On Liberty — Page 6

Vocabulary

wurde

Was; past tense of 'werden' (to become/be)

ihr

Her, their, or you (plural/formal)

bereits

Already; indicating something has occurred before

vorgestellt

Introduced; past participle of 'vorstellen'

bei

At, near, or during; common preposition

einem

A/an; dative indefinite article (masculine/neuter)

Abendessen

Dinner; the evening meal

im

In the; contraction of 'in dem'

Hause

House; dative form of 'Haus'

von

Of, from, by; very common preposition

dem

The; dative definite article (masculine/neuter)

unter

Under, among; common preposition

anderen

Others; dative/genitive plural of 'andere'

und

And; basic coordinating conjunction

anwesend

Present; being in attendance at a place

waren

Were; past tense plural of 'sein' (to be)

Die

The; definite article (feminine/plural nominative)

Bekanntschaft

Acquaintance; the state of knowing someone

reifte

Ripened, matured; past tense of 'reifen'

rasch

Quickly, rapidly; describing fast pace

zur

To the; contraction of 'zu der'

Vertrautheit

Familiarity, intimacy; close personal relationship

die

The; definite article or relative pronoun (feminine/plural)

Freundschaft

Friendship; bond of mutual affection between people

es

It; third-person singular neuter pronoun

nie

Never; indicating something does not occur

müde

Tired, weary; feeling fatigue or weariness

über

Over, about; preposition indicating topic or position

alle

All, every; referring to the complete set

Vorzüge

Advantages, merits; positive qualities of something

einer

A/an; genitive/dative feminine indefinite article

so

So, thus; adverb of degree or manner

einzigartigen

Unique, one-of-a-kind; unlike anything else

Beziehung

Relationship, connection; bond between people or things

ausführlich

In detail, thoroughly; at length and comprehensively

zu

To, too, at; preposition or infinitive marker

sprechen

To speak, to talk; verbal communication

In

In; preposition indicating location or inclusion

einigen

Some, a few; dative plural of 'einige'

der

The; definite article (masculine nominative or genitive)

Widmungsexemplare

Dedication copies; books with personal dedications inscribed

seines

His, its; genitive masculine possessive pronoun

Werkes

Work, opus; genitive of 'Werk' (literary work)

_Politische

Political; adjective, part of a work's title

Ökonomie_

Economy; study of production and distribution of wealth

schrieb

Wrote; past tense of 'schreiben' (to write)

er

He; third-person masculine singular pronoun

folgende

Following; the next or ensuing item

Widmung

Dedication; inscription dedicating a work to someone

An

To, at; preposition indicating addressee or direction

allen

All; dative plural of 'alle'

Autor

Author; person who writes a literary work

bekannten

Known, familiar; dative plural of 'bekannt'

Personen

Persons, people; plural of 'Person'

am

At the, on the; contraction of 'an dem'

besten

Best; superlative form of 'gut' (good)

geeignet

Suited, qualified; past participle of 'eignen'

ist

Is; third-person singular present of 'sein'

Spekulationen

Speculations; theoretical ideas or conjectures

den

The; accusative masculine or dative plural article

gesellschaftlichen

Social; relating to society and its structures

Fortschritt

Progress; advancement toward a better state

anzuregen

To stimulate, to inspire; infinitive of 'anregen'

oder

Or; coordinating disjunctive conjunction

würdigen

To appreciate, to honor; to recognize merit

wird

Will, becomes; third-person singular of 'werden'

dieses

This; nominative/genitive demonstrative pronoun (neuter)

Werk

Work, opus; a creative or literary production

mit

With; preposition indicating accompaniment or means

höchsten

Highest; superlative of 'hoch' in dative form

Respekt

Respect; high regard and esteem for someone

Hochachtung

Deep respect, high esteem; formal admiration

gewidmet

Dedicated; past participle of 'widmen' (to dedicate)

Ein

A/an; indefinite article (masculine/neuter nominative)

Artikel

Article; a piece of writing in a publication

Emanzipation

Emancipation; liberation from social or legal constraints

Frauen

Women; plural of 'Frau' (woman)

zum

To the; contraction of 'zu dem'

Anlass

Occasion, cause; reason prompting an action

für

For; preposition indicating purpose or recipient

ein

A/an; indefinite article (neuter/masculine nominative)

weiteres

Further, another; additional beyond what exists

Lobgedicht

Eulogy poem; a poem of praise and admiration

Wir

We; first-person plural nominative pronoun

werden

Will, become; auxiliary or main verb

kaum

Hardly, barely; indicating something is unlikely

falsch

Wrong, false; incorrect or mistaken

liegen

To lie, to be situated; position or location

wenn

When, if; conditional or temporal conjunction

wir

We; first-person plural pronoun

viel

Much, a lot; indicating large quantity

späteres

Later; comparative adjective referring to subsequent time

Buch

Book; a written and published literary work

_Die

The; definite article, part of a book title

Unterwerfung

Subjection, submission; act of subordinating someone

Frauen_

Women; plural of 'Frau', part of book title

das

The/that; neuter definite article or demonstrative

veröffentlicht

Published; past participle of 'veröffentlichen'

Einfluss

Influence; effect or impact on something

zuschreiben

To attribute, to ascribe; assign credit or cause

Schließlich

Finally, ultimately; indicating a conclusion

hallen

Resound, echo; to ring or reverberate with sound

Seiten

Pages, sides; plural of 'Seite'

_Autobiographie_

Autobiography; a self-written account of one's life

Lob

Praise; expression of admiration or approval

nahezu

Almost, nearly; very close to a condition

unfehlbaren

Infallible; incapable of being wrong or making errors

Ratgebers

Adviser, counselor; genitive of 'Ratgeber'

wider

Against; preposition or prefix indicating opposition

Tatsachen

Facts; plural of 'Tatsache' (fact)

dieser

This; demonstrative pronoun (genitive feminine or nominative masculine)

bemerkenswerten

Remarkable; worthy of notice or attention

lassen

To let, to allow; also causative auxiliary verb

sich

Oneself, themselves; reflexive pronoun

leicht

Easy, light; simple or not heavy

darlegen

To set forth, to explain; present facts clearly

Schlussfolgerungen

Conclusions, inferences; results drawn from reasoning

sind

Are; third-person plural present of 'sein'

schwieriger

More difficult; comparative of 'schwierig'

Es

It; neuter third-person singular pronoun

steht

Stands, is; third-person singular of 'stehen'

außer

Outside, except; preposition indicating exclusion

Frage

Question; an inquiry or matter of doubt

dass

That; subordinating conjunction introducing a clause

Vernarrtheit

Infatuation; excessive foolish love or obsession

seinen

His; accusative/dative masculine possessive pronoun

Bekannten

Acquaintances; people one knows casually

Freunden

Friends; dative plural of 'Freund'

erhebliche

Considerable, significant; of notable size or degree

Schwierigkeiten

Difficulties, troubles; plural of 'Schwierigkeit'

bereitete

Caused, prepared; past tense of 'bereiten'

Sein

His; possessive pronoun (nominative masculine/neuter)

Vater

Father; male parent

warf

Threw; past tense of 'werfen' (to throw)

ihm

Him, to him; dative masculine/neuter pronoun

offen

Openly, frankly; without concealment

vor

Before, in front of; temporal or spatial preposition

in

In, into; common locative preposition

Frau

Woman, wife, Mrs.; adult female person

eines

Of a; genitive indefinite article (masculine/neuter)

Mannes

Man's; genitive of 'Mann' (man, husband)

verliebt

In love; being romantically attracted to someone

sein

To be; infinitive of the verb 'sein'

gehörten

Belonged to; past tense plural of 'gehören'

jenen

Those; dative plural demonstrative pronoun

darunter

Among them, beneath; referring to included persons

litten

Suffered; past tense plural of 'leiden'

weil

Because; subordinating causal conjunction

sie

She, they, or you (formal); pronoun

eine

A/an; indefinite article (feminine nominative)

Anspielung

Allusion, hint; indirect reference to something

auf

On, upon, to; common preposition

verbotenes

Forbidden; neuter adjective from 'verboten'

Thema

Topic, theme; subject of discussion or work

machten

Made, did; past tense plural of 'machen'