Leviathan — Page 3
So that Sense in all cases, is nothing els but originall fancy, caused (as I have said) by the pressure, that is, by the motion, of externall things upon our Eyes, Eares, and other organs thereunto ordained.
De modo que o Sentido, em todos os casos, não é nada além da fantasia original, causada (como eu disse) pela pressão, isto é, pelo movimento, das coisas externas sobre nossos Olhos, Ouvidos e outros órgãos para isso destinados.
But the Philosophy-schooles, through all the Universities of Christendome, grounded upon certain Texts of Aristotle, teach another doctrine; and say, For the cause of Vision, that the thing seen, sendeth forth on every side a Visible Species(in English) a Visible Shew, Apparition, or Aspect, or a Being Seen; the receiving whereof into the Eye, is Seeing.
Mas as escolas de Filosofia, em todas as Universidades da Cristandade, baseadas em certos Textos de Aristóteles, ensinam outra doutrina; e dizem, quanto à causa da Visão, que a coisa vista emite por todos os lados uma Espécie Visível (em português) um Espetáculo Visível, Aparição, ou Aspecto, ou um Ser Visto; cuja recepção pelo Olho constitui o Ver.
And for the cause of Hearing, that the thing heard, sendeth forth an Audible Species, that is, an Audible Aspect, or Audible Being Seen; which entring at the Eare, maketh Hearing.
E quanto à causa da Audição, que a coisa ouvida emite uma Espécie Audível, isto é, um Aspecto Audível, ou um Ser Audível Visto; o qual, entrando pelo Ouvido, produz a Audição.
Nay for the cause of Understanding also, they say the thing Understood sendeth forth Intelligible Species, that is, an Intelligible Being Seen; which comming into the Understanding, makes us Understand.
Mais ainda, quanto à causa do Entendimento, dizem que a coisa Entendida emite Espécies Inteligíveis, isto é, um Ser Inteligível Visto; o qual, chegando ao Entendimento, nos faz Entender.
I say not this, as disapproving the use of Universities: but because I am to speak hereafter of their office in a Common-wealth, I must let you see on all occasions by the way, what things would be amended in them; amongst which the frequency of insignificant Speech is one.
Não digo isso desaprovando o uso das Universidades: mas porque devo falar adiante sobre seu papel numa República, devo mostrar-vos em todas as ocasiões, ao longo do caminho, que coisas nelas deveriam ser corrigidas; entre as quais a frequência de Discurso insignificante é uma.
Vocabulary
- modo
- mo-du — Manner or way of doing something
- Sentido
- sen-tee-du — Sense, meaning, or direction
- todos
- to-dus — All or every, masculine plural form
- casos
- ka-zus — Cases, instances, or situations
- nada
- na-da — Nothing, not anything at all
- além
- a-lem — Beyond or in addition to something
- fantasia
- fan-ta-zee-a — Fantasy, imagination, or fanciful illusion
- original
- o-ri-ji-nal — Original, first, or initial in nature
- causada
- kaw-za-da — Caused or produced by something else
- disse
- dee-se — Past tense of 'dizer', meaning 'said'
- pressão
- pre-sow — Pressure or force applied to something
- isto
- ees-tu — This, referring to something nearby or just mentioned
- movimento
- mo-vi-men-tu — Movement or motion of a body or object
- coisas
- koy-zas — Things, objects, or matters in general
- externas
- ex-ter-nas — External, outside, or outward things
- sobre
- so-bre — On, over, or about something
- nossos
- no-sus — Our, possessive pronoun for masculine plural
- Olhos
- o-lyus — Eyes, the organs used for seeing
- Ouvidos
- o-vee-dus — Ears, the organs used for hearing
- outros
- o-trus — Other or others, referring to additional items
- órgãos
- or-gows — Organs, bodily parts serving specific functions
- isso
- ee-su — That, referring to something previously mentioned
- destinados
- des-ti-na-dus — Destined or designated for a specific purpose
- escolas
- es-ko-las — Schools, institutions of learning and education
- Filosofia
- fi-lu-zo-fee-a — Philosophy, study of fundamental nature of knowledge
- todas
- to-das — All or every, feminine plural form
- Universidades
- u-ni-ver-si-da-des — Universities, higher education institutions
- Cristandade
- kris-tan-da-de — Christendom, the community of Christian nations
- baseadas
- ba-ze-a-das — Based on or founded upon something specific
- certos
- ser-tus — Certain or specific, referring to particular things
- Textos
- tex-tus — Texts, written works or passages studied
- Aristóteles
- a-ris-to-te-les — Aristotle, ancient Greek philosopher and polymath
- ensinam
- en-si-nam — They teach, third person plural of 'ensinar'
- outra
- o-tra — Another or other, feminine singular form
- doutrina
- do-tree-na — Doctrine, a set of taught beliefs or principles
- dizem
- dee-zem — They say, third person plural of 'dizer'
- quanto
- kwan-tu — How much or as regards, indicating degree
- causa
- kaw-za — Cause, reason, or source of an effect
- Visão
- vi-zow — Vision or sight, the sense of seeing
- coisa
- koy-za — Thing, object, or matter in general
- vista
- vees-ta — Seen or view, past participle of 'ver'
- emite
- e-mee-te — Emits or sends out something from itself
- lados
- la-dus — Sides, the lateral surfaces or directions
- Espécie
- es-pe-sye — Species, kind, or type of something
- Visível
- vi-zee-vel — Visible, able to be seen by the eye
- português
- por-tu-ges — Portuguese language or person from Portugal
- Espetáculo
- es-pe-ta-ku-lu — Spectacle or show, something visually remarkable
- Aparição
- a-pa-ri-sow — Apparition or appearance, a ghostly visible form
- Aspecto
- as-pek-tu — Aspect or appearance of something observed
- Ser
- ser — To be, or a being, entity that exists
- Visto
- vees-tu — Seen, past participle of 'ver' to see
- cuja
- ku-zha — Whose, a relative pronoun indicating possession
- recepção
- re-sep-sow — Reception, the act of receiving something
- Olho
- o-lyu — Eye, the organ of sight
- constitui
- kons-ti-twi — Constitutes or makes up something entirely
- Ver
- ver — To see, the act of perceiving visually
- Audição
- aw-di-sow — Hearing, the sense of perceiving sound
- ouvida
- o-vee-da — Heard, past participle of 'ouvir' to hear
- Audível
- aw-dee-vel — Audible, able to be heard by the ear
- qual
- kwal — Which or that, a relative pronoun
- entrando
- en-tran-du — Entering, present participle of 'entrar'
- Ouvido
- o-vee-du — Ear, the organ of hearing
- produz
- pro-duz — Produces or generates something as a result
- Mais
- mays — More, indicating greater quantity or degree
- ainda
- a-een-da — Still, yet, or even, adding emphasis
- Entendimento
- en-ten-di-men-tu — Understanding or intellect, capacity to comprehend
- Entendida
- en-ten-dee-da — Understood, past participle of 'entender'
- Espécies
- es-pe-syes — Species or kinds, plural of espécie
- Inteligíveis
- in-te-li-zhee-veys — Intelligible, able to be understood by the mind
- Inteligível
- in-te-li-zhee-vel — Intelligible, comprehensible to the intellect
- chegando
- she-gan-du — Arriving or reaching, present participle of 'chegar'
- faz
- faz — Makes or does, third person singular of 'fazer'
- Entender
- en-ten-der — To understand or comprehend something mentally
- digo
- dee-gu — I say, first person singular of 'dizer'
- desaprovando
- de-za-pro-van-du — Disapproving of, present participle of 'desaprovar'
- uso
- u-zu — Use or usage of something
- porque
- por-ke — Because, conjunction giving a reason
- devo
- de-vu — I must or I owe, first person of 'dever'
- falar
- fa-lar — To speak or talk about something
- adiante
- a-dyan-te — Ahead or further on, later in discourse
- seu
- se-u — His, her, or its, possessive pronoun
- papel
- pa-pel — Role or paper, function something plays
- República
- re-pu-bli-ka — Republic, a state governed by elected representatives
- mostrar-vos
- mos-trar-vus — To show you all, reflexive verb with pronoun
- ocasiões
- o-ka-zyons — Occasions or opportunities when something occurs
- longo
- lon-gu — Long, extended in length or duration
- caminho
- ka-mee-nyu — Path, road, or way toward a destination
- nelas
- ne-las — In them, contraction of 'em' and 'elas'
- deveriam
- They should, conditional of 'dever'
- ser
- ser — To be, infinitive of the verb 'ser'
- corrigidas
- ko-hi-zhee-das — Corrected, past participle of 'corrigir'
- entre
- en-tre — Between or among, preposition of position
- quais
- kwais — Which ones, plural relative pronoun
- frequência
- fre-kwen-sya — Frequency, how often something occurs
- Discurso
- dis-kur-su — Discourse or speech, formal verbal expression
- insignificante
- in-sig-ni-fi-kan-te — Insignificant, lacking importance or meaning
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