Notre-Dame de Paris — Page 15

Vocabulary

かなり

kanari — considerably, fairly, quite a lot

の

no — possessive or nominalizing particle

数

kazu / sū — number, count, quantity

好奇心

kōkishin — curiosity, inquisitive interest in things

旺盛

ōsei — vigorous, enthusiastic, full of energy

な

na — adjectival linking particle (na-adjective form)

善良

zenryō — good-natured, virtuous, honest, decent

人々

hitobito — people, various persons, folks

が

ga — subject marker particle

夜明け

yoake — dawn, daybreak, early morning light

から

kara — from, since, starting point particle

宮殿

kyūden — palace, grand royal or imperial building

大

dai / ō — big, great, large (prefix or standalone)

階段

kaidan — staircase, steps, flight of stairs

前

mae — in front of, before, ahead

で

de — at, in, by means of (location/means particle)

震え

furue — trembling, shivering, shaking of body

て

te — conjunctive particle linking verb phrases

い

i — continuative form of iru (to be/exist)

た

ta — past tense verb ending particle

扉

tobira — door, gate, large hinged entrance panel

敷居

shikii — threshold, door sill, entryway boundary

を

wo / o — direct object marker particle

またい

matai — straddling, stepping over a threshold

夜

yoru / yo — night, nighttime

明かし

akashi — spending the night, staying awake through night

と

to — quotation or conjunction particle, and/with

言い張る

iiharu — to insist, to assert stubbornly, to maintain

者

mono / sha — person, one who does something

さえ

sae — even, as long as, emphatic addition particle

それ

sore — that, it (mid-distance demonstrative pronoun)

は

wa — topic marker particle

真っ先

massaki — very first, foremost, at the head

に

ni — direction, time, location particle

中

naka / chū — inside, middle, within

へ

e — direction particle, toward, to

入れる

ireru — to put in, to let enter, to insert

よう

yō — so as to, in order to, it seems

する

suru — to do, to make, to perform

ため

tame — for the sake of, in order to, purpose

あっ

a' — oh! ah! exclamation of surprise or realization

群衆

gunshū — crowd, mob, large gathering of people

刻一刻

koku ikkoku — moment by moment, with each passing moment

密度

mitsudo — density, concentration, degree of compactness

増し

mashi — increasing, growing, becoming more (conjunctive)

平常

heijō — normal, usual, ordinary, everyday state

水位

suii — water level, surface level of liquid

超え

koe — exceeding, surpassing, going beyond

溢れる

afureru — to overflow, to spill over, to flood

水

mizu — water, liquid

壁

kabe — wall, partition, barrier

沿っ

sot(te) — along, following the line of something

這い上がり

haiagari — crawling up, climbing up by creeping

柱

hashira — pillar, column, post, supporting structure

周り

mawari — around, surroundings, circumference

膨れ上がり

fukureagari — swelling up, bulging outward, expanding greatly

上

ue / jō — above, on top, upper part

窓枠

madowaku — window frame, border structure around window

建築物

kenchikubutsu — building, architectural structure, constructed edifice

あらゆる

arayuru — every, all kinds of, every possible type

突出

tosshutsu — protrusion, projecting out, jutting forward

し

shi — conjunctive form or listing particle

部分

bubun — part, portion, section of a whole

彫刻

chōkoku — sculpture, carving, engraved artwork

浮き彫り

ukibori — relief sculpture, raised carving, embossed design

広がり

hirogari — spreading, expanding, widening area or extent

始め

hajime — beginning, start, onset of something

そのため

sono tame — therefore, for that reason, as a result

不快感

fukaikan — discomfort, unpleasant feeling, sense of displeasure

焦燥

shōsō — impatience, irritation, anxious restlessness

疲労

hirō — fatigue, exhaustion, weariness

皮肉

hiniku — irony, sarcasm, cynical remark

愚行

gukō — foolish act, stupid behavior, folly

満ち

michi — filled with, full of (conjunctive form)

一日

ichinichi / tsuitachi — one day, all day long

気まま

kimama — self-indulgent, doing as one pleases, whimsical

さ

sa — nominalizing suffix indicating a state or degree

些細

sasai — trivial, minor, petty, insignificant matter

原因

gen'in — cause, reason, origin of a problem

鋭く

surudoku — sharply, keenly, in a pointed manner

突き出た

tsukideta — protruding, sticking out, jutting forward

肘

hiji — elbow, bend of the arm

鉄

tetsu — iron, steel, hard metal

靴底

kutsuzoko — shoe sole, bottom surface of footwear

長い

nagai — long, lengthy in time or distance

待ち時間

machijikan — waiting time, time spent waiting in queue

疲れ

tsukare — tiredness, fatigue, weariness from effort

生じる

shōjiru — to arise, to occur, to come about

口論

kōron — quarrel, argument, verbal dispute, squabble

大使

taishi — ambassador, high-ranking diplomatic representative

たち

tachi — plural suffix for people or living things

到着

tōchaku — arrival, reaching a destination

定め

sadame — determining, fixing, appointing a time or rule

られ

rare — passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix

時刻

jikoku — time, a specific point or moment in time

より

yori — than, from, comparative or source particle

も

mo — also, too, even, additive particle

はるか

haruka — far, distant, by far, much more

以前

izen — before, previously, prior to a time

閉じ込め

tojikome — confining, trapping, shutting someone inside

互い

tagai — mutual, each other, reciprocal relationship

押し合い

oshiai — pushing each other, jostling in a crowd

踏みにじら

fuminijira — trampled upon, crushed underfoot, stepped on

れ

re — passive verb ending suffix

息

iki — breath, breathing, respiration

絶え絶え

taedae — gasping, barely breathing, faint and intermittent

なっ

na' — became, turning into (conjunctive past of naru)

これら

korera — these (plural demonstrative pronoun)

喧騒

kensō — noise, clamor, hustle and bustle, uproar

荒々しく

araaragashiku — roughly, violently, in a wild harsh manner

苦々しい

niganiganishii — bitter, resentful, deeply unpleasant feeling

響き

hibiki — sound, reverberation, resonance, echo

与え

atae — giving, granting, providing (conjunctive form)