Leviathan — Page 8
For by Art is created that great LEVIATHAN called a COMMON-WEALTH, or STATE, (in latine CIVITAS) which is but an Artificiall Man; though of greater stature and strength than the Naturall, for whose protection and defence it was intended; and in which, the Soveraignty is an Artificiall Soul, as giving life and motion to the whole body;
Car c'est par l'Art qu'est créé ce grand LÉVIATHAN appelé COMMONWEALTH, ou ÉTAT, (en latin CIVITAS) qui n'est qu'un Homme Artificiel ; bien que d'une stature et d'une force plus grandes que celles de l'Homme Naturel, pour la protection et la défense duquel il fut conçu ; et dans lequel la Souveraineté est une Âme Artificielle, en tant qu'elle donne vie et mouvement à tout le corps ;
The Magistrates, and other Officers of Judicature and Execution, artificiall Joynts;
Les Magistrats et autres Officiers de Justice et d'Exécution sont les Articulations Artificielles ;
Reward and Punishment (by which fastned to the seat of the Soveraignty, every joynt and member is moved to performe his duty) are the Nerves, that do the same in the Body Naturall;
La Récompense et le Châtiment (par lesquels, attachés au siège de la Souveraineté, chaque articulation et chaque membre est mû à accomplir son devoir) sont les Nerfs, qui font de même dans le Corps Naturel ;
The Wealth and Riches of all the particular members, are the Strength;
La Richesse et les Biens de tous les membres particuliers sont la Force ;
Salus Populi (the Peoples Safety) its Businesse;
Le Salus Populi (la Sûreté du Peuple) est son Affaire ;
Counsellors, by whom all things needfull for it to know, are suggested unto it, are the Memory;
Les Conseillers, par qui toutes les choses qu'il lui est nécessaire de savoir lui sont suggérées, sont la Mémoire ;
Equity and Lawes, an artificiall Reason and Will;
L'Équité et les Lois sont une Raison et une Volonté Artificielles ;
Concord, Health; Sedition, Sicknesse; and Civill War, Death.
La Concorde est la Santé ; la Sédition, la Maladie ; et la Guerre Civile, la Mort.
Lastly, the Pacts and Covenants, by which the parts of this Body Politique were at first made, set together, and united, resemble that Fiat, or the Let Us Make Man, pronounced by God in the Creation.
Enfin, les Pactes et les Conventions, par lesquels les parties de ce Corps Politique furent à l'origine formées, assemblées et unies, ressemblent à ce Fiat, ou au Faisons l'Homme, prononcé par Dieu lors de la Création.
To describe the Nature of this Artificiall man, I will consider
Pour décrire la Nature de cet Homme Artificiel, j'examinerai
First the Matter thereof, and the Artificer; both which is Man.
Premièrement la Matière dont il est fait, et l'Artisan ; lesquels sont tous deux l'Homme.
Secondly, How, and by what Covenants it is made; what are the Rights and just Power or Authority of a Soveraigne; and what it is that Preserveth and Dissolveth it.
Deuxièmement, Comment, et par quelles Conventions il est formé ; quels sont les Droits et le juste Pouvoir ou l'Autorité d'un Souverain ; et ce qui le Préserve et le Dissout.
Thirdly, what is a Christian Common-Wealth.
Troisièmement, ce qu'est un Commonwealth Chrétien.
Vocabulary
- Car
- Conjunction meaning 'because' or 'for'
- c'
- Contracted form of 'ce', meaning 'it' or 'this'
- est
- Third person singular of 'être', meaning 'is'
- par
- Preposition meaning 'by' or 'through'
- l'
- Contracted definite article 'le' or 'la' before vowel
- Art
- Skill or creative human expression and craftsmanship
- qu'
- Contracted conjunction 'que', meaning 'that' or 'which'
- créé
- Past participle of 'créer', meaning 'created'
- ce
- Demonstrative pronoun or adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'
- grand
- Adjective meaning 'great', 'large', or 'tall'
- appelé
- Past participle of 'appeler', meaning 'called' or 'named'
- ou
- Conjunction meaning 'or', presenting an alternative
- ÉTAT
- Noun meaning 'state', referring to a political entity
- en
- Preposition meaning 'in' or 'in the language of'
- latin
- Referring to the Latin language of ancient Rome
- qui
- Relative pronoun meaning 'who', 'which', or 'that'
- n'
- Contracted negation particle 'ne' used before a vowel
- un
- Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one'
- Homme
- Noun meaning 'man' or 'human being'
- Artificiel
- Adjective meaning 'artificial', made by human craft
- bien
- Adverb meaning 'well'; in 'bien que' means 'although'
- d'
- Contracted preposition 'de', meaning 'of' or 'from'
- une
- Feminine indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one'
- stature
- Noun meaning 'stature' or physical height and build
- et
- Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses
- force
- Noun meaning 'strength' or 'power'
- plus
- Adverb meaning 'more', used in comparisons
- grandes
- Feminine plural adjective meaning 'greater' or 'larger'
- celles
- Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'those' (feminine plural)
- de
- Preposition meaning 'of', 'from', or 'about'
- Naturel
- Adjective meaning 'natural', existing in nature unaltered
- pour
- Preposition meaning 'for' or 'in order to'
- la
- Feminine definite article meaning 'the'
- protection
- Noun meaning 'protection', act of keeping safe
- défense
- Noun meaning 'defense', protection against attack
- duquel
- Contracted relative pronoun meaning 'of which' or 'for whom'
- il
- Third person singular masculine pronoun meaning 'he' or 'it'
- fut
- Simple past of 'être', meaning 'was'
- conçu
- Past participle of 'concevoir', meaning 'conceived' or 'designed'
- dans
- Preposition meaning 'in' or 'inside'
- lequel
- Relative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'in which'
- Souveraineté
- Noun meaning 'sovereignty', supreme political authority
- Âme
- Noun meaning 'soul', the spiritual essence of a being
- Artificielle
- Feminine adjective meaning 'artificial', humanly constructed
- tant
- Adverb meaning 'so much' or 'as long as'
- elle
- Third person singular feminine pronoun meaning 'she' or 'it'
- donne
- Third person singular of 'donner', meaning 'gives'
- vie
- Noun meaning 'life'
- mouvement
- Noun meaning 'movement' or 'motion'
- à
- Preposition meaning 'to', 'at', or 'in'
- tout
- Adjective or pronoun meaning 'all', 'every', or 'whole'
- le
- Masculine definite article meaning 'the'
- corps
- Noun meaning 'body', physical structure of a being
- Les
- Plural definite article meaning 'the'
- Magistrats
- Noun meaning 'magistrates', officials administering the law
- autres
- Adjective or pronoun meaning 'other' or 'others'
- Officiers
- Noun meaning 'officers', persons holding official positions
- Justice
- Noun meaning 'justice', fair administration of law
- Exécution
- Noun meaning 'execution' or carrying out of orders
- sont
- Third person plural of 'être', meaning 'are'
- les
- Plural definite article meaning 'the'
- Articulations
- Noun meaning 'joints', points connecting parts of a body
- Artificielles
- Feminine plural adjective meaning 'artificial'
- La
- Feminine definite article meaning 'the'
- Récompense
- Noun meaning 'reward' or 'recompense' for service
- Châtiment
- Noun meaning 'punishment' or 'chastisement'
- lesquels
- Relative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'whom' (masculine plural)
- attachés
- Past participle of 'attacher', meaning 'attached' or 'fastened'
- au
- Contracted article 'à le', meaning 'to the' or 'at the'
- siège
- Noun meaning 'seat' or 'center' of power or activity
- chaque
- Adjective meaning 'each' or 'every'
- articulation
- Noun meaning 'joint' connecting two parts of a structure
- membre
- Noun meaning 'member' or 'limb' of a body
- mû
- Past participle of 'mouvoir', meaning 'moved' or 'driven'
- accomplir
- Verb meaning 'to accomplish' or 'to fulfill' a task
- son
- Possessive adjective meaning 'his', 'her', or 'its'
- devoir
- Noun meaning 'duty'; also verb 'must' or 'to owe'
- Nerfs
- Noun meaning 'nerves', transmitting signals in the body
- font
- Third person plural of 'faire', meaning 'make' or 'do'
- même
- Adjective or adverb meaning 'same' or 'even'
- Corps
- Noun meaning 'body', entire physical structure
- Richesse
- Noun meaning 'wealth' or 'riches'
- Biens
- Noun meaning 'goods', 'assets', or 'property'
- tous
- Masculine plural adjective or pronoun meaning 'all'
- membres
- Plural noun meaning 'members' or 'limbs'
- particuliers
- Adjective meaning 'particular' or 'private individuals'
- Force
- Noun meaning 'strength' or 'power' of a body
- Le
- Masculine definite article meaning 'the'
- Sûreté
- Noun meaning 'safety' or 'security' of a group
- du
- Contracted article 'de le', meaning 'of the'
- Peuple
- Noun meaning 'people' or 'nation' as a collective
- Affaire
- Noun meaning 'business', 'matter', or 'affair'
- Conseillers
- Noun meaning 'advisors' or 'counselors' to authority
- toutes
- Feminine plural adjective meaning 'all' or 'every'
- choses
- Plural noun meaning 'things' or 'matters'
- lui
- Personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'to it'
- nécessaire
- Adjective meaning 'necessary' or 'essential'
- savoir
- Verb meaning 'to know'; also 'namely' as a connector
- suggérées
- Past participle of 'suggérer', meaning 'suggested' (feminine plural)
- Mémoire
- Noun meaning 'memory', ability to recall past information
- L'
- Contracted definite article before a vowel sound
- Équité
- Noun meaning 'equity' or 'fairness' in judgment
- Lois
- Plural noun meaning 'laws' governing a society
- Raison
- Noun meaning 'reason', rational faculty of the mind
- Volonté
- Noun meaning 'will' or 'volition', desire to act
- Concorde
- Noun meaning 'concord' or 'harmony' among people
- Santé
- Noun meaning 'health', physical well-being of a body
- Sédition
- Noun meaning 'sedition', rebellion against established authority
- Maladie
- Noun meaning 'illness' or 'disease'
- Guerre
- Noun meaning 'war', armed conflict between groups
- Civile
- Adjective meaning 'civil', relating to citizens or internal affairs
- Mort
- Noun meaning 'death', end of life
- Enfin
- Adverb meaning 'finally' or 'at last'
- Pactes
- Noun meaning 'pacts' or 'agreements' between parties
- Conventions
- Noun meaning 'conventions' or 'agreements' formally made
- parties
- Noun meaning 'parties' or 'parts' involved in an agreement
- Politique
- Adjective or noun meaning 'political' or 'politics'
- furent
- Simple past plural of 'être', meaning 'were'
- origine
- Noun meaning 'origin' or 'beginning' of something
- formées
- Past participle of 'former', meaning 'formed' (feminine plural)
- assemblées
- Past participle or noun meaning 'assembled' or 'assemblies'
- unies
- Past participle of 'unir', meaning 'united' (feminine plural)
- ressemblent
- Third person plural of 'ressembler', meaning 'resemble'
- Faisons
- First person plural of 'faire', meaning 'let us make'
- prononcé
- Past participle of 'prononcer', meaning 'pronounced' or 'uttered'
- Dieu
- Noun meaning 'God', the supreme divine being
- lors
- Adverb meaning 'then'; in 'lors de' means 'at the time of'
- Création
- Noun meaning 'creation', act of bringing something into existence
- Pour
- Preposition meaning 'in order to' or 'for the purpose of'
- décrire
- Verb meaning 'to describe' or 'to depict'
- Nature
- Noun meaning 'nature' or essential character of something
- cet
- Masculine demonstrative adjective meaning 'this' before vowel
- j'
- Contracted first person pronoun 'je', meaning 'I'
- examinerai
- Future tense of 'examiner', meaning 'I will examine'
- Premièrement
- Adverb meaning 'firstly' or 'in the first place'
- Matière
- Noun meaning 'matter' or 'material' something is made of
- dont
- Relative pronoun meaning 'of which', 'whose', or 'from which'
- fait
- Past participle of 'faire', meaning 'made' or 'done'
- Artisan
- Noun meaning 'artisan' or 'craftsman' who makes things
- deux
- Number meaning 'two'
- Deuxièmement
- Adverb meaning 'secondly', introducing a second point
- Comment
- Adverb meaning 'how', asking about manner or method
- quelles
- Feminine plural interrogative adjective meaning 'which' or 'what'
- formé
- Past participle of 'former', meaning 'formed' or 'constituted'
- quels
- Masculine plural interrogative adjective meaning 'which' or 'what'
- Droits
- Plural noun meaning 'rights' or 'entitlements' of a person
- juste
- Adjective meaning 'just', 'fair', or 'righteous'
- Pouvoir
- Noun meaning 'power' or 'authority'; also verb 'can'
- Autorité
- Noun meaning 'authority', legitimate power to command
- Souverain
- Noun or adjective meaning 'sovereign', supreme ruler or power
- Préserve
- Third person singular of 'préserver', meaning 'preserves'
- Dissout
- Third person singular of 'dissoudre', meaning 'dissolves'
- Troisièmement
- Adverb meaning 'thirdly', introducing a third argument
- Chrétien
- Adjective or noun meaning 'Christian', relating to Christianity
Unlock audio playback, vocabulary games, and reading progress tracking.
Create free account →