Meditations — Page 1

Vocabulary

MEDITACIONES

Title of Marcus Aurelius's philosophical reflections book

Por

Preposition meaning 'by' or 'for'

CONTENIDO

Table of contents; the content of a work

NOTAS

Notes or annotations within a text

INTRODUCCIÓN

Introduction or opening section of a book

PRIMER

First; ordinal number preceding 'segundo'

LIBRO

Book; a written or printed literary work

SEGUNDO

Second; the ordinal number after first

TERCER

Third; ordinal number following second

CUARTO

Fourth; also means 'room' in Spanish

QUINTO

Fifth; ordinal number following fourth

SEXTO

Sixth; ordinal number following fifth

SÉPTIMO

Seventh; ordinal number following sixth

OCTAVO

Eighth; ordinal number following seventh

NOVENO

Ninth; ordinal number following eighth

DÉCIMO

Tenth; ordinal number following ninth

UNDÉCIMO

Eleventh; ordinal number following tenth

DUODÉCIMO

Twelfth; ordinal number following eleventh

APÉNDICE

Appendix; supplementary material at book's end

GLOSARIO

Glossary; list of terms with their definitions

MARCO

Frame; also a common Spanish male name

nació

Was born; past tense of nacer

el

Definite article 'the' for masculine nouns

de

Preposition meaning 'of' or 'from'

abril

April; the fourth month of the year

del

Contraction of 'de' and 'el' meaning 'of the'

año

Year; a period of twelve months

Su

Possessive pronoun meaning 'his,' 'her,' or 'its'

verdadero

True or real; describing something genuine or authentic

nombre

Name; a word used to identify a person

era

Was; past imperfect tense of the verb ser

y

Conjunction meaning 'and' connecting words or clauses

procedía

Came from; originated from a particular place or lineage

una

Indefinite article meaning 'a' for feminine nouns

noble

Noble; of high social rank or distinguished lineage

familia

Family; a group of related people living together

que

Relative pronoun or conjunction meaning 'that' or 'which'

afirmaba

Affirmed or claimed; past imperfect of afirmar

descender

To descend or to be descended from an ancestor

segundo

Second; ordinal number or a unit of time

Rey

King; a male monarch ruling over a kingdom

Roma

Rome; the capital city of ancient and modern Italy

Así

Thus or so; indicating a consequence or result

más

More; used for comparisons or to indicate greater degree

religioso

Religious; devout or pertaining to religion or faith

los

Definite article 'the' for masculine plural nouns

emperadores

Emperors; rulers of an empire or large territory

provenía

Came from; originated or descended from a source

la

Definite article 'the' for feminine singular nouns

sangre

Blood; the red fluid flowing through living bodies

piadoso

Pious or devout; showing reverence and religious devotion

primeros

First; plural masculine form of the ordinal 'primero'

reyes

Kings; plural of rey, male monarchs of kingdoms

padre

Father; a male parent or paternal figure

había

Had; past perfect auxiliary verb from haber

ocupado

Occupied or held; past participle of ocupar

altos

High or tall; plural adjective describing elevated positions

cargos

Positions or offices; official roles or responsibilities held

en

Preposition meaning 'in,' 'on,' or 'at'

su

Possessive adjective meaning 'his,' 'her,' or 'their'

abuelo

Grandfather; the father of one's parent

mismo

Same or himself; used for emphasis or identity

sido

Been; past participle of the verb ser

cónsul

Consul; a high Roman magistrate or diplomatic official

tres

Three; the cardinal number between two and four

ocasiones

Occasions or instances; specific times when something occurred

Ambos

Both; referring to two people or things together

padres

Parents; a father and mother collectively

murieron

Died; third person plural preterite of morir

jóvenes

Young; plural adjective describing people of young age

pero

But; conjunction used to introduce a contrasting idea

recordaba

Remembered; past imperfect tense of recordar

con

With; preposition indicating accompaniment or association

cariño

Affection or fondness; warm feeling toward someone

Tras

After or following; preposition indicating sequence in time

muerte

Death; the end of life of a person

fue

Was or went; preterite tense of ser or ir

adoptado

Adopted; taken legally as one's own child

por

By or for; preposition indicating cause or agent

consular

Consular; relating to a consul or of consular rank

entre

Between or among; preposition indicating position or relationship

ambos

Both; referring to two entities simultaneously

existía

Existed; past imperfect of existir indicating ongoing existence

un

Indefinite article meaning 'a' for masculine nouns

profundo

Deep or profound; describing great depth or intensity

amor

Love; a strong affectionate feeling toward someone

En

In or on; preposition indicating location or time

primera

First; feminine ordinal adjective indicating position one

página

Page; one side of a leaf in a book

libro

Book; a written or printed literary work

declara

Declares or states; third person singular of declarar

gratitud

Gratitude; thankfulness for kindness or benefits received

cómo

How; interrogative or exclamatory adverb of manner

aprendido

Learned; past participle of aprender indicating acquired knowledge

a

Preposition meaning 'to' or 'at'

ser

To be; essential Spanish verb indicating identity or essence

amable

Kind or friendly; describing a pleasant and gentle person

manso

Gentle or meek; calm and mild in temperament

abstenerse

To abstain or refrain from doing something

toda

All or every; feminine singular form of todo

ira

Anger or wrath; intense feeling of displeasure

pasión

Passion; a strong and intense emotion or feeling

El

Definite article 'the' for masculine singular nouns

emperador

Emperor; the supreme ruler of an empire

adivinó

Guessed or perceived; preterite of adivinar

carácter

Character or personality; the nature of a person

muchacho

Boy or young man; an informal word for youth

quien

Who; relative pronoun referring to a person

solía

Used to; past imperfect of soler indicating habit

llamar

To call or to name; to address someone by name

no

No or not; negation particle in Spanish

sino

But rather; used to contrast a negated statement

Veraz

Truthful or veracious; describing someone who tells truth

propio

Own or proper; belonging to oneself specifically

Promovió

Promoted; preterite of promover meaning to advance someone

al

Contraction of 'a' and 'el' meaning 'to the'

rango

Rank or status; a level within a hierarchy

ecuestre

Equestrian; relating to the Roman knightly social order

cuando

When; conjunction or adverb indicating time

tenía

Had; past imperfect tense of tener

seis

Six; the cardinal number between five and seven

años

Years; plural of año, used for age or time

edad

Age; the length of time someone has lived

ocho

Eight; the cardinal number between seven and nine

lo

Him or it; direct object pronoun for masculine nouns

hizo

Made or did; preterite tense of hacer

miembro

Member; a person belonging to a group or organization

antiguo

Ancient or old; describing something from the distant past

sacerdocio

Priesthood; the office or role of being a priest

La

Definite article 'the' for feminine singular nouns

tía

Aunt; the sister of one's parent

estaba

Was; past imperfect of estar indicating a state or condition

casada

Married; feminine past participle describing a wed woman

Pío

Pious or devout; epithet of Emperor Antoninus Pius

posteriormente

Subsequently or later; indicating something that happened afterward

sería

Would be; conditional tense of ser