Middlemarch — Page 2

Vocabulary

多く

ooku — Many, much; a large number or quantity

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings

が

ga — Subject-marking particle in Japanese grammar

生まれ

umare — Birth; to be born into the world

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases

き

ki — Auxiliary indicating completed action toward speaker

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb in Japanese

彼女

kanojo — She; her; third-person female pronoun

は

wa — Topic-marking particle highlighting sentence subject

遠く

tooku — Far away; a great distance from here

まで

made — Until; up to; as far as

響き

hibiki — Resonance; echo; a ringing or reverberating sound

渡る

wataru — To cross over; spread across a wide range

行為

koui — Act; action; deed performed by someone

絶えず

taezu — Constantly; without ceasing; continuously happening

展開

tenkai — Development; unfolding; spreading out of events

さ

sa — Nominalizing suffix; also casual sentence-final particle

れる

reru — Passive auxiliary verb indicating receiving an action

よう

you — Appears; seems; like; manner or appearance

な

na — Adjectival linking particle for na-adjectives

叙事詩

jojishi — Epic poem; narrative poetry of heroic deeds

的

teki — Suffix meaning '-like', '-ish', or '-ic'

人生

jinsei — Life; one's lifetime journey and experiences

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating direct object

見出す

midasu — To find out; discover; identify something within

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer for verbal concepts

でき

deki — Can; be able to; be possible

なかっ

nakatt(a) — Was not; negative past form of 'nai'

おそらく

osoraku — Probably; perhaps; most likely the case

それ

sore — That; it; referring to something near listener

ある

aru — To exist; to be; there is (inanimate)

種

shurui / tane — Kind; type; sort; a category of things

精神

seishin — Spirit; mind; mentality; inner mental strength

崇高

suukou — Sublime; lofty; noble and elevated in character

と

to — And; with; quotation or conjunction particle

機会

kikai — Opportunity; chance; occasion to do something

貧し

mazushi — Poor; meager; lacking sufficient resources or means

不

fu — Negative prefix meaning 'un-', 'in-', or 'dis-'

釣り合い

tsuriai — Balance; proportion; equilibrium between two things

に

ni — Directional or locative particle; at, in, to

結び

musubi — Tie; bond; connection linking two things together

つい

tsui — Unintentionally; ending up doing; accidentally

過ち

ayamachi — Mistake; error; fault; wrongdoing committed unintentionally

連続

renzoku — Continuation; series; succession of repeated events

する

suru — To do; to perform; general-purpose action verb

過ぎ

sugi — Too much; excessive; going beyond a limit

か

ka — Question particle; or; expressing uncertainty

も

mo — Also; too; even; as well particle

しれ

shire — Might; may; used in 'kamoshirenai' (perhaps)

ない

nai — Negative ending; does not exist; is not

聖

sei / hijiri — Holy; sacred; saint; divine or saintly person

なる

naru — To become; to turn into something different

詩人

shijin — Poet; a person who writes poetry

恵まれ

megumare — Blessed with; gifted; fortunate to have something

ず

zu — Negative classical auxiliary; without doing something

誰

dare — Who; anyone; referring to an unknown person

悼ま

itama — To mourn; grieve; lament someone's death

なく

naku — Without; not having; lacking (conjunctive negative)

忘却

boukyaku — Oblivion; complete forgetting; falling into forgetfulness

淵

fuchi — Abyss; deep pool; bottomless depth or chasm

へ

e — Directional particle meaning toward or into

沈ん

shizun(de) — Sinking; submerging; descending into depths

で

de — At; by means of; connective or locative particle

いっ

itt(a) — Went; moved away; past form of 'iku'

悲劇

higeki — Tragedy; a tragic event or theatrical genre

失敗

shippai — Failure; mistake; an unsuccessful attempt or outcome

あっ

att(a) — Was; existed; there was (past of 'aru')

薄暗い

usugurai — Dim; dusky; faintly dark and poorly lit

光

hikari — Light; radiance; illumination from a source

中

naka / chuu — Inside; middle; among; within a space

複雑

fukuzatsu — Complex; complicated; intricate and difficult to understand

絡み合っ

karamiat(te) — Entangled; intertwined; intricately wound together

状況

joukyou — Situation; circumstances; current state of affairs

自ら

mizukara — Oneself; personally; by one's own effort

思想

shisou — Thought; ideology; philosophical ideas or beliefs

行動

koudou — Action; behavior; conduct; way of acting

調和

chouwa — Harmony; accord; balance between different elements

もと

moto — Under; based on; origin; foundation or basis

形作ろ

katachizukuro — To shape; form; mold into a certain form

う

u — Volitional suffix expressing intention or conjecture

し

shi — And; but; conjunctive particle listing reasons

しかし

shikashi — However; but; nevertheless; contrasting conjunction

結局

kekkyoku — In the end; after all; ultimately resulting in

ところ

tokoro — Place; point; the fact or situation that

普通

futsuu — Ordinary; normal; usual; commonplace and unremarkable

目

me — Eye; gaze; viewpoint; perspective of an observer

苦闘

kutou — Struggle; hard fight; striving against great difficulty

単なる

tan'naru — Mere; only; nothing more than something simple

矛盾

mujun — Contradiction; inconsistency; conflicting statements or actions

無

mu — Nothingness; void; prefix meaning absence or lack

定形

teikei — Fixed form; definite shape; standardized pattern

しか

shika — Only; nothing but (used with negatives)

見え

mie — Appears; looks; is visible to the eye

なぜ

naze — Why; for what reason; asking for explanation

なら

nara — If; in that case; conditional conjunctive particle

この

kono — This (before noun); referring to nearby thing

後世

kousei — Posterity; future generations; later ages or eras

熱烈

netsuretsu — Passionate; ardent; intensely enthusiastic and fervent

意志

ishi — Will; volition; determination; firm mental intention

魂

tamashii — Soul; spirit; inner essence of a person

対し

taishi — Toward; against; in relation to something

知識

chishiki — Knowledge; learning; information acquired through study

機能

kinou — Function; role; the way something operates

果たし

hatashi — To fulfill; accomplish; carry out a role

得る

eru / uru — To gain; obtain; be able to do

一貫

ikkan — Consistency; coherence; maintaining a unified stance

社会

shakai — Society; community; the social world at large

信仰

shinkou — Faith; religious belief; devotion to a doctrine

秩序

chitsujyo — Order; discipline; organized structure of society

存在

sonzai — Existence; being; the state of existing

から

kara — From; because; since; starting point particle

熱情

netsujou — Passion; ardor; intense and burning emotional desire

漠然

bakuzen — Vague; obscure; dim and undefined in character

理想

risou — Ideal; an aspired-to perfect standard or concept

女性

josei — Woman; female; the female gender in general

一般

ippan — General; common; ordinary; applying broadly to all

切望

setsubou — Longing; ardent desire; yearning deeply for something

間

aida / ma — Between; interval; gap of time or space

行き来

ikiki — Coming and going; back and forth movement

そのため

sonotame — Therefore; for that reason; consequently resulting from

一方

ippou — On one hand; meanwhile; one direction or side

度

do / tabi — Degree; time; occasion; unit of measurement

越し

koshi — Over; beyond; crossing over a boundary or limit

非難

hinan — Criticism; blame; reproach directed at someone's conduct

他方

tahou — On the other hand; the other side

堕落

daraku — Corruption; moral decay; falling into depravity

断罪

danzai — Condemnation; conviction; judging someone as guilty

こう

kou — This way; thus; in this manner

失策

shissaku — Blunder; misstep; a strategic or tactical error

満ち

michi — Full of; filled with; brimming over with

最高

saikou — Highest; best; supreme; the greatest level possible

力

chikara — Power; strength; force; ability to exert effort

本性

honsei / honshou — True nature; inherent character; one's real self

形作る

katachizukuru — To shape; to form; to give structure to

際

sai — Occasion; time; when; at the moment of

与え

atae — To give; provide; grant something to someone

不都合

futsugou — Inconvenience; disadvantage; something inappropriate or unsuitable

曖昧

aimai — Ambiguous; vague; unclear and open to interpretation

起因

kiin — Cause; origin; factor leading to a result

感じる

kanjiru — To feel; to sense; to perceive emotionally

者

mono / sha — Person; one who; individual defined by a role

いる

iru — To exist; to be present (animate beings)

もし

moshi — If; suppose; used to introduce a hypothesis

無能

munou — Incompetence; inability; lacking skill or capability

三つ

mittsu — Three (things); the number three in Japanese

数え

kazoe — To count; enumerate; list items one by one

られ

rare — Passive/potential auxiliary verb form in Japanese

いう

iu — To say; to call; to be called something

能力

nouryoku — Ability; capability; skill; one's innate or learned talent

同じ

onaji — Same; identical; equal to something else

くらい

kurai — About; approximately; to the extent of something

厳密

genmitsu — Strict; precise; rigorous and exact in detail

一定

ittei — Fixed; constant; definite; a set standard level

水準

suijun — Level; standard; benchmark of quality or achievement

定まっ

sadamat(te) — Settled; fixed; established firmly in place

ば

ba — If; conditional particle expressing hypothetical situations

境遇

kyouguu — Circumstances; one's situation in life; personal lot

科学

kagaku — Science; systematic study of the natural world

確実

kakujitsu — Certain; definite; reliable and sure to happen

性

sei / shou — Nature; character; suffix indicating a quality or nature

もっ

mot(te) — Having; with; by means of (conjunctive of motsu)

論じる

ronjiru — To discuss; argue; deliberate on a topic

できる

dekiru — To be able; can do; to be possible

ながら

nagara — While doing; even though; simultaneous action particle

その

sono — That (before noun); referring to a specific thing

依然

izen — Still; as before; unchanged from a previous state

残っ

nokot(te) — Remained; stayed behind; persisted after others left

おり

ori — Is (humble/literary form of 'iru'); being present

変異

hen'i — Variation; mutation; change in form or character

幅

haba — Width; breadth; range; the extent of variation

髪型

kamigata — Hairstyle; the way someone wears their hair

画一

kakuitsu — Uniformity; standardization; making everything the same

や

ya — And; listing particle connecting nouns (non-exhaustive)

散文

sanbun — Prose; written language not in verse form

韻文

inbun — Verse; poetry; writing with rhyme and meter

おける

okeru — In; at; pertaining to a certain place or field

好ま

konomu / konoma — To prefer; to like; to favor something

恋愛

ren'ai — Romance; romantic love; falling in love with someone

物語

monogatari — Story; tale; narrative account of events

想像

souzou — Imagination; fancy; mentally picturing something unreal

より

yori — Than; from; more than; comparative particle

実際

jissai — Reality; actually; in practice; real-world situation

はるかに

haruka ni — Far more; by far; to a much greater degree

広い

hiroi — Wide; broad; spacious; extending over a large area