Middlemarch — Page 11

Vocabulary

では

dewa — Well then; in that case; used as transition.

私

watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun.

が

ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar.

それ

sore — That; referring to something near the listener.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating direct object.

身

mi — Body; one's person; oneself.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or indirect object.

つける

tsukeru — To attach; to wear; to put on something.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle in Japanese.

は

wa — Topic marker particle highlighting sentence topic.

不謹慎

fukinshин — Imprudent; indiscreet; lacking proper decorum or respect.

だ

da — Copula; plain form of 'to be.'

と

to — Quotation particle; also means 'and' or 'with.'

お

o — Honorific prefix showing politeness or respect.

思い

omoi — Thought; feeling; opinion about something.

なる

naru — To become; to result in a certain state.

でしょう

deshō — Probably; right?; used for conjecture or seeking agreement.

不安

fuan — Anxiety; unease; worry about something uncertain.

そう

sō — So; like that; in that way.

言っ

it(te) — Said; spoken (conjunctive form of 言う, iu).

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb ending.

いいえ

iie — No; a negative response or denial.

そんな

sonna — Such; that kind of; like that.

こと

koto — Thing; matter; fact; abstract noun.

ない

nai — There is not; negation of existence or state.

わ

wa — Sentence-final particle expressing assertion, often feminine speech.

妹

imōto — Younger sister.

頬

hō — Cheek; the side of the face.

撫で

nade — Stroking; gently caressing with the hand.

ながら

nagara — While doing; simultaneously performing two actions.

魂

tamashii — Soul; spirit; inner essence of a person.

も

mo — Also; too; even; inclusive particle.

顔色

kaoiro — Complexion; facial color; one's look or expression.

という

to iu — Called; known as; expressing definition or quotation.

もの

mono — Thing; object; used to nominalize or emphasize.

ある

aru — To exist; there is (for inanimate things).

人

hito — Person; human being; people.

似合う

niau — To suit; to look good on someone.

別

betsu — Separate; different; another; an exception.

限ら

kagira — Limited to; not necessarily (negative form of 限る).

でも

demo — But; however; even so; a conjunction.

母様

okāsama — Mother (honorific, respectful form of address).

形見

katami — Keepsake; memento left by a deceased person.

として

to shite — As; in the capacity of; for the purpose.

取っ

tot(te) — Taking; keeping (conjunctive form of 取る, toru).

て

te — Te-form connective particle linking verb clauses.

おき

oki — Keeping in advance; doing something for future reference.

たい

tai — Want to do; expresses speaker's desire.

で

de — At; by means of; with; location or method particle.

かしら

kashira — I wonder; expresses mild uncertainty, often feminine speech.

なら

nara — If; in that case; conditional conjunction.

他

hoka — Other; another; the rest; elsewhere.

あの

ano — That (over there); used to refer to something distant.

大好き

daisuki — Loved very much; favorite; very fond of.

な

na — Adjectival connective or sentence-final emphatic particle.

白檀

byakudan — Sandalwood; fragrant wood used in incense and crafts.

箱

hako — Box; container; case.

し

shi — And; listing reasons or examples as conjunction.

たくさん

takusan — Many; a lot; plenty; in large quantity.

実

jitsu — Truth; reality; actual fact or substance.

ところ

tokoro — Place; point; situation; just about to.

あれら

arera — Those (things over there); plural distal demonstrative.

全部

zenbu — All; everything; the whole lot.

あなた

anata — You; second-person singular pronoun.

よ

yo — Sentence-final particle asserting or informing the listener.

もう

mō — Already; anymore; soon; expressing completion or exasperation.

これ

kore — This; referring to something close to the speaker.

以上

ijō — More than; beyond; no more than this; above.

話し合う

hanashiau — To discuss; to talk something over together.

必要

hitsuyō — Necessary; need; requirement; essential.

さあ

sā — Come on; well; now then; let's go.

持っ

mot(te) — Holding; carrying (conjunctive form of 持つ, motsu).

行っ

it(te) — Going (conjunctive form of 行く, iku).

少し

sukoshi — A little; a small amount; slightly.

傷つい

kizutsui(te) — Hurt; wounded; feeling emotionally injured.

気持ち

kimochi — Feeling; mood; sensation; emotional state.

なっ

nat(te) — Becoming (conjunctive form of なる, naru).

この

kono — This (modifies a noun close to speaker).

ピューリタン

Pyūritan — Puritan; referring to strict Protestant morality or austerity.

的

teki — Suffix meaning '-like,' '-ish,' or '-oriented.'

寛容

kan'yō — Tolerance; generosity; broad-mindedness toward others.

態度

taido — Attitude; manner; one's bearing or stance.

強い

tsuyoi — Strong; powerful; intense; robust.

優越感

yūetsukan — Sense of superiority; feeling of being above others.

漂っ

tadayot(te) — Drifting; wafting; floating (connective form of 漂う).

おり

ori — Being; existing (polite/literary form of いる).

熱意

netsui — Enthusiasm; zeal; passionate motivation or eagerness.

淡い

awai — Pale; faint; light in color or feeling.

肌

hada — Skin; one's complexion; surface texture.

とっ

tot(te) — Taking; for (conjunctive form of 取る/とる).

迫害

hakugai — Persecution; oppression; mistreating or tormenting someone.

劣ら

otora(zu) — Not inferior to; no less than (negative of 劣る).

ず

zu — Without doing; negative conjunctive verb ending.

辛い

tsurai — Painful; hard to bear; emotionally difficult.

あっ

at(te) — Being; existing (conjunctive form of ある).

姉さん

nēsan — Older sister; also used to address an older woman.

決して

kesshite — Never; by no means (used with negative verb).

装飾品

sōshokuhin — Ornament; decorative accessory; jewelry or adornment.

つけ

tsuke — Wearing; attaching (conjunctive/imperative form of つける).

どう

dō — How; in what way; what do you think.

して

shite — Doing (te-form of する, suru); and then.

できる

dekiru — To be able to; to be possible; can do.

まあ

mā — Well; oh my; expressing mild surprise or resignation.

無理

muri — Impossible; unreasonable; forcing something beyond limits.

注文

chūmon — Order; request; demand; placing an order.

顔

kao — Face; expression; one's reputation or standing.

立てる

tateru — To stand up; to build; to save someone's face.

ため

tame — For the sake of; in order to; benefit or purpose.

なんて

nante — Such a thing as; how; expressing surprise or dismissal.

もし

moshi — If; supposing that; used to introduce conditional.

あんな

anna — That kind of (over there); such a thing as that.

ネックレス

nekkuresu — Necklace; a piece of jewelry worn around the neck.

たら

tara — If; when; conditional verb ending expressing hypothesis.

ピルエット

piruetto — Pirouette; a spinning ballet dance move.

踊っ

odot(te) — Dancing (conjunctive form of 踊る, odoru).

よう

yō — Like; as if; expressing resemblance or intention.

気分

kibun — Feeling; mood; general sense of one's condition.

しまう

shimau — To end up doing; to do something completely or regrettably.

世界

sekai — World; the entire earth; a sphere of existence.

ぐるぐる

guruguru — Round and round; spinning; going in circles repeatedly.

回っ

mawat(te) — Turning; spinning (conjunctive form of 回る, mawaru).

歩き方

arukikata — Way of walking; manner of one's gait.

わから

wakara(naku) — Not understanding; not knowing (negative base of わかる).

なく

naku — Without; not existing (conjunctive form of ない).

留め金

tomegane — Clasp; fastener; clip used to secure jewelry or clothing.

外し

hazushi — Removing; unfastening (conjunctive form of 外す).

取り外し

torihazushi — Detachment; removal; the act of taking something off.

首

kubi — Neck; the part of the body connecting head and torso.

きつ

kitsu(i) — Tight; strict; severe; too snug around the neck.

すぎる

sugiru — Too much; excessively; going beyond a desirable limit.

平ら

taira — Flat; level; smooth; even surface.

垂れ下がる

taresagaru — To hang down; to droop; to dangle loosely.

方

hō — Direction; way; side; one of two options.

彼女

kanojo — She; her; also means girlfriend.

いくらか

ikuraka — Somewhat; a little; to some extent.

満足

manzoku — Satisfaction; contentment; being pleased with something.

げ

ge — Suffix expressing appearance of a feeling or state.

あらゆる

arayuru — Every; all possible; every kind of.

観点

kanten — Viewpoint; perspective; standpoint for evaluation.

から

kara — From; because; since; starting point particle.

まったく

mattaku — Completely; entirely; absolutely; used for strong emphasis.

不向き

fuмuki — Unsuitable; not fit for; ill-suited to a purpose.

その

sono — That (near listener); modifies a following noun.

より

yori — Than; more than; from; comparative particle.

気持ちよく

kimochiyoku — Pleasantly; comfortably; in a good-feeling manner.

受け取る

uketoru — To receive; to accept; to take delivery of something.

でき

deki — Able to; can (stem form of できる, dekiru).