Notre-Dame de Paris — Page 1

Vocabulary

表紙

hyōshi — Cover of a book or magazine.

別名

betsumei — Alias, another name for something.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

著

cho — Written by; authorship credit on a work.

訳

yaku — Translation; translated by a specific person.

序文

jobun — Preface or foreword of a book.

数年前

sūnen mae — Several years ago, some years in past.

寺院

jiin — Temple or large religious building, often Buddhist.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating direct object.

訪れた

otozureta — Visited; past tense of to visit a place.

際

sai — Occasion, time when something takes place.

いや

iya — No, or rather; used to correct oneself.

むしろ

mushiro — Rather, more precisely; used to refine statements.

くまなく

kumanaku — Thoroughly, all over, without missing any corner.

探し回って

sagashimawatte — Searching around everywhere, looking all over.

いた

ita — Was doing; past progressive auxiliary verb form.

に

ni — Directional or locational particle indicating target.

本書

honsho — This book; referring to the current publication.

著者

chosha — Author, writer of a book or text.

は

wa — Topic marker particle identifying the sentence topic.

塔

tō — Tower, spire, or tall vertical structure.

一つ

hitotsu — One item; the number one for objects.

ある

aru — To exist, to be present somewhere.

薄暗い

usugurai — Dimly lit, dusky, somewhat dark in atmosphere.

片隅

katasumi — A corner, nook, or out-of-the-way spot.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means.

壁

kabe — Wall, a vertical surface of a building.

手

te — Hand; human hand used to perform actions.

よって

yotte — By means of; indicating agent or cause.

刻まれた

kizamareta — Carved, engraved into a surface by hand.

以下

ika — The following; below this point in text.

言葉

kotoba — Word, language, or expression in speech/writing.

発見

hakken — Discovery, finding something previously unknown.

した

shita — Did; simple past tense of する (to do).

これら

korera — These things; plural demonstrative pronoun nearby.

ギリシャ語

Girishago — Greek language, the language of ancient Greece.

大文字

ōmoji — Capital letters, uppercase letters in an alphabet.

年月

toshitsuki — Years and months; passage of time.

経て

hete — Having passed through; elapsed time or process.

黒ずみ

kurozumi — Blackening, darkening of a surface over time.

石

ishi — Stone, rock used in construction or naturally.

非常

hijō — Extremely, very; unusually high degree of something.

深く

fukaku — Deeply, profoundly; to a great depth.

刻まれて

kizamarete — Being carved or engraved into a surface.

おり

ori — Humble or literary form of いる (to be).

その

sono — That; demonstrative adjective referring to nearby thing.

形

katachi — Shape, form, or appearance of something.

と

to — And; particle connecting nouns or quoting speech.

姿勢

shisei — Posture, stance, or attitude of a person.

書法

shohō — Calligraphy style, method of writing characters.

特有

tokuyū — Characteristic of, peculiar to a specific thing.

何らかの

nanrakano — Some kind of, some sort of unspecified thing.

符号

fugō — Symbol, sign, or code mark in writing.

が

ga — Subject marker particle identifying grammatical subject.

刻印

kokuin — Engraved seal, stamp, or deeply carved mark.

されて

sarete — Being done; passive te-form of する.

いて

ite — Existing, being; te-form of いる connecting clauses.

まるで

marude — Just like, as if, exactly as though.

そこ

soko — There, that place previously mentioned or nearby.

刻んだ

kizanda — Carved, engraved; past tense of 刻む.

中世

chūsei — Middle Ages, medieval period of history.

こと

koto — Thing, fact, matter; nominalizer for verb phrases.

明かそう

akasō — Let us reveal; volitional form of 明かす.

する

suru — To do; most common Japanese action verb.

か

ka — Question particle or expressing uncertainty/doubt.

よう

yō — Appearing as if; volitional or conjecture suffix.

あり

ari — Classical form of ある (to exist, to be).

とりわけ

toriwake — Especially, particularly, above all others.

それら

sorera — Those things; plural demonstrative pronoun for those.

込められた

komerareta — Imbued with, packed with deep meaning inside.

運命的

unmeiteki — Fateful, destined; relating to fate or destiny.

憂鬱

yūutsu — Melancholy, depression, gloomy state of mind.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

意味

imi — Meaning, significance of a word or action.

心

kokoro — Heart, mind, spirit, inner feelings.

打った

utta — Struck, hit; past tense of 打つ.

彼

kare — He, him; third-person masculine pronoun.

自問

jimon — Asking oneself, self-questioning, internal inquiry.

この

kono — This; demonstrative adjective for nearby things.

古い

furui — Old, ancient, not new; describing age of things.

聖堂

seidō — Cathedral, sacred hall, holy religious building.

正面

shōmen — Front face, facade, directly facing forward.

罪

tsumi — Sin, crime, guilt, wrongdoing or offense.

あるいは

aruiwa — Or, alternatively; presenting another possibility.

不幸

fukō — Misfortune, unhappiness, bad luck or tragedy.

烙印

rakuin — Brand, stigma, mark burned or deeply impressed.

残さず

nokosazu — Without leaving behind, leaving no trace.

この世

konoyo — This world, the present life, earthly existence.

去ろう

sarō — Let us leave; volitional form of 去る.

しなかった

shinakatta — Did not do; past negative of する.

あの

ano — That over there; demonstrative adjective for distant thing.

苦悩

kunō — Anguish, torment, deep suffering or distress.

魂

tamashii — Soul, spirit, essence of a living being.

一体

ittai — Who on earth; intensifier expressing strong curiosity.

誰

dare — Who; interrogative pronoun asking about a person.

あった

atta — Was, existed; past tense of ある.

探り

saguri — Probing, feeling out, searching cautiously.

知ろう

shirō — Let us find out; volitional form of 知る.

その後

sonogo — After that, subsequently, from that point on.

どちら

dochira — Which one of two; polite interrogative pronoun.

知らない

shiranai — Do not know; negative present tense of 知る.

碑文

hibun — Inscription on a monument, stone, or memorial.

消えて

kiete — Having disappeared; te-form of 消える.

しまった

shimatta — Ended up doing; expresses regret or completion.

という

to iu — Called, known as; quoting or naming something.

も

mo — Also, too, even; inclusive or additive particle.

二百年

nihyakunen — Two hundred years, a span of two centuries.

もの

mono — Thing, something; nominalizer adding nuance of reason.

人々

hitobito — People, various persons, folks in general.

素晴らしい

subarashii — Wonderful, magnificent, splendid, truly impressive.

対して

taishite — Toward, against, in contrast to something.

扱い

atsukai — Treatment, handling, way of dealing with something.

習慣

shūkan — Habit, custom, established practice over time.

から

kara — From, because; particle indicating origin or reason.

だ

da — Is, are; plain form copula ending a sentence.

毀損

kison — Damage, defacement, destruction of property or reputation.

あらゆる

arayuru — Every, all possible, of every kind imaginable.

方面

hōmen — Direction, area, quarter, every side or aspect.

内部

naibu — Interior, inside, internal part of something.

外部

gaibu — Exterior, outside, external part of something.

及んで

oyonde — Extending to, reaching, affecting a wide range.

くる

kuru — To come; also used as directional auxiliary verb.

司祭

shisai — Priest, ordained clergy member of a church.

そして

soshite — And then, and also; conjunctive linking sentences.

民衆

minshū — Common people, the masses, ordinary citizens.

やって来て

yattekite — Coming along, arriving on the scene.

取り壊して

torikowashite — Demolishing, tearing down a structure completely.

しまう

shimau — To end up doing; completion with regret nuance.