Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave — Page 2

Vocabulary

彼

kare — He; third-person masculine pronoun.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle.

生まれ

umare — Birth; the place or act of being born.

た

ta — Past tense grammatical ending.

土地

tochi — Land; a piece of ground or territory.

に

ni — Particle indicating location, direction, or indirect object.

とって

totte — For; from the perspective or standpoint of someone.

幸運

kōun — Good luck; fortunate circumstances or happy fate.

な

na — Adjectival copula linking na-adjectives to nouns.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer turning verbs into nouns.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or cause.

あっ

a(tte) — Te-form of aru; existing or being (connective form).

その

sono — That; demonstrative adjective referring to nearby thing.

を

o — Object marker particle indicating direct object.

救い

sukui — Rescue; salvation; act of saving someone.

祝福

shukufuku — Blessing; bestowing happiness or divine favor upon someone.

する

suru — To do; general-purpose action verb.

ため

tame — For the purpose of; for the sake of.

は

wa — Topic marker particle highlighting the sentence topic.

すで

sude(ni) — Already; by now; used to indicate prior completion.

多く

ōku — Many; much; a large number or quantity.

なし

nashi — Without; lacking; none of something.

て

te — Conjunctive te-form particle connecting verb phrases.

き

ki — Stem of kuru (to come); indicates ongoing or resultant action.

友人

yūjin — Friend; a close personal acquaintance.

や

ya — Particle listing examples; and/or among other things.

知人

chijin — Acquaintance; person one knows but not intimately.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings.

が

ga — Subject marker particle indicating grammatical subject.

耐え忍ん

taeshinon(de) — Endured patiently; bore hardship with perseverance.

だ

da — Copula; plain-form equivalent of desu (to be).

数々

kazukazu — Numerous; many instances or varieties of something.

苦難

kunan — Hardship; suffering; severe trials and tribulations.

よっ

yo(tte) — By means of; through; due to (connective form).

徳

toku — Virtue; moral excellence or admirable character.

ある

aru — To exist; to have; existence of inanimate things.

人格

jinkaku — Character; personality; a person's moral nature.

また

mata — Also; again; furthermore; additionally.

束縛

sokubaku — Bondage; restraint; being bound or constrained.

さ

sa — Passive or nominalizing suffix attached to verb stems.

れ

re — Passive verb ending indicating action done to subject.

いる

iru — To be; to exist (for animate beings).

者

mono — Person; one who does or is in a state.

へ

e — Directional particle indicating movement toward something.

変わら

kawara(nu) — Unchanging; not varying; staying the same.

ぬ

nu — Classical negative suffix equivalent to nai.

記憶

kioku — Memory; recollection; the act of remembering.

彼ら

karera — They; third-person plural pronoun for a group.

共感

kyōkan — Empathy; sympathy; sharing another's feelings.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle connecting nouns or clauses.

愛情

aijō — Affection; love; warm caring feeling toward others.

しっかり

shikkari — Firmly; solidly; with strength and reliability.

勝ち

kachi — Win; victory; successfully gaining something.

得

e(te) — To obtain; to gain; to acquire something.

わが

waga — My; our; one's own (formal/literary possessive).

共和国

kyōwakoku — Republic; a nation governed by elected representatives.

各地

kakuchi — Various places; all regions; throughout the land.

住む

sumu — To live; to reside; to dwell in a place.

人々

hitobito — People; various individuals; the general populace.

奴隷制

doreibsei — Slavery; the institution of owning human beings.

いう

iu — To say; to call; to be called or named.

問題

mondai — Problem; issue; a matter requiring discussion or solution.

つい

tsui(te) — Concerning; regarding; about a particular topic.

心

kokoro — Heart; mind; one's inner feelings or spirit.

啓発

keihatsu — Enlightenment; awakening someone's awareness or understanding.

し

shi — Conjunctive verb form connecting multiple actions or reasons.

哀切

aisetsu — Poignant; sorrowful; deeply moving and mournful.

言葉

kotoba — Words; language; speech; an utterance or expression.

涙

namida — Tears; drops of water from weeping or emotion.

溶かし

tokashi — Melting; dissolving; causing something hard to soften.

い

i — Verb ending for continuous or resultant state (iru stem).

人間

ningen — Human being; a person; humanity as a whole.

奴隷

dorei — Slave; a person owned and controlled by another.

胸

mune — Chest; breast; one's heart or inner emotions.

揺さぶる

yusaburu — To shake; to stir deeply; to move emotionally.

雄弁

yūben — Eloquence; powerful and persuasive public speaking.

正義

seigi — Justice; righteousness; moral correctness and fairness.

憤り

ikidōri — Indignation; righteous anger at injustice or wrongdoing.

呼び

yobi — Calling; summoning; evoking a feeling or response.

起こし

okoshi — Rousing; awakening; causing something to arise.

そして

soshite — And then; furthermore; connecting sequential statements.

自身

jishin — Oneself; personally; emphasizing the subject themselves.

とっ

to(tte) — For; regarding; from one's own perspective.

も

mo — Also; too; even; additive or inclusive particle.

なぜなら

nazenara — Because; the reason being; introducing an explanation.

それ

sore — That; it; referring to something previously mentioned.

ただちに

tadachini — Immediately; at once; without any delay.

公共

kōkyō — Public; communal; relating to society at large.

役

yaku — Use; service; a role or function served.

立つ

tatsu — To stand; to be useful; to serve a purpose.

場

ba — Place; situation; a setting or context for action.

導き

michibiki — Guidance; leading; showing the way forward.

世界

sekai — World; the earth; all of existence globally.

一人

hitori — One person; alone; a single individual.

存在

sonzai — Existence; being; the state of existing.

確信

kakushin — Conviction; firm belief; being fully certain of something.

せ

se — Causative verb ending; making or letting someone act.

魂

tamashii — Soul; spirit; the essence of a person's being.

眠れる

nemureru — Sleeping; dormant; latent power not yet awakened.

力

chikara — Strength; power; ability or force to act.

奮い

furui — Mustering; rousing; stirring up energy or courage.

抑圧者

yokuatsusha — Oppressor; one who suppresses or dominates others.

杖

tsue — Staff; cane; a rod symbolizing authority or support.

折り

ori — Breaking; folding; snapping something with force.

虐げ

shiitage — Oppressing; treating cruelly; persecuting the powerless.

られ

rare — Passive suffix indicating action suffered by subject.

自由

jiyū — Freedom; liberty; the state of being free.

偉大

idai — Great; magnificent; of outstanding importance or scale.

業

waza — Work; deed; a great act or accomplishment.

捧げ

sasage — Dedicating; offering; devoting oneself to a cause.

から

kara — From; because; starting point or causal particle.

私

watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun.

大会

taikai — Convention; large assembly; major meeting or competition.

おける

okeru — At; in; taking place within a certain setting.

最初

saisho — First; the very beginning; initial occurrence of something.

演説

enzetsu — Speech; public address; a formal spoken presentation.

決して

kesshite — Never; by no means; used with negative for emphasis.

忘れ

wasure — Forgetting; losing memory of something or someone.

ない

nai — Not; negative auxiliary indicating absence or negation.

だろう

darō — Probably; I suppose; expressing conjecture or likelihood.

並外れ

namisugure — Extraordinary; exceptional; far beyond the ordinary standard.

感動

kandō — Being moved; deep emotional impression; profound feeling.

すっかり

sukkari — Completely; entirely; thoroughly; all the way through.

不意

fui — Sudden; unexpected; catching someone off guard.

突か

tsuka(re) — Struck; pierced; hit suddenly and unexpectedly.

満員

man'in — Full capacity; packed; every seat occupied.

聴衆

chōshū — Audience; listeners; people gathered to hear a speech.

与え

atae — Giving; granting; bestowing something upon someone.

強烈

kyōretsu — Intense; powerful; strikingly strong in effect.

印象

inshō — Impression; the effect or image left on someone's mind.

見事

migoto — Splendid; magnificent; impressively skillful or beautiful.

始まり

hajimari — Beginning; start; the opening of something.

終わり

owari — End; conclusion; the final part of something.

まで

made — Until; up to; indicating a limit or endpoint.

続い

tsuzui — Continued; went on; persisted without stopping.

喝采

kassai — Applause; cheering; enthusiastic acclaim from an audience.

あの

ano — That (over there); referring to a shared distant memory.

瞬間

shunkan — Moment; instant; a very brief point in time.

ほど

hodo — To the extent that; as much as; degree marker.

激しく

hageshiku — Intensely; fiercely; with great force or passion.

憎ん

nikon(de) — Hated; despised; felt strong aversion toward something.

なかっ

naka(tta) — Was not; past negative of nai (did not exist).

思う

omou — To think; to feel; to hold an opinion.

確かに

tashikani — Certainly; indeed; admittedly; without doubt.

犠牲者

giseisha — Victim; martyr; one who suffers or is sacrificed.

神

kami — God; deity; a divine or sacred being.

似

ni(ta) — Resembling; similar to; having likeness to something.

本性

honshō — True nature; innate character; one's fundamental essence.

加える

kuwaeru — To add; to inflict; to apply something upon another.

計り

hakari — Measuring; fathoming; estimating the scale of something.

知れ

shire — Known; fathomed; can be understood or measured.

暴虐

bōgyaku — Tyranny; brutal cruelty; violent and oppressive acts.

認識

ninshiki — Recognition; awareness; conscious understanding of something.

かつて

katsute — Once; formerly; at some point in the past.

なく

naku — Without; lacking; negative connective form of nai.

遥か

haruka — Far; distant; by a great degree or amount.

明確

meikaku — Clear; definite; precise and unambiguous in meaning.

もの

mono — Thing; matter; something tangible or abstract.

なっ

na(tte) — Became; turned into (te-form of naru).