Middlemarch — Page 2

Vocabulary

淑女

shukujo — A refined, well-mannered lady of good breeding.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location, or context.

ある

aru — To exist; to be (for inanimate things).

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer for verb phrases.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle.

誇り

hokori — Pride; a sense of honor or self-respect.

も

mo — Also; too; even (additive particle).

それ

sore — That; referring to something previously mentioned.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or indirect object.

関係

kankei — Relationship; connection; relevance between things.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of する (to do); listing reasons.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential actions.

い

i — Stem of いる; indicates ongoing state or action.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb ending.

家

ke / ie — Family; household; one's house or lineage.

縁故

engo — Family connection; personal ties or relations.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle highlighting the subject.

厳密

genmitsu — Strict; precise; rigorously exact in definition.

貴族的

kizokuteki — Aristocratic; characteristic of nobility or upper class.

と

to — Particle meaning 'and,' 'with,' or quotation marker.

いう

iu — To say; to be called; used in set phrases.

わけ

wake — Reason; meaning; it doesn't mean that (set phrase).

ない

nai — Negation; not; does not exist.

が

ga — Subject marker; but; however (conjunctive use).

疑い

utagai — Doubt; suspicion; uncertainty about something.

なく

naku — Without; negating a noun or adjective connectively.

良家

ryōke — Good family; respectable, well-established household.

あっ

a(tte) — Conjunctive form of ある; being (connecting clauses).

二

ni — Two; the numeral 2.

三

san — Three; the numeral 3.

世代

sedai — Generation; one cycle of family lineage over time.

さかのぼっ

sakanobotte — Going back; tracing back through time or ancestry.

調べ

shirabe — Investigation; examination; looking something up carefully.

布地

nunoji — Cloth; fabric material used for making garments.

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating direct object.

計っ

hakatte — Measuring; calculating size or quantity of something.

たり

tari — Doing things like; listing representative actions.

荷物

nimotsu — Luggage; baggage; a bundle or parcel of goods.

縛っ

shibatte — Tying up; binding something with rope or cord.

する

suru — To do; to perform an action (basic verb).

よう

yō — Like; seeming; in the manner of something.

な

na — Adjectival particle; used with na-adjectives attributively.

先祖

senzo — Ancestor; forefather; one's family predecessors.

見当たら

mitsukarana(i) — Cannot be found; not discoverable upon searching.

ず

zu — Negative conjunctive form; without doing something.

海軍

kaigun — Navy; the naval military branch of a country.

提督

teitoku — Admiral; high-ranking naval commanding officer.

か

ka — Question particle; or (presenting alternatives).

聖職者

seishokusha — Clergyman; ordained religious minister or priest.

より

yori — Than; from; comparative particle indicating lower rank.

低い

hikui — Low; short in height or rank; inferior.

身分

mibun — Social standing; rank; one's status in society.

者

mono / sha — Person; individual; one who does something.

なかっ

nakatte — Past negative of ない; there was not / did not exist.

さら

sara(ni) — Furthermore; even more; additionally (adverb).

下

shita / moto — Under; below; beneath someone's rule or authority.

仕え

tsukae — Serving; working under a lord or master.

紳士

shinshi — Gentleman; a man of good breeding and manners.

識別

shikibetsu — Identification; distinguishing one thing from another.

できる

dekiru — To be able to; can; to be possible.

さえ

sae — Even; as long as; emphasizing an extreme case.

おり

ori — Connective form of いる; being (humble or literary).

その後

sonogo — After that; subsequently; from that time onward.

時勢

jisei — Trend of the times; prevailing social or political current.

従い

shitagatte / shitagaite — Following; in accordance with; obeying circumstances.

あらゆる

arayuru — All; every; every possible kind of thing.

政治的

seijiteki — Political; related to government or political affairs.

騒乱

sōran — Turmoil; civil disturbance; political upheaval or unrest.

切り抜け

kirinuke — Getting through; surviving a difficult situation.

由緒

yusho — History; distinguished lineage; honorable origin or pedigree.

家名

kamei — Family name; the reputation or honor of a family.

地所

jisho — Land; real estate property owned by a family.

所有者

shoyūsha — Owner; possessor; person who holds property rights.

生き延び

ikinobe — Surviving; continuing to live through hardship.

だっ

datte — Conjunctive past form of だ; was (casual past).

その

sono — That (attributive); referring to previously mentioned item.

家柄

iegara — Family background; social standing inherited by birth.

若い

wakai — Young; youthful in age or appearance.

女性

josei — Woman; female person; the female gender.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or living beings.

静か

shizuka — Quiet; calm; peaceful and undisturbed in nature.

田舎

inaka — Countryside; rural area away from the city.

屋敷

yashiki — Mansion; large traditional Japanese estate or residence.

住み

sumi — Living; residing in a place (stem of 住む).

居間

ima — Living room; the main sitting room of a house.

ほとんど

hotondo — Almost; mostly; nearly all of something.

大きく

ōkiku — Largely; greatly; in a big manner (adverbial form).

村

mura — Village; small rural community or settlement.

教会

kyōkai — Church; Christian place of worship and congregation.

通い

kayoi — Commuting; going regularly to a place and returning.

ながら

nagara — While doing; simultaneous action conjunctive particle.

けばけばしい

kebakebashii — Gaudy; flashy; excessively showy in a vulgar way.

装飾

sōshoku — Decoration; ornament; embellishment added for appearance.

みすぼらしい

misuborashii — Shabby; miserable-looking; poorly dressed or worn-out.

行商人

gyōshōnin — Peddler; traveling merchant who sells goods door-to-door.

娘

musume — Daughter; young woman; girl of a family.

野望

yabō — Ambition; wild aspiration; scheming desire for advancement.

自然

shizen — Natural; nature; occurring without artificial intervention.

見なし

minashi — Regarding as; treating or considering something to be.

また

mata — Also; again; moreover; in addition.

当時

tōji — At that time; in those days; back then.

上品

jōhin — Elegant; refined; tasteful and graceful in manner.

倹約

ken'yaku — Thrift; frugality; saving money by spending carefully.

もの

mono — Thing; object; something tangible or abstract.

あり

ari — Being; existing (literary/classical form of ある).

際立た

kiwadata(seru) — Standing out; making something conspicuous or prominent.

せる

seru — Causative auxiliary verb; to make or let someone do.

出費

shuppi — Expenditure; money spent; financial outlay or expense.

ため

tame — For the purpose of; because of; for someone's sake.

余裕

yoyū — Margin; leeway; financial or mental room to spare.

必要

hitsuyō — Necessary; required; something indispensable or needed.

とき

toki — Time; moment; occasion when something happens.

服装

fukusō — Clothing; attire; one's outfit or manner of dress.

へ

e — Directional particle indicating movement toward something.

見せびらかし

misebikashi — Showing off; flaunting possessions or appearance ostentatiously.

最初

saisho — First; the beginning; the earliest point in time.

削ら

kezura(reru) — Being cut; reduced; trimmed from a list or budget.

れる

reru — Passive auxiliary verb; to be done to one.

べき

beki — Should; ought to; something that must be done.

項目

kōmoku — Item; entry; category listed in a document.

さ

sa — Nominalizing suffix turning adjectives into nouns.

れ

re — Passive or potential auxiliary (conjunctive form).

理由

riyū — Reason; grounds; rationale for an action or decision.

宗教的

shūkyōteki — Religious; relating to faith, religion, or spiritual belief.

感情

kanjō — Emotion; feeling; subjective affective inner experience.

まったく

mattaku — Completely; entirely; not at all (with negation).

別

betsu — Different; separate; another; distinct from the rest.

質素

shisso — Simple; plain; modest and unadorned in lifestyle.

説明

setsumei — Explanation; description; clarifying something to someone.

十分

jūbun — Sufficient; enough; fully adequate for a purpose.

だろ

daro(u) — Probably; I suppose; expressing conjecture or supposition.

う

u — Volitional auxiliary; let's; shall; expresses intention.

しかし

shikashi — However; but; nevertheless (conjunctive word).

ミス

Misu — Miss; English honorific for an unmarried woman.

場合

baai — Case; situation; circumstance in which something applies.

宗教

shūkyō — Religion; organized system of spiritual belief and practice.

だけ

dake — Only; just; limited to a certain extent.

決定

kettei — Decision; determination; the act of deciding firmly.

あろ

aro(u) — Volitional form of ある; there probably is/would be.

そし

soshi(te) — And then; furthermore; connecting sequential statements.

姉

ane — Older sister; one's elder female sibling.

すべて

subete — All; everything; every single thing without exception.

穏やか

odayaka — Calm; gentle; mild and peaceful in temperament.

ただ

tada — Only; merely; just; nothing more than that.

風変わり

fūgawari — Eccentric; odd; unusual or quirky in behavior.

動揺

dōyō — Agitation; disturbance; emotional unsettling or disruption.

なし

nashi — Without; lacking; none; the absence of something.

重大

jūdai — Serious; grave; of great importance or consequence.

教義

kyōgi — Doctrine; dogma; official teachings of a religion.

受け入れる

ukeireru — To accept; to take in; to receive willingly.

常識

jōshiki — Common sense; general knowledge shared by most people.

そこ

soko — There; that place; referring to a nearby location.

注ぎ込ん

sosogikondi — Pouring into; devoting energy or attention thoroughly.

多く

ōku — Many; much; a large number or amount.

一節

hitofushi / issetsu — A passage; a verse or excerpt from a text.

暗記

anki — Memorization; learning something by heart completely.

彼女

kanojo — She; her; girlfriend (third-person female pronoun).

とっ

totte — For (someone); from the perspective of a person.

キリスト教

Kirisutokyō — Christianity; the religion based on Jesus Christ's teachings.

光

hikari — Light; illumination; brightness; guiding spiritual radiance.

よっ

yotte — By means of; due to; according to (by-particle).

見

mi — Seeing; viewing; looking at (stem of 見る).

人類

jinrui — Humanity; humankind; the entire human race.

運命

unmei — Fate; destiny; one's predetermined course in life.

女性的

joseiteki — Feminine; womanly; characteristic of or suited to women.

流行

ryūkō — Fashion; trend; something currently popular or in vogue.

気遣い

kizukai — Consideration; worry; thoughtful concern for others.

狂人

kyōjin — Madman; insane person; someone mentally deranged.

病院

byōin — Hospital; medical institution for treating patients.

患者

kanja — Patient; a person receiving medical treatment.

ふさわしい

fusawashii — Suitable; appropriate; fitting for a particular situation.

仕事

shigoto — Work; job; occupation; one's professional duties.

思わ

omowa(seru) — Making one think; causing someone to feel or consider.

せ

se — Causative stem ending; making or letting someone do.