Notre-Dame de Paris — Page 1

Vocabulary

封面

fēngmiàn — Front cover of a book or magazine.

巴黎

Bālí — Paris, the capital city of France.

圣母院

Shèngmǔyuàn — Notre-Dame Cathedral, famous Parisian Gothic church.

又

yòu — Again; also; in addition.

名

míng — Name; also a measure word for people.

的

de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification.

钟楼

zhōnglóu — Bell tower; a tower housing bells.

怪人

guàirén — Strange person; an eccentric or odd individual.

作者

zuòzhě — Author; the person who wrote a work.

译者

yìzhě — Translator; person who translates a written work.

序言

xùyán — Preface; introductory remarks at a book's start.

几年前

jǐ nián qián — A few years ago; some years in the past.

本书

běn shū — This book; referring to the current volume.

在

zài — At; in; located at a place or time.

参观

cānguān — To visit a place, such as a museum or site.

或者

huòzhě — Or; either…or; indicating an alternative option.

说

shuō — To say; to speak; to express in words.

翻查

fānchá — To look through and search; to browse and check.

巴黎圣母院

Bālí Shèngmǔyuàn — Notre-Dame de Paris; iconic Gothic cathedral in France.

时

shí — At the time of; when; during a certain moment.

其中

qízhōng — Among them; within it; inside that group.

一座

yī zuò — One (used for buildings, mountains, or large structures).

塔楼

tǎlóu — Tower; a tall tower structure on a building.

一个

yī gè — One; a general measure word for individual objects.

隐僻

yǐnpì — Secluded and hidden; remote and out of the way.

角落

jiǎoluò — Corner; a secluded or tucked-away spot or nook.

里

lǐ — Inside; within; used to indicate interior location.

发现

fāxiàn — To discover; to find something previously unknown.

了

le — Particle indicating completed action or change of state.

以下

yǐxià — The following; below; what comes next in text.

这个

zhège — This; this one; referring to a specific item nearby.

手刻

shǒukè — Hand-carved; engraved manually by a person's hand.

于

yú — At; in; on; a formal preposition indicating location.

墙壁

qiángbì — Wall; the vertical surface of a building's interior.

上

shàng — On; above; on top of a surface.

词

cí — Word; a unit of language with meaning.

这些

zhèxiē — These; referring to multiple nearby objects or items.

希腊

Xīlà — Greece; the European country known for ancient civilization.

大写

dàxiě — Capital letters; uppercase form of written characters.

字母

zìmǔ — Letters of an alphabet; written alphabetic characters.

因

yīn — Because of; due to; on account of a reason.

年代

niándài — Era; age; a period of historical time.

久远

jiǔyuǎn — Long ago; ancient; referring to a distant past time.

而

ér — And; yet; but; a conjunction linking clauses.

发黑

fāhēi — To turn black; to darken from age or damage.

深深

shēnshēn — Deeply; profoundly; to a great depth or degree.

地

de — Adverbial particle linking adverb to verb phrase.

镌刻

juānkè — To engrave; to carve deeply into a hard surface.

石头

shítou — Stone; rock; a hard natural mineral material.

其

qí — Its; their; a formal third-person possessive pronoun.

字形

zìxíng — Character shape; the visual form of written letters.

与

yǔ — And; with; together with; linking nouns formally.

姿态

zītài — Posture; appearance; manner or style of presentation.

印有

yìn yǒu — Bearing; imprinted with; showing a particular mark.

某种

mǒu zhǒng — A certain kind; some type of unspecified category.

哥特式

Gētè shì — Gothic style; referring to medieval European artistic style.

书法

shūfǎ — Calligraphy; the art of beautiful handwriting.

所

suǒ — A formal particle used before verbs in passive structures.

特有

tèyǒu — Unique to; characteristic of; exclusively belonging to.

我

wǒ — I; me; the first-person singular pronoun.

说不清

shuō bu qīng — Cannot explain clearly; hard to describe precisely.

符号

fúhào — Symbol; sign; a mark representing something specific.

特征

tèzhēng — Characteristic; distinctive feature or trait of something.

仿佛

fǎngfú — As if; seemingly; appearing to be something.

是

shì — To be; is; am; are; linking subject and predicate.

为了

wèile — In order to; for the purpose of achieving something.

揭示

jiēshì — To reveal; to disclose; to make something known.

那

nà — That; referring to something at a distance.

一只

yī zhī — One (used for hands, animals, or small objects).

中世纪

zhōngshìjì — The Middle Ages; medieval historical period in Europe.

之手

zhī shǒu — By the hand of; written or made by someone.

将

jiāng — Will; going to; a formal future tense marker.

刻于

kè yú — Engraved on; carved into a specific surface location.

此处

cǐchù — Here; at this place; this specific location.

尤其

yóuqí — Especially; particularly; above all other things.

蕴含

yùnhán — To contain; to embody; to hold meaning within.

宿命

sùmìng — Fate; destiny; the idea that outcomes are predetermined.

忧郁

yōuyù — Melancholy; gloomy; feeling of sadness and depression.

含义

hányì — Meaning; implication; the sense contained within words.

震撼

zhènhàn — To shake; to deeply move or shock emotionally.

他

tā — He; him; third-person masculine singular pronoun.

扪心自问

mén xīn zì wèn — To search one's conscience; to ask oneself honestly.

试图

shìtú — To attempt; to try to do something difficult.

猜想

cāixiǎng — To guess; to speculate; to conjecture about something.

究竟

jiūjìng — Exactly; after all; used to seek a definite answer.

哪

nǎ — Which; what; used in questions asking for specification.

饱受

bǎoshòu — To suffer greatly from; to be thoroughly subjected to.

折磨

zhémo — Torment; torture; to cause great suffering to someone.

灵魂

línghún — Soul; spirit; the non-physical essence of a person.

不愿

bú yuàn — Unwilling; reluctant; not wanting to do something.

离开

líkāi — To leave; to depart from a place or person.

世界

shìjiè — World; the earth; all of existence around us.

之前

zhīqián — Before; prior to; earlier than a specified time.

不

bù — No; not; negation particle used before verbs.

这座

zhè zuò — This (used for buildings or large structures).

古老

gǔlǎo — Ancient; old; having existed for a very long time.

教堂

jiàotáng — Church; a Christian place of worship and prayer.

额头

étóu — Forehead; the front part of the head above eyes.

留下

liúxià — To leave behind; to remain; to keep something there.

这

zhè — This; referring to something nearby or just mentioned.

罪孽

zuìniè — Sin; iniquity; grave moral wrongdoing or transgression.

或

huò — Or; either; an alternative conjunction in formal usage.

不幸

bùxìng — Misfortune; bad luck; an unfortunate circumstance.

烙印

làoyìn — Brand; lasting mark burned or stamped onto something.

此后

cǐhòu — After this; from then on; subsequently.

那面

nà miàn — That (wall); that side; referring to a specific surface.

墙

qiáng — Wall; a vertical structure dividing or enclosing space.

被

bèi — By; passive marker indicating an action done to subject.

粉刷

fěnshuā — To whitewash; to paint over a wall with plaster.

刮平

guā píng — To scrape flat; to smooth a surface by scraping.

不得而知

bùdé ér zhī — Cannot be known; impossible to find out the truth.

铭文

míngwén — Inscription; text engraved on stone, metal, or walls.

也

yě — Also; too; as well; indicating addition or similarity.

随之

suí zhī — Along with it; following that; consequently thereafter.

消失

xiāoshī — To disappear; to vanish; to cease to exist or be seen.

因为

yīnwèi — Because; since; giving the reason for something.

过去

guòqù — The past; previously; time that has already passed.

两百年

liǎng bǎi nián — Two hundred years; a span of two centuries.

人们

rénmen — People; human beings in general; the general public.

一直

yīzhí — Always; continuously; all along without interruption.

习惯于

xíguàn yú — To be accustomed to; used to doing something regularly.

如此

rúcǐ — Like this; in such a way; to this extent.

对待

duìdài — To treat; to handle; to deal with someone or something.

那些

nàxiē — Those; referring to multiple distant or previously mentioned items.

令人叹为观止

lìng rén tàn wéi guān zhǐ — So magnificent it leaves one speechless with admiration.

毁损

huǐsǔn — To damage; to destroy; to cause harm to something.

从

cóng — From; since; starting from a point in time or space.

四面八方

sìmiàn bāfāng — From all directions; from every side; everywhere around.

向

xiàng — Toward; facing; in the direction of something.

它们

tāmen — They; them; third-person plural for non-human objects.

袭来

xí lái — To strike; to assault; to come upon suddenly with force.

既

jì — Both; already; since; used in paired conjunctions.

来自

láizì — To come from; to originate from a place or source.

内部

nèibù — Interior; inside; the inner part of something.

外部

wàibù — Exterior; outside; the outer part of something.

神父

shénfù — Catholic priest; a male ordained Christian clergy member.

副主教

fù zhǔjiào — Archdeacon; a senior church official below a bishop.

刮除

guāchú — To scrape off; to remove by scraping a surface.

而后

érhòu — After that; then; subsequently following a prior action.

民众

mínzhòng — The masses; ordinary people; the general population.

蜂拥而至

fēng yōng ér zhì — To swarm in; to arrive in a large rushing crowd.

拆毁

chāihuǐ — To tear down; to demolish; to destroy a structure.