Notre-Dame de Paris — Page 11

Vocabulary

年

nen — Year; used to indicate a specific year.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

法院

hōin — Court of law; judicial institution.

炎上

enjō — Going up in flames; catching fire dramatically.

に

ni — Particle indicating location, direction, or time.

つい

tsui — Unintentionally; just; used in 〜について (about).

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting verbs or clauses.

政治

seiji — Politics; political affairs of a nation.

的

teki — Suffix meaning '-ical' or '-like'; adjectival suffix.

物理

butsuri — Physics; the natural physical world.

詩的

shiteki — Poetic; having the quality of poetry.

と

to — Particle meaning 'and' or quotation marker.

いう

iu — To say; to be called; to be referred to as.

この

kono — This; demonstrative adjective for nearby objects.

三重

sanjū — Triple; threefold; three layers.

説明

setsumei — Explanation; description; account of something.

を

wo — Object-marking particle in Japanese grammar.

どの

dono — Which; what kind of (interrogative adjective).

よう

yō — Way; manner; like; resembling something.

考える

kangaeru — To think; to consider; to reflect upon.

せよ

seyo — Imperative form of する; do it (formal command).

火災

kasai — Fire disaster; conflagration; destructive fire.

不幸

fukō — Misfortune; unhappiness; tragedy.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

事実

jijitsu — Fact; truth; actual occurrence of something.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle highlighting the sentence topic.

確か

tashika — Certain; sure; definite; undeniable.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means.

ある

aru — To be; to exist (for inanimate things).

大惨事

daisanji — Great catastrophe; major disaster; terrible calamity.

ため

tame — For the sake of; because of; due to.

何より

naniyori — Above all; more than anything else.

も

mo — Also; too; even; particle of inclusion.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle in Japanese grammar.

残し

nokoshi — Leaving behind; bequeathing something to others.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb suffix.

もの

mono — Thing; object; something tangible or abstract.

完成

kansei — Completion; finishing; bringing something to completion.

さ

sa — Nominalization suffix or casual sentence-ending particle.

せ

se — Causative verb stem; to make or let someone do.

しまっ

shimatt(e) — Ended up doing; completed (often with regret).

相次ぐ

aitsugu — To follow one after another; to occur in succession.

修復

shūfuku — Restoration; repair; restoring damaged things.

今日

kyō / konnichi — Today; the present day; nowadays.

ほとんど

hotondo — Almost; nearly; mostly; hardly any.

何

nani — What; something; anything; interrogative pronoun.

残っ

nokok(te) — Remaining; left over; staying behind.

い

i — Auxiliary verb indicating ongoing state or action.

ない

nai — Negation; does not exist; is not the case.

フランス

Furansu — France; the European country of France.

王

ō — King; monarch; ruler of a kingdom.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings.

最初

saisho — First; the very beginning; initial stage.

住居

jūkyo — Dwelling; residence; place where one lives.

すなわち

sunawachi — That is to say; namely; in other words.

その

sono — That; the aforementioned (demonstrative adjective).

古い

furui — Old; ancient; not new or modern.

宮殿

kyūden — Palace; grand official royal residence.

すでに

sudeni — Already; by now; previously.

端麗

tanrei — Graceful; elegant; beautiful in appearance.

時代

jidai — Era; age; period of time in history.

あまり

amari — Too much; excessively; not very (with negative).

古く

furuku — Old (adverbial form); in an old manner.

人々

hitobito — People; various persons; folks.

そこ

soko — There; that place; that location.

建て

tate — Built; constructed (verb stem of 建てる).

記し

shirushi — Recorded; noted; wrote down historically.

壮麗

Magnificent; splendid; grand and imposing.

建物

tatemono — Building; structure; constructed edifice.

痕跡

konseki — Trace; vestige; remains of something past.

探し

sagashi — Searching; looking for something.

求め

motome — Seeking; requesting; pursuing something desired.

ほど

hodo — To the extent that; about; approximately.

あっ

att(e) — Existed; was there (past connective form of ある).

今や

imaya — Now; at this point; by this time.

ほぼ

hobo — Almost; roughly; approximately; nearly all.

すべて

subete — Everything; all; entirely without exception.

消え去っ

kiesatt(e) — Vanished completely; disappeared without a trace.

聖

sei / hijiri — Saint; holy; sacred person or title.

婚姻

kon'in — Marriage; matrimony; formal marital union.

成就

jōju — Fulfillment; accomplishment; realization of a goal.

府

fu — Office; government seat; administrative center.

間

aida / ma — Between; interval; space; period of time.

どう

dō — How; in what way; what happened to.

なっ

natt(e) — Became; turned into (connective past form).

か

ka — Question-marking sentence-ending particle.

彼

kare — He; him; that person (male).

とも

tomo — Together with; also; both (inclusive particle).

絨毯

jūtan — Carpet; rug; floor covering.

上

ue — Above; on top of; upper surface.

横たわり

yokotawari — Lying down; reclining; stretched out horizontally.

ながら

nagara — While doing; simultaneously performing two actions.

上着

uwagi — Jacket; outer garment; top clothing layer.

着

ki — Wearing (clothes); counter for clothing items.

袖

sode — Sleeve; the arm part of a garment.

なし

nashi — Without; lacking; none; absent.

上衣

uwagi / jōi — Upper garment; jacket; top piece of clothing.

羽織り

haori — A hip-length Japanese jacket worn over kimono.

黒い

kuroi — Black; dark-colored; of black hue.

サンダル

sandaru — Sandals; open footwear worn on feet.

織り

ori — Weaving; woven cloth; textile fabric.

外套

gaitō — Overcoat; cloak; heavy outer garment.

まとい

matoi — Wearing; wrapping around oneself (garment).

裁き

sabaki — Judgment; ruling; judicial decision.

行っ

ott(e) / yukk(te) — Went; performed; carried out an action.

庭園

teien — Garden; ornamental park; landscaped grounds.

皇帝

kōtei — Emperor; sovereign ruler of an empire.

どこ

doko — Where; what place; interrogative of location.

へ

e — Directional particle indicating movement toward something.

四世

yonsei — The Fourth; a regnal number for monarchs.

無地

muji — Plain; solid color; without pattern or design.

六世

rokusei — The Sixth; sixth in a line of same-named rulers.

恩赦

onsha — Amnesty; pardon; official forgiveness of crimes.

勅令

chokurei — Imperial edict; royal decree issued by monarch.

公布

kōfu — Promulgation; official public announcement of law.

し

shi — Connective verb form of する; did and then.

階段

kaidan — Staircase; steps; flight of stairs.

王太子

ōtaishi — Crown prince; heir apparent to the throne.

面前

menzen — In front of; in the presence of someone.

元帥

gensui — Marshal; highest military rank; field marshal.

喉

nodo — Throat; the front part of the neck.

石板

sekiban — Stone slab; flat stone used for writing or paving.

教皇

kyōkō — Pope; the head of the Roman Catholic Church.

勅書

chokusho — Papal bull or imperial letter; official written decree.

引き裂か

hikisaka — Torn apart; ripped; forcefully split asunder.

れ

re — Passive verb suffix indicating action done to subject.

それ

sore — That; it; the thing previously mentioned.

持参

jisan — Bringing along; carrying something to a place.

者

mono / sha — Person; one who does something; bearer.

嘲り

azakeri — Mockery; ridicule; scornful derision.

うち

uchi — Among; within; inside; during a period.

法衣

hōe / koromo — Vestment; clerical robe; priest's ceremonial garment.

身

mi — Body; oneself; one's person or being.

着け

tsuke — Wearing; attaching to one's body (clothing).

パリ

Pari — Paris; the capital city of France.

中

naka — Inside; middle; throughout; among.

詫び

wabi — Apology; expressing remorse; asking forgiveness.

入れ

ire — Putting in; inserting; doing (verb stem).

立ち去っ

tachisatt(e) — Left; departed; walked away from a place.

小扉

koguchi / shōhi — Small door; little gate; minor entrance.