审视，以及那种以发现知名作家错误为乐的卑鄙可憎的虚荣心的审视。

On the result of the trial, we may be permitted to summon competent witnesses before we deliver our own judgment.

在就审视的结果作出我们自己的判断之前，我们或可传召称职的证人。

M. Guizot, in his preface, after stating that in France and Germany, as well as in England, in the most enlightened countries of Europe, Gibbon is constantly cited as an authority, thus proceeds:—

基佐先生在其序言中指出，在法国、德国以及英国，即欧洲最为开化的国家中，吉本始终被奉为权威，他继而写道：——

"I have had occasion, during my labors, to consult the writings of philosophers, who have treated on the finances of the Roman empire; of scholars, who have investigated the chronology; of theologians, who have searched the depths of ecclesiastical history; of writers on law, who have studied with care the Roman jurisprudence; of Orientalists, who have occupied themselves with the Arabians and the Koran; of modern historians, who have entered upon extensive researches touching the crusades and their influence; each of these writers has remarked and pointed out, in the 'History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,' some negligences, some false or imperfect views, some omissions, which it is impossible not to suppose voluntary; they have rectified some facts, combated with advantage some assertions; but in general they have taken the researches and the ideas of Gibbon, as points of departure, or as proofs of the researches or of the new opinions which they have advanced."

「我在研究过程中，曾有机会参阅以下各类著述：论述罗马帝国财政的哲学家的著作；考证年代学的学者的著作；探究教会史深处的神学家的著作；悉心研究罗马法学的法学著述者的著作；专注于阿拉伯人及《古兰经》的东方学家的著作；以及就十字军东征及其影响展开广泛研究的近代史学家的著作。这些著述者各自都在《罗马帝国衰亡史》中发现并指出了一些疏漏、一些错误或不完善的见解，以及一些不能不令人认为是有意为之的遗漏；他们纠正了若干史实，有力地驳斥了若干论断；但总体而言，他们都以吉本的研究与见解作为出发点，或作为其自身研究及所提新见解的佐证。」

基佐先生。

Vocabulary

他: tā — Third person singular pronoun: he, him
经受: jīngshòu — To undergo, endure, or be subjected to something
了: le — Particle indicating completion or change of state
三重: sānchóng — Triple, threefold, consisting of three layers
审视: shěnshì — To scrutinize, examine carefully and critically
由: yóu — By, from, caused by; preposition of origin or agent
正当: zhèngdāng — Legitimate, justifiable, proper, rightful
的: de — Structural particle linking modifier to noun
愤恨: fènhèn — Resentment, indignation, strong bitter hatred
所: suǒ — Particle used before verb indicating passive or nominalization
激发: jīfā — To inspire, stimulate, arouse strong feeling or energy
神学: shénxué — Theology, the academic study of religion and God
热忱: rèchén — Enthusiasm, zeal, fervent devotion to a cause
文学: wénxué — Literature, written artistic works of a culture
竞争: jìngzhēng — Competition, rivalry, contending for the same goal
以及: yǐjí — As well as, and also, together with
那种: nà zhǒng — That kind of, that type of thing or quality
以: yǐ — Using, by means of; preposition indicating method
发现: fāxiàn — To discover, find out, uncover something previously unknown
知名: zhīmíng — Well-known, famous, renowned in a particular field
作家: zuòjiā — Writer, author, literary professional who creates works
错误: cuòwù — Error, mistake, something incorrect or wrong
为乐: wéi lè — To take pleasure in, find joy in doing something
卑鄙: bēibǐ — Despicable, mean, morally contemptible and low
可憎: kězēng — Detestable, hateful, causing strong disgust or loathing
虚荣心: xūróngxīn — Vanity, excessive pride in one's own appearance or achievements
在: zài — At, in, on; preposition indicating location or time
就: jiù — Then, just, precisely; adverb of immediacy or emphasis
结果: jiéguǒ — Result, outcome, consequence of an action or process
作出: zuòchū — To make, render, produce a decision or judgment
我们: wǒmen — We, us; first person plural pronoun
自己: zìjǐ — Oneself, self; reflexive pronoun indicating personal action
判断: pànduàn — Judgment, assessment, conclusion drawn from evaluation
之前: zhīqián — Before, prior to a specific event or time
或可: huò kě — Perhaps one may, it might be possible to
传召: chuánzhào — To summon, call to appear as a witness
称职: chènzhí — Competent, qualified, capable of fulfilling a role
证人: zhèngrén — Witness, person who provides testimony or evidence
先生: xiānsheng — Mister, sir; respectful title for an adult male
其: qí — His, her, its, their; third-person possessive pronoun
序言: xùyán — Preface, foreword, introductory remarks of a book
中: zhōng — In, inside, within; indicates location or context
指出: zhǐchū — To point out, indicate, note explicitly
法国: Fǎguó — France, a country in western Europe
德国: Déguó — Germany, a country in central Europe
英国: Yīngguó — United Kingdom, Britain, island nation in northwest Europe
即: jí — That is, namely, i.e.; used to clarify or specify
欧洲: Ōuzhōu — Europe, the continent west of Asia
最为: zuì wéi — Most, extremely; superlative degree of a quality
开化: kāihuà — Civilized, enlightened, culturally developed
国家: guójiā — Country, nation, state with its own government
始终: shǐzhōng — Always, consistently, from beginning to end
被: bèi — Passive marker; indicates subject receives the action
奉为: fèngwéi — To regard as, revere as, hold up as authority
权威: quánwēi — Authority, expert, person of recognized expertise
继而: jì'ér — Then, subsequently, following that action
写道: xiě dào — To write, to state in writing as follows
我: wǒ — I, me; first person singular pronoun
研究: yánjiū — Research, study, investigation of a subject
过程: guòchéng — Process, course, sequence of stages in an activity
曾: céng — Once, previously; indicates past experience
有: yǒu — To have, there is, exist
机会: jīhuì — Opportunity, chance, favorable occasion to do something
参阅: cānyuè — To consult, refer to, read for reference purposes
以下: yǐxià — The following, below, listed hereafter
各类: gè lèi — Various kinds, all types, different categories
著述: zhùshù — Works, writings, scholarly publications and treatises
论述: lùnshù — Discourse, exposition, systematic discussion of a topic
罗马: Luómǎ — Rome, ancient city and empire in Italy
帝国: dìguó — Empire, large state ruled by an emperor
财政: cáizhèng — Public finance, government fiscal affairs and budgeting
哲学家: zhéxuéjiā — Philosopher, scholar who studies fundamental questions of existence
著作: zhùzuò — Written works, published books or scholarly writings
考证: kǎozhèng — Textual criticism, philological verification of historical facts
年代学: niándàixué — Chronology, study of arranging events in time order
学者: xuézhě — Scholar, academic, learned person devoted to study
探究: tànjiū — To explore, investigate, probe deeply into a subject
教会史: jiàohuìshǐ — Church history, historical study of Christian institutions
深处: shēnchù — Depths, innermost part, deep recesses of something
神学家: shénxuéjiā — Theologian, scholar specializing in religious doctrine
悉心: xīxīn — Carefully, attentively, with wholehearted dedication
法学: fǎxué — Jurisprudence, legal studies, the science of law
著述者: zhùshùzhě — Author, writer, one who composes scholarly works
专注: zhuānzhù — To focus on, concentrate, devote attention exclusively
于: yú — In, at, to; preposition indicating location or object
阿拉伯人: Ālābórén — Arabs, people of Arab ethnicity and culture
及: jí — And, as well as; conjunction linking elements
古兰经: Gǔlánjīng — The Quran, the holy scripture of Islam
东方学家: dōngfāng xuéjiā — Orientalist, scholar specializing in Eastern cultures and languages
十字军东征: Shízìjūn dōngzhēng — The Crusades, medieval Christian military campaigns to Holy Land
影响: yǐngxiǎng — Influence, effect, impact on something or someone
展开: zhǎnkāi — To carry out, launch, unfold a broad discussion
广泛: guǎngfàn — Extensive, wide-ranging, covering a broad scope
近代: jìndài — Modern era, recent historical period, early modern times
史学家: shǐxuéjiā — Historian, scholar who studies and writes history
这些: zhèxiē — These, referring to multiple things just mentioned
各自: gèzì — Each, respectively, individually on their own
都: dōu — All, both; adverb indicating universality or totality
并: bìng — And, also, furthermore; conjunction joining clauses
一些: yīxiē — Some, a few, a certain number of things
疏漏: shūlòu — Omission, oversight, careless mistake or gap
或: huò — Or, either; conjunction indicating alternatives
不完善: bù wánshàn — Imperfect, flawed, not fully developed or complete
见解: jiànjiě — View, opinion, perspective on a particular matter
不能: bùnéng — Cannot, unable to, not capable of doing something
不: bù — No, not; general negation particle
令人: lìng rén — To make one feel, causing people to think or feel
认为: rènwéi — To think, believe, consider to be the case
是: shì — To be; verb linking subject and predicate
有意为之: yǒuyì wéizhī — Done intentionally, deliberately carried out on purpose
遗漏: yílòu — Omission, something left out or overlooked accidentally
他们: tāmen — They, them; third person plural pronoun
纠正: jiūzhèng — To correct, rectify, fix an error or mistake
若干: ruògān — Several, a number of, some unspecified quantity
史实: shǐshí — Historical facts, actual events recorded in history
有力: yǒulì — Forceful, powerful, effective in making a point
地: de — Adverbial particle linking adverb to verb
驳斥: bóchì — To refute, rebut, forcefully counter an argument
论断: lùnduàn — Conclusion, assertion, definitive judgment on a matter
但: dàn — But, however; conjunction indicating contrast
总体: zǒngtǐ — Overall, as a whole, in general terms
而言: éryán — In terms of, speaking of, with regard to
与: yǔ — And, with, together with; conjunction or preposition
作为: zuòwéi — As, in the capacity of, serving as a role
出发点: chūfādiǎn — Starting point, basis, foundation for an argument
自身: zìshēn — Oneself, itself; referring back to the subject itself
所提: suǒ tí — What is put forward, the evidence or points offered
新: xīn — New, fresh, recently introduced or discovered
佐证: zuǒzhèng — Corroborating evidence, supporting proof for a claim

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