Notre-Dame de Paris — Page 15

Vocabulary

buen

Good; shortened form of 'bueno' before masculine nouns.

número

Number; a quantity or count of something.

curiosas

Curious; eager to know or learn something.

gentes

People; groups of persons or folk.

habían

Had; third-person plural past perfect auxiliary verb.

estado

Been; past participle of 'estar', meaning 'to be'.

tiritando

Shivering; trembling from cold or fear.

desde

Since or from; indicating a starting point in time.

amanecer

Dawn; the moment when daylight first appears.

ante

Before or in front of; preposition indicating position.

gran

Great or large; shortened form before singular nouns.

escalinata

Grand staircase; large exterior flight of steps.

palacio

Palace; a large and grand official residence.

algunos

Some; referring to an unspecified number of people.

incluso

Even; used to emphasize something surprising or additional.

afirmaban

Claimed or affirmed; stated something as true confidently.

haber

To have; auxiliary verb used in perfect tenses.

pasado

Spent or passed; past participle of 'pasar'.

noche

Night; the period of darkness between sunset and sunrise.

otro

Other or another; referring to a different one.

lado

Side; one of the surfaces or edges of something.

umbral

Threshold; the strip at the bottom of a doorway.

puerta

Door; a movable barrier closing an entrance.

fin

Purpose or end; the goal or conclusion of something.

asegurarse

To make sure; to ensure or guarantee something for oneself.

ser

To be; essential Spanish verb indicating identity or nature.

primeros

First; masculine plural ordinal referring to earliest ones.

entrar

To enter; to go or come inside a place.

muchedumbre

Crowd; a large group of people gathered together.

hacía

Was becoming or making; imperfect tense of 'hacer'.

más

More; used for comparisons or to indicate greater degree.

densa

Dense or thick; closely packed together.

cada

Each or every; referring to all individual members.

momento

Moment; a very brief period of time.

como

Like or as; used for comparisons or explanations.

agua

Water; the clear liquid essential for life.

sube

Rises or goes up; third-person singular of 'subir'.

por

By, for, or through; a versatile Spanish preposition.

encima

Above or on top of; indicating a higher position.

nivel

Level; a horizontal line or standard measurement.

normal

Normal; usual, standard, or expected condition.

comenzó

Began; third-person singular preterite of 'comenzar'.

trepar

To climb or clamber; to ascend using hands and feet.

paredes

Walls; vertical structures forming sides of a room.

hincharse

To swell or puff up; to expand in size.

alrededor

Around; on all sides of something or someone.

pilares

Pillars; vertical supporting columns in architecture.

extenderse

To spread or extend; to stretch out over an area.

sobre

On, over, or about; preposition indicating position above.

cornisas

Cornices; decorative moldings along the top of walls.

alféizares

Windowsills; the ledge at the bottom of a window.

ventanas

Windows; openings in walls fitted with glass panes.

todos

All or every; referring to the entirety of something.

puntos

Points or spots; specific locations or small marks.

salientes

Projecting or protruding; sticking out from a surface.

arquitectura

Architecture; the art and science of designing buildings.

relieves

Reliefs; sculpted figures raised from a flat surface.

escultura

Sculpture; three-dimensional artwork carved or molded.

ahí

From there; indicating origin from a specific place.

malestar

Discomfort or unease; a general feeling of being unwell.

impaciencia

Impatience; inability to wait calmly for something.

cansancio

Tiredness or fatigue; the state of being very tired.

licencia

License or liberty; freedom to behave without restraint.

propia

Own or proper; belonging specifically to oneself.

cinismo

Cynicism; distrustful attitude toward people's motives.

locura

Madness or craziness; a state of mental disorder.

disputas

Disputes or quarrels; arguments between people.

estallaban

Were breaking out; erupted suddenly, imperfect tense.

toda

All or every; feminine singular form of 'todo'.

clase

Kind or class; a type or category of something.

motivos

Reasons or motives; causes driving actions or behavior.

codo

Elbow; the joint connecting the upper and lower arm.

puntiagudo

Pointed or sharp; having a sharp tip or point.

zapato

Shoe; a covering for the foot typically made of leather.

agotamiento

Exhaustion; extreme tiredness from effort or strain.

larga

Long; extended in duration or distance, feminine form.

espera

Wait; the act of remaining until something happens.

hubieran

Would have had; past subjunctive of 'haber'.

conferido

Conferred or granted; bestowed something upon someone.

ya

Already or now; indicating something has occurred.

mucho

Much or a lot; a large quantity or degree.

antes

Before or earlier; prior in time or order.

hora

Hour or time; a unit of sixty minutes.

señalada

Appointed or designated; set or marked for a purpose.

para

For or in order to; indicating purpose or destination.

llegada

Arrival; the act of reaching a destination.

embajadores

Ambassadors; official diplomatic representatives of a country.

acento

Accent or tone; distinctive manner of pronunciation.

áspero

Harsh or rough; unpleasant in sound or texture.

amargo

Bitter; having a sharp, unpleasant taste or feeling.

clamor

Clamor; a loud and confused noise from many people.

aquellas

Those; feminine plural demonstrative adjective or pronoun.

encerradas

Enclosed or confined; shut inside a restricted space.

encajadas

Wedged or fitted tightly; jammed into a tight space.

otras

Others; referring to different ones, feminine plural.

apretujadas

Squeezed together; tightly pressed against one another.

pisoteadas

Trampled; stepped on repeatedly by people's feet.

sofocadas

Suffocated or stifled; unable to breathe due to crowding.