Leviathan — Page 8

English → Pt Preface Level 9/10

For by Art is created that great LEVIATHAN called a COMMON-WEALTH, or STATE, (in latine CIVITAS) which is but an Artificiall Man; though of greater stature and strength than the Naturall, for whose protection and defence it was intended; and in which, the Soveraignty is an Artificiall Soul, as giving life and motion to the whole body;

Pois pela Arte é criado aquele grande LEVIATÃ chamado COMMONWEALTH, ou ESTADO, (em latim CIVITAS) que não é senão um Homem Artificial; embora de maior estatura e força do que o Natural, para cuja proteção e defesa foi concebido; e no qual, a Soberania é uma Alma Artificial, como que dando vida e movimento a todo o corpo;

The Magistrates, and other Officers of Judicature and Execution, artificiall Joynts;

Os Magistrados, e outros Oficiais de Judicatura e Execução, Juntas Artificiais;

Reward and Punishment (by which fastned to the seat of the Soveraignty, every joynt and member is moved to performe his duty) are the Nerves, that do the same in the Body Naturall;

Recompensa e Punição (pelas quais, fixadas ao assento da Soberania, cada junta e membro é movido a cumprir o seu dever) são os Nervos, que fazem o mesmo no Corpo Natural;

The Wealth and Riches of all the particular members, are the Strength;

A Riqueza e os Bens de todos os membros particulares são a Força;

Salus Populi (the Peoples Safety) its Businesse;

Salus Populi (a Segurança do Povo) é o seu Propósito;

Counsellors, by whom all things needfull for it to know, are suggested unto it, are the Memory;

Os Conselheiros, por meio dos quais tudo o que é necessário saber lhe é sugerido, são a Memória;

Equity and Lawes, an artificiall Reason and Will;

A Equidade e as Leis, uma Razão e Vontade artificiais;

Concord, Health; Sedition, Sicknesse; and Civill War, Death.

A Concórdia, a Saúde; a Sedição, a Doença; e a Guerra Civil, a Morte.

Lastly, the Pacts and Covenants, by which the parts of this Body Politique were at first made, set together, and united, resemble that Fiat, or the Let Us Make Man, pronounced by God in the Creation.

Por fim, os Pactos e Convênios, pelos quais as partes deste Corpo Político foram inicialmente feitas, reunidas e unidas, assemelham-se àquele Fiat, ou ao Façamos o Homem, pronunciado por Deus na Criação.

To describe the Nature of this Artificiall man, I will consider

Para descrever a Natureza deste Homem Artificial, considerarei

First the Matter thereof, and the Artificer; both which is Man.

Primeiro a Matéria do mesmo, e o Artífice; ambos os quais são o Homem.

Secondly, How, and by what Covenants it is made; what are the Rights and just Power or Authority of a Soveraigne; and what it is that Preserveth and Dissolveth it.

Em segundo lugar, Como, e por meio de quais Convênios é feito; quais são os Direitos e o justo Poder ou Autoridade de um Soberano; e o que é que o Preserva e o Dissolve.

Thirdly, what is a Christian Common-Wealth.

Em terceiro lugar, o que é uma Commonwealth Cristã.

Vocabulary

Pois: pohys — Conjunction meaning 'because' or 'so, therefore'
pela: PEH-lah — Contraction of 'por' and 'a', meaning 'by the'
Arte: AR-chee — Art; human skill or creative craft
é: eh — Third person singular of 'ser'; means 'is'
criado: kree-AH-doo — Created; brought into existence by someone
aquele: ah-KEH-lee — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to distant thing
grande: GRAN-jee — Great or large; of considerable size or importance
chamado: shah-MAH-doo — Called; named; referred to by a particular name
ou: oh — Or; conjunction presenting an alternative option
ESTADO: es-TAH-doo — State; politically organized body or government
em: eng — In; preposition indicating location or context
latim: lah-CHEENG — Latin; the classical language of ancient Rome
que: kee — That; which; relative pronoun or conjunction
não: nowng — No; not; negation particle in Portuguese
senão: seh-NOWNG — But rather; except; introduces a contrasting clause
um: oong — A; one; indefinite article or numeral
Homem: OH-meng — Man; human being, especially adult male person
Artificial: ar-chee-fee-see-AHL — Artificial; made by human craft, not nature
embora: em-BOH-rah — Although; even though; concessive conjunction
de: jee — Of; from; preposition indicating origin or possession
maior: my-OR — Greater; larger; comparative adjective of size
estatura: es-tah-TOO-rah — Stature; height or standing of a person or thing
força: FOR-sah — Force; strength; power exerted by a body
do: doo — Contraction of 'de' and 'o'; meaning 'of the'
Natural: nah-too-RAHL — Natural; existing in or produced by nature
para: PAH-rah — For; to; preposition indicating purpose or direction
cuja: KOO-zhah — Whose; relative possessive pronoun, feminine form
proteção: proh-teh-SOWNG — Protection; act of keeping something safe from harm
defesa: deh-FEH-zah — Defense; protection against attack or danger
foi: foy — Was; third person singular past tense of 'ser/ir'
concebido: kon-seh-BEE-doo — Conceived; designed or imagined for a purpose
no: noo — Contraction of 'em' and 'o'; meaning 'in the'
a: ah — The; definite article, feminine singular form
Soberania: soh-beh-rah-NEE-ah — Sovereignty; supreme authority within a territory
uma: OO-mah — A; one; indefinite article, feminine singular form
Alma: AHL-mah — Soul; the spiritual or immaterial essence of a being
como: KOH-moo — As; like; how; conjunction or adverb of manner
dando: DAN-doo — Giving; present participle of 'dar'
vida: VEE-dah — Life; the condition of being alive and active
movimento: moh-vee-MEN-too — Movement; motion; act of changing position
todo: TOH-doo — All; every; the whole of something
corpo: KOR-poo — Body; the physical structure of a living being
Os: ohs — The; definite article, masculine plural form
Magistrados: mah-zhees-TRAH-dohs — Magistrates; officials with judicial or civil authority
outros: OH-trohs — Others; other; additional persons or things
Oficiais: oh-fee-see-AYS — Officers; officials holding positions of authority
Execução: eh-zeh-koo-SOWNG — Execution; carrying out of orders, laws, or sentences
Juntas: ZHOON-tahs — Joints; assemblies; connective points in a body
Artificiais: ar-chee-fee-see-AYS — Artificial; man-made; not natural, plural form
Recompensa: heh-kom-PEN-sah — Reward; compensation given for service or merit
Punição: poo-nee-SOWNG — Punishment; penalty imposed for wrongdoing
pelas: PEH-lahs — Contraction of 'por' and 'as'; meaning 'by the'
quais: kwahys — Which; relative pronoun, plural form
fixadas: feek-SAH-dahs — Fixed; attached; fastened firmly in place
ao: ow — Contraction of 'a' and 'o'; meaning 'to the'
assento: ah-SEN-too — Seat; position; place where something is situated
da: dah — Contraction of 'de' and 'a'; meaning 'of the'
cada: KAH-dah — Each; every; referring to individual members of group
junta: ZHOON-tah — Joint; council; assembly; a connecting point
membro: MEM-broo — Member; limb; part of a body or organization
movido: moh-VEE-doo — Moved; motivated; caused to act or change position
cumprir: koom-PREER — To fulfill; to carry out a duty or obligation
seu: seh-oo — His; her; its; your; possessive pronoun
dever: deh-VER — Duty; obligation; also infinitive 'must/to owe'
são: sowng — Are; third person plural of 'ser'; also means healthy
os: ohs — The; them; definite article or object pronoun, plural
Nervos: NER-vohs — Nerves; fibers transmitting signals through a body
fazem: FAH-zeng — Make; do; third person plural of 'fazer'
mesmo: MEZ-moo — Same; even; itself; used for emphasis or identity
Corpo: KOR-poo — Body; the physical frame of a living organism
A: ah — The; definite article, feminine singular form
Riqueza: hee-KEH-zah — Wealth; richness; abundance of valuable resources
Bens: bens — Goods; assets; property owned by individuals
todos: TOH-dohs — All; everyone; the entirety of a group
membros: MEM-brohs — Members; limbs; parts of a body or group
particulares: par-chee-koo-LAH-rehs — Particular; private; individual members of society
Força: FOR-sah — Force; strength; power of a body or institution
Segurança: seh-goo-RAN-sah — Security; safety; condition of being protected
Povo: POH-voo — People; the population of a nation or community
Propósito: proh-POH-zee-too — Purpose; aim; intention behind an action
Conselheiros: kon-seh-LYAY-rohs — Counselors; advisors who provide guidance to leaders
por: por — By; through; for; preposition of means or cause
meio: MAY-oo — Middle; means; medium through which something happens
dos: dohs — Contraction of 'de' and 'os'; meaning 'of the'
tudo: TOO-doo — Everything; all things; the totality of something
necessário: neh-seh-SAH-ree-oo — Necessary; required; essential for a purpose
saber: sah-BER — To know; to have knowledge or awareness of something
lhe: lyeh — To him; to her; to you; indirect object pronoun
sugerido: soo-zheh-REE-doo — Suggested; proposed; offered as an idea or option
Memória: meh-MOH-ree-ah — Memory; faculty of recalling past information
Equidade: eh-kwee-DAH-jee — Equity; fairness; just treatment under the law
as: ahs — The; definite article, feminine plural form
Leis: lays — Laws; rules established by authority for a community
Razão: hah-ZOWNG — Reason; rational faculty; logical thinking capacity
Vontade: von-TAH-jee — Will; desire; wish; the power of choosing
artificiais: ar-chee-fee-see-AYS — Artificial; man-made; not occurring naturally, plural
Concórdia: kon-KOR-jee-ah — Concord; harmony; peaceful agreement among people
Saúde: sah-OO-jee — Health; the state of being physically well
Sedição: seh-jee-SOWNG — Sedition; rebellion or incitement against authority
Doença: doo-EN-sah — Disease; illness; a condition of poor health
Guerra: GEH-hah — War; armed conflict between opposing groups or states
Civil: see-VEEL — Civil; relating to citizens or internal state affairs
Morte: MOR-chee — Death; the end of life; cessation of being alive
Por: por — By; for; through; preposition of cause or means
fim: feeng — End; finally; conclusion or last part of something
Pactos: PAK-tohs — Pacts; agreements; formal covenants between parties
Convênios: kon-VEH-nee-ohs — Agreements; covenants; formal arrangements between parties
pelos: PEH-lohs — Contraction of 'por' and 'os'; meaning 'by the'
partes: PAR-chehs — Parts; parties; sections or participants in agreement
deste: DES-chee — Contraction of 'de' and 'este'; meaning 'of this'
Político: poh-LEE-chee-koo — Political; relating to governance or political body
foram: FOH-rong — Were; third person plural past tense of 'ser/ir'
inicialmente: ee-nee-see-ahl-MEN-chee — Initially; at first; at the beginning of something
feitas: FAY-tahs — Made; done; past participle of 'fazer', feminine plural
reunidas: heh-oo-NEE-dahs — Gathered; assembled; brought together in one place
unidas: oo-NEE-dahs — United; joined together; combined into one entity
assemelham-se: ah-seh-MEH-lyowng-seh — They resemble; they are similar to something else
àquele: ah-KEH-lee — Contraction of 'a' and 'aquele'; to that one
Façamos: fah-SAH-mohs — Let us make; first person plural subjunctive of 'fazer'
pronunciado: proh-noon-see-AH-doo — Pronounced; spoken aloud; uttered formally
Deus: DEH-oos — God; the supreme divine being or deity
na: nah — Contraction of 'em' and 'a'; meaning 'in the'
Criação: kree-ah-SOWNG — Creation; the act of bringing something into existence
Para: PAH-rah — For; to; in order to; preposition indicating purpose
descrever: des-kreh-VER — To describe; to give an account of something
Natureza: nah-too-REH-zah — Nature; the natural world or essential character
considerarei: kon-see-deh-rah-REY — I will consider; first person future of 'considerar'
Primeiro: pree-MAY-roo — First; primary; the one that comes before others
Matéria: mah-TEH-ree-ah — Matter; material; substance of which things are made
ambos: AM-bohs — Both; referring to two things or people together
Em: eng — In; at; preposition indicating place or context
segundo: seh-GOON-doo — Second; following first; also means 'according to'
lugar: loo-GAR — Place; position; location where something is found
Como: KOH-moo — How; as; like; adverb or conjunction of manner
feito: FAY-too — Made; done; past participle of 'fazer'
Direitos: jee-RAY-tohs — Rights; entitlements belonging to individuals or states
justo: ZHOOS-too — Just; fair; righteous; conforming to justice
Poder: poh-DER — Power; authority; capacity to act or govern
Autoridade: ow-toh-ree-DAH-jee — Authority; legitimate power to command or govern
Soberano: soh-beh-RAH-noo — Sovereign; supreme ruler with highest political authority
Preserva: preh-ZER-vah — Preserves; keeps safe; maintains existence of something
Dissolve: jee-ZOL-vee — Dissolves; breaks up; causes to disintegrate or end
terceiro: ter-SAY-roo — Third; the ordinal number following second
Cristã: krees-TAN — Christian; relating to the religion of Christianity

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