Little Women — Page 5

Vocabulary

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the subject.

青い

aoi — Blue or pale in color.

軍用

gunyō — For military use; military-purpose.

靴下

kutsushita — Socks or stockings worn on feet.

を

o — Object-marking particle indicating direct object.

振り回し

furimawashi — Swinging or brandishing something around wildly.

編み針

aminari / amibari — Knitting needle used for knitting yarn.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle identifying the grammatical subject.

カスタネット

kasutanetto — Castanets; a percussion instrument clicked together.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

よう

yō — Like; similar to; in the manner of.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or manner.

カチカチ

kachikachi — Clicking or clacking sound made repeatedly.

と

to — Particle meaning 'and,' 'with,' or quotation marker.

鳴る

naru — To sound; to ring; to make a noise.

ほど

hodo — To the extent that; so much that.

し

shi — Conjunctive form listing reasons or actions.

毛糸玉

keito dama — A ball of knitting yarn.

部屋

heya — A room inside a building or house.

向こう

mukō — The other side; over there; beyond.

へ

e — Directional particle indicating movement toward something.

跳ん

ton(de) — Jumped; leaped (conjunctive form of 跳ぶ).

で

de — Te-form of copula; at/by means of (particle).

いっ

it(ta) — Went (contracted conjunctive form of 行く).

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb ending.

かわいそう

kawaisō — Pitiful; poor thing; deserving of sympathy.

な

na — Adjectival particle connecting na-adjectives to nouns.

本当に

hontō ni — Truly; really; genuinely.

残念

zannen — Unfortunate; regrettable; disappointing.

だ

da — Copula meaning 'is' or 'am' (plain form).

けど

kedo — But; however; though (casual conjunction).

仕方

shikata — Way of doing; method; means.

ない

nai — Negation; does not exist; there is not.

わ

wa — Sentence-final particle expressing feminine assertion.

だから

dakara — Therefore; that is why; so.

名前

namae — Name of a person or thing.

男の子

otoko no ko — A boy; a male child.

っぽく

ppoku — Suffix meaning '-ish' or 'seeming like.'

て

te — Te-form conjunctive particle connecting actions.

私

watashi — I; me (first-person pronoun).

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or pronouns.

女の子

onna no ko — A girl; a female child.

兄弟

kyōdai — Siblings; brothers and sisters.

役

yaku — Role; part; function; duty.

務める

tsutomeru — To serve in a role; to fulfill a duty.

こと

koto — Thing; matter; fact (nominalizer).

満足

manzoku — Satisfaction; contentment; fulfillment.

する

suru — To do; to perform an action.

なく

naku — Without; lacking (negative conjunctive form).

ちゃ

cha — Contraction of 'ては'; must do (casual).

言い

ii (conjunctive of iu) — Said; spoke (conjunctive form of 言う).

どれ

dore — Which one; whichever (of three or more).

皿洗い

saraai — Washing dishes; dishwashing chore.

や

ya — And; or (listing particle, non-exhaustive).

掃除

sōji — Cleaning; tidying up a space.

も

mo — Also; too; even (inclusive particle).

その

sono — That (demonstrative adjective near listener).

優し

yasashi (stem) — Gentle; kind; tender in character.

さ

sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives into nouns (-ness).

失わ

ushinawa (stem) — Losing; being deprived of something precious.

れる

reru — Passive auxiliary verb; to be done to.

手

te — Hand; hands (body part).

ごわごわ

gowagowa — Rough; stiff; coarse to the touch.

頭

atama — Head; the top part of the body.

撫で

nade (te-form) — Stroking; patting gently (conjunctive of 撫でる).

あなた

anata — You (second-person pronoun, polite).

つい

tsui — Unintentionally; before one realizes; inadvertently.

言え

ie (conditional/potential stem) — Can say; if one says (form of 言う).

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when.'

続け

tsuzuke (te-form stem) — Continuing; going on (conjunctive of 続ける).

あまり

amari — Too much; not very (with negative); excessively.

気取り

kidori — Affectation; putting on airs; pretentiousness.

すぎ

sugi — Too much; excessive (suffix following verb/adjective).

堅苦し

katakurushi (stem) — Stiff; overly formal; uncomfortably rigid.

すぎる

sugiru — To be too much; to exceed a proper degree.

今

ima — Now; at this moment; currently.

気取っ

kidot(te) — Putting on airs; acting pretentiously (conjunctive).

様子

yōsu — Appearance; state; situation; manner.

おかしい

okashii — Strange; odd; funny; peculiar.

けれど

keredo — But; however; although (conjunction).

気

ki — Spirit; mind; feeling; attention.

つけ

tsuke (imperative/conjunctive) — Watch out; be careful (from 気をつける).

小さな

chiisana — Small; little; tiny (prenominal adjective).

お

o — Honorific prefix added to nouns or adjectives.

馬鹿

baka — Fool; idiot; stupid person or thing.

さん

san — Honorific suffix for names or nouns.

育っ

sodot(te) — Grew up; was raised (conjunctive of 育つ).

しまう

shimau — To end up doing; to finish (auxiliary verb).

よ

yo — Sentence-final particle asserting or emphasizing.

上品

jōhin — Elegant; refined; of good taste.

ぶろう

burō (volitional of ぶる) — Let's pretend to be; act as if (volitional).

い

i — Existential verb or adjective ending (iru/i-adj).

とき

toki — Time; moment; occasion when something occurs.

礼儀正しい

reigi tadashii — Polite; well-mannered; courteous in behavior.

態度

taido — Attitude; manner; bearing toward others.

洗練

senren — Refinement; polish; sophistication; elegance.

れ

re — Passive/potential auxiliary or conjunctive form.

話し方

hanashikata — Way of speaking; manner of expression.

好き

suki — Like; fond of; to love something.

でも

demo — But; however; even so (conjunction).

変な

hen na — Strange; weird; unusual; odd.

言葉遣い

Word choice; manner of using language.

俗語

zokugo — Slang; colloquial or vulgar language.

同じ

onaji — Same; identical; equal in nature.

くらい

kurai — About; approximately; to the extent of.

ひどい

hidoi — Terrible; awful; severe; cruel.

おてんば

otenba — Tomboy; a girl with boisterous lively energy.

なら

nara — If; as for; in the case of (conditional).

何

nani / nan — What; which thing (interrogative pronoun).

尋ね

tazune (conjunctive) — Asked; inquired (conjunctive form of 尋ねる).

自分

jibun — Oneself; myself; yourself; one's own self.

お説教

osekkyō — A lecture; a sermon; moral preaching.

仲間

nakama — Companion; fellow; member of a group.

入る

hairu — To enter; to join; to become part of.

覚悟

kakugo — Preparedness; resolution; being ready for consequences.

でき

deki (conjunctive) — Can do; is possible (conjunctive of できる).

可愛い

kawaii — Cute; adorable; lovable; charming.

子

ko — Child; kid; young one.

それ

sore — That; that thing (demonstrative pronoun).

だけ

dake — Only; just; merely; no more than.

温かく

atatakaku — Warmly; in a warm and kind manner.

答え

kotae — Answer; response; reply to a question.

誰

dare — Who; which person (interrogative pronoun).

反論

hanron — Objection; counterargument; refutation.

なかっ

nakata (past negative stem) — Did not; there was not (past negative).

なぜなら

nazenara — Because; the reason being; for the reason that.

ネズミ

nezumi — Mouse; rat; a small rodent.

ちゃん

chan — Affectionate honorific suffix for names.

家族

kazoku — Family; one's household members.

みんな

minna — Everyone; all; everybody together.

可愛がら

kawaigara (stem) — Being loved; being cherished fondly (passive stem).

から

kara — From; because; since (particle).

若い

wakai — Young; youthful; of a young age.

読者

dokusha — Reader; a person who reads something.

人

hito / jin — Person; human being; people.

どんな

donna — What kind of; what sort of.

か

ka — Question particle indicating inquiry or uncertainty.

知り

shiri (conjunctive) — Knowing; learning (conjunctive form of 知る).

たがる

tagaru — To want to do; to be eager to do.

もの

mono — Thing; object; one who does (nominalizer).

ここ

koko — Here; this place; right here.

四人

yonin — Four people; a group of four persons.

姉妹

shimai — Sisters; female siblings.

簡単

kantan — Simple; easy; brief; uncomplicated.

描写

byōsha — Description; depiction; portrayal of something.

おこ

oko (stem of おこなう/おこす) — To carry out; to do; to perform (stem).

う

u — Volitional ending meaning 'let's' or 'shall.'

彼女

kanojo — She; her; girlfriend.

夕暮れ

yūgure — Dusk; twilight; the evening hours.

時

toki — Time; hour; when; moment.

編み物

amimono — Knitting; crocheting; knitted handiwork.

ながら

nagara — While doing; at the same time as.

座っ

suwat(te) — Sitting; seated (conjunctive of 座る).

おり

ori — Was; were; being present (formal form of いる).

外

soto — Outside; the exterior; outdoors.

十二月

jūnigatsu — December; the twelfth month of the year.

雪

yuki — Snow; the white frozen precipitation.

静か

shizuka — Quiet; calm; silent; peaceful.

降り積もり

furitsumori — Snow piling up; accumulating as it falls.

暖炉

danro — Fireplace; hearth; a fire-warming fixture.

中

naka — Inside; within; the middle of something.

火

hi — Fire; flame; a burning blaze.

陽気

yōki — Cheerful; merry; lively; in good spirits.

パチパチ

pachipachi — Crackling or popping sound of a fire.

はぜ

haze — To pop; to crackle; to burst open (fire).