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Leviathan — Page 2

English → It Preface Level 9/10

I have restricted my use of full capitalization to those places where Hobbes used it, except in the chapter headings, which I have fully capitalized, where Hobbes used a mixture of full capitalization and italics.

Ho limitato l'uso delle maiuscole complete ai luoghi in cui Hobbes le utilizzava, ad eccezione delle intestazioni dei capitoli, che ho scritto interamente in maiuscolo, laddove Hobbes usava una combinazione di maiuscole complete e corsivo.

Where it is clear that the italics are to indicate the text is quoting, I have introduced quotation marks.

Laddove è evidente che il corsivo serve a indicare che il testo riporta una citazione, ho introdotto le virgolette.

Within quotation marks I have retained the capitalization that Hobbes used.

All'interno delle virgolette ho mantenuto l'uso delle maiuscole adottato da Hobbes.

Where italics seem to be used for emphasis, or for proper names, or just because, I have capitalized the initial letter of the words.

Laddove il corsivo sembra essere usato per enfasi, per nomi propri, o semplicemente così, ho messo in maiuscolo la lettera iniziale delle parole.

This has the disadvantage that they are not then distinguished from those that Hobbes capitalized in plain text, but the extent of his italics would make the text very ugly if I was to use an underscore or slash.

Questo ha lo svantaggio che tali parole non vengono distinte da quelle che Hobbes scriveva in maiuscolo nel testo normale, ma la quantità del suo corsivo renderebbe il testo molto sgradevole se si usasse un trattino basso o una barra.

Where the margin notes are either to introduce the paragraph subject, or to show where he introduces word definitions, I have included them as headers to the paragraph, again with all words having initial capitals, and on a shortened line.

Laddove le note a margine servono a introdurre l'argomento del paragrafo, oppure a indicare dove vengono introdotte le definizioni delle parole, le ho incluse come intestazioni del paragrafo, sempre con la lettera iniziale maiuscola per ogni parola, e su una riga più corta.

For margin references to quotes, I have included them in the text, in brackets immediately next to the quotation.

Per i riferimenti a margine relativi alle citazioni, li ho inseriti nel testo, tra parentesi immediatamente accanto alla citazione.

Where Hobbes included references in the main text, I have left them as he put them, except to change his square brackets to round.

Laddove Hobbes includeva i riferimenti nel testo principale, li ho lasciati così come li aveva scritti, tranne per la sostituzione delle sue parentesi quadre con quelle tonde.

For the Greek alphabet, I have simply substituted the nearest ordinary letters that I can, and I have used initial capitals for foreign language words.

Per l'alfabeto greco, ho semplicemente sostituito le lettere ordinarie più simili che ho potuto trovare, e ho usato le iniziali maiuscole per le parole in lingua straniera.

Vocabulary

Ho
I have; first person singular present of avere
limitato
Limited; restricted in extent or scope
uso
Use; utilization or practice of something
delle
Of the; partitive article combining di and le
maiuscole
Capital letters; uppercase letters in typography
complete
Complete; whole or finished without omission
ai
To the; preposition combining a and i
luoghi
Places; specific locations or positions
in
In; preposition indicating location or time
cui
Which; relative pronoun for things or people
le
The; feminine definite article or direct object pronoun
utilizzava
Used; third person singular imperfect of utilizzare
ad
To; preposition used before vowels instead of a
eccezione
Exception; a case not conforming to the rule
intestazioni
Headings; titles or captions of sections
dei
Of the; preposition combining di and ei
capitoli
Chapters; main divisions of a book
che
That; relative pronoun or conjunction
ho
I have; first person singular present of avere
scritto
Written; past participle of scrivere
interamente
Entirely; completely or wholly without exception
maiuscolo
Uppercase; capital letter or uppercase writing
laddove
Where; in the place in which something happens
usava
Used; third person singular imperfect of usare
una
A; feminine indefinite article or number one
combinazione
Combination; a joining or blending of elements
di
Of; preposition indicating possession or origin
corsivo
Italics; slanted typeface for emphasis or distinction
Laddove
Where; in the place in which something happens
evidente
Evident; clear or obvious to the mind
il
The; masculine singular definite article
serve
Serves; third person singular of servire
indicare
Indicate; to point out or show something
testo
Text; written or printed material or passage
riporta
Reports; third person singular of riportare
citazione
Quotation; exact words taken from a source
introdotto
Introduced; past participle of introdurre
virgolette
Quotation marks; punctuation enclosing quoted text
All
All; entire amount or quantity of something
interno
Inside; inner part or interior of something
mantenuto
Maintained; kept up or preserved over time
adottato
Adopted; taken up or accepted as one's own
da
By; preposition indicating agent or origin
sembra
Seems; third person singular of sembrare
essere
To be; fundamental verb of existence or state
usato
Used; practiced or employed customarily or regularly
per
For; preposition indicating purpose or duration
enfasi
Emphasis; special importance given to something
nomi
Names; words used to identify people things
propri
Proper; belonging exclusively to oneself
semplicemente
Simply; in a straightforward or uncomplicated manner
così
So; in this or that manner indicated
messo
Put; placed or set in a position
la
The; feminine singular definite article
lettera
Letter; character of alphabet or written message
iniziale
Initial; first or at the beginning stage
parole
Words; units of language or speech
Questo
This; referring to something nearby or present
ha
Has; third person singular present of avere
lo
The; masculine singular definite article
svantaggio
Disadvantage; unfavorable condition or circumstance
tali
Such; of that kind or quality specified
non
Not; negation or denial word in Italian
vengono
Come; third person plural present of venire
distinte
Distinguished; set apart or made recognizable
quelle
Those; plural feminine demonstrative pronoun
scriveva
Wrote; third person singular imperfect of scrivere
nel
In the; preposition combining in and el
normale
Normal; conforming to standard or usual pattern
ma
But; conjunction indicating contrast or exception
quantità
Quantity; amount or number of something
suo
His; masculine singular possessive adjective or pronoun
renderebbe
Would make; conditional third person of rendere
molto
Much; a great amount or very much
sgradevole
Unpleasant; disagreeable or displeasing to senses
se
If; conditional conjunction or reflexive pronoun
si
Oneself; reflexive pronoun or passive marker
usasse
Used; third person singular imperfect subjunctive
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