On Liberty — Page 1
Produced by Curtis Weyant, Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
Producido por Curtis Weyant, Martin Pettit y el Equipo de Corrección en Línea Distribuida en http://www.pgdp.net
On Liberty.
Sobre la Libertad.
By John Stuart Mill.
Por John Stuart Mill.
With an Introduction by W. L. Courtney, LL.D.
Con una Introducción de W. L. Courtney, LL.D.
The Walter Scott Publishing Co., Ltd.
The Walter Scott Publishing Co., Ltd.
London and Felling-on-Tyne
Londres y Felling-on-Tyne
New York and Melbourne
Nueva York y Melbourne
_To the beloved and deplored memory of her who was the inspirer, and in part the author, of all that is best in my writings--the friend and wife whose exalted sense of truth and right was my strongest incitement, and whose approbation was my chief reward--I dedicate this volume.
_A la amada y llorada memoria de aquella que fue la inspiradora, y en parte la autora, de todo lo mejor de mis escritos--la amiga y esposa cuyo elevado sentido de la verdad y del bien fue mi más poderoso incentivo, y cuya aprobación fue mi mayor recompensa--dedico este volumen.
Like all that I have written for many years, it belongs as much to her as to me; but the work as it stands has had, in a very insufficient degree, the inestimable advantage of her revision; some of the most important portions having been reserved for a more careful re-examination, which they are now never destined to receive.
Como todo lo que he escrito durante muchos años, le pertenece tanto a ella como a mí; pero la obra tal como está ha tenido, en grado muy insuficiente, la inestimable ventaja de su revisión; algunas de las partes más importantes habían sido reservadas para un examen más cuidadoso, que ahora nunca está destinado a realizarse.
Were I but capable of interpreting to the world one-half the great thoughts and noble feelings which are buried in her grave, I should be the medium of a greater benefit to it than is ever likely to arise from anything that I can write, unprompted and unassisted by her all but unrivalled wisdom._
Si tan solo fuera capaz de interpretar al mundo la mitad de los grandes pensamientos y nobles sentimientos que están enterrados en su tumba, sería el medio de un beneficio mayor para él del que jamás podría surgir de cualquier cosa que yo pueda escribir, sin el estímulo y la ayuda de su sabiduría casi sin igual._
INTRODUCTION.
INTRODUCCIÓN.
I.
I.
John Stuart Mill was born on 20th May 1806.
John Stuart Mill nació el 20 de mayo de 1806.
He was a delicate child, and the extraordinary education designed by his father was not calculated to develop and improve his physical powers.
Era un niño delicado, y la extraordinaria educación diseñada por su padre no estaba pensada para desarrollar y mejorar sus facultades físicas.
Vocabulary
- Producido
- Created or manufactured; past participle of producir
- por
- By, for, or through; common preposition
- y
- And; basic coordinating conjunction
- el
- The; masculine singular definite article
- Equipo
- Team or equipment; group working together
- de
- Of or from; very common preposition
- Corrección
- Correction or proofreading; fixing errors
- en
- In, on, or at; common preposition
- Línea
- Line; a row, stroke, or online connection
- Distribuida
- Distributed; spread out or shared widely
- Sobre
- About, over, or on top of something
- la
- The; feminine singular definite article
- Libertad
- Freedom or liberty; absence of restriction
- Por
- By, for, or through; common preposition
- Con
- With; preposition indicating accompaniment
- una
- A or an; feminine singular indefinite article
- Introducción
- Introduction; opening section of a text
- Londres
- London; capital city of England
- Nueva
- New; feminine form of nuevo
- A
- To or at; preposition or indefinite article
- amada
- Beloved; deeply loved person or thing
- llorada
- Mourned or wept for; deeply missed
- memoria
- Memory; recollection of a person or event
- aquella
- That; feminine demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant
- que
- That, which, or who; common conjunction or pronoun
- fue
- Was or went; past tense of ser or ir
- inspiradora
- Inspiring; someone who motivates or inspires others
- parte
- Part or portion; section of a whole
- autora
- Author; female creator of a written work
- todo
- All or everything; entirety of something
- lo
- It or the; neuter article or pronoun
- mejor
- Better or best; superior in quality
- mis
- My; first-person plural possessive adjective
- escritos
- Writings; texts or documents that have been written
- amiga
- Friend; female companion or close associate
- esposa
- Wife; a married woman in relation to her husband
- cuyo
- Whose; relative possessive pronoun
- elevado
- Elevated or high; lofty in rank or quality
- sentido
- Sense or feeling; meaning or perception
- verdad
- Truth; that which is true or accurate
- del
- Of the; contraction of de and el
- bien
- Good or well; moral goodness or wellness
- mi
- My; first-person singular possessive adjective
- más
- More or most; comparative adverb or adjective
- poderoso
- Powerful or mighty; having great strength or influence
- incentivo
- Incentive; motivation or encouragement to act
- cuya
- Whose; feminine relative possessive pronoun
- aprobación
- Approval; positive judgment or acceptance
- mayor
- Greater or older; larger in size or importance
- recompensa
- Reward; something given in return for effort
- dedico
- I dedicate; to devote something to someone
- este
- This; masculine singular demonstrative adjective
- volumen
- Volume; a book or level of sound
- Como
- As or like; conjunction or comparative adverb
- he
- I have; auxiliary verb in present perfect tense
- escrito
- Written; past participle of escribir
- durante
- During; throughout a period of time
- muchos
- Many; a large number of something
- años
- Years; plural of año, unit of time
- le
- To him, her, or you; indirect object pronoun
- pertenece
- Belongs; something that is owned by someone
- tanto
- So much or as much; indicating degree or quantity
- a
- To or at; preposition indicating direction or recipient
- ella
- She or her; third-person feminine subject pronoun
- como
- As or like; conjunction or comparative adverb
- mí
- Me; first-person singular pronoun after preposition
- pero
- But; conjunction indicating contrast or exception
- obra
- Work or opus; a literary or artistic creation
- tal
- Such; indicating a particular kind or degree
- está
- Is; third-person singular present tense of estar
- ha
- Has; third-person singular auxiliary verb haber
- tenido
- Had; past participle of tener
- grado
- Degree or grade; level or measure of something
- muy
- Very; adverb intensifying adjectives or adverbs
- insuficiente
- Insufficient; not enough or lacking adequacy
- inestimable
- Invaluable; too precious to be measured or priced
- ventaja
- Advantage; a favorable condition or benefit
- su
- His, her, its, or your; possessive adjective
- revisión
- Revision or review; careful examination of something
- algunas
- Some; feminine plural of alguno
- las
- The; feminine plural definite article
- partes
- Parts; plural of parte, sections of a whole
- importantes
- Important; significant or of great consequence
- habían
- Had; third-person plural imperfect of haber
- sido
- Been; past participle of ser
- reservadas
- Reserved; set aside for a specific purpose
- para
- For or in order to; preposition of purpose
- un
- A or an; masculine singular indefinite article
- examen
- Examination; careful inspection or review
- cuidadoso
- Careful or thorough; paying close attention
- ahora
- Now; at the present time
- nunca
- Never; at no time or not ever
- destinado
- Destined or intended; meant for a purpose
- realizarse
- To take place or be realized; to happen
- Si
- If; conditional conjunction introducing a clause
- tan
- So or as; adverb of degree or comparison
- solo
- Only or alone; just one or by oneself
- fuera
- Were or outside; past subjunctive of ser or ir
- capaz
- Capable; having the ability to do something
- interpretar
- To interpret; to explain or perform something
- al
- To the; contraction of a and el
- mundo
- World; the earth or all people in it
- mitad
- Half; one of two equal parts
- los
- The; masculine plural definite article
- grandes
- Great or large; significant in size or importance
- pensamientos
- Thoughts; ideas or reflections in the mind
- nobles
- Noble; having high moral qualities or rank
- sentimientos
- Feelings or emotions; inner emotional states
- están
- Are; third-person plural present tense of estar
- enterrados
- Buried; placed underground or deeply hidden
- tumba
- Tomb or grave; place where the dead are buried
- sería
- Would be; conditional tense of ser
- medio
- Half or middle; midpoint or medium
- beneficio
- Benefit; an advantage or profit gained
- él
- He or him; third-person masculine subject pronoun
- jamás
- Never or ever; strong negation of time
- podría
- Could; conditional tense of poder
- surgir
- To emerge or arise; to come into being
- cualquier
- Any; indefinite adjective indicating no preference
- cosa
- Thing; any object or matter
- yo
- I; first-person singular subject pronoun
- pueda
- Can or may; present subjunctive of poder
- escribir
- To write; to compose text
- sin
- Without; preposition indicating absence
- estímulo
- Stimulus; something that encourages action or growth
- ayuda
- Help or aid; assistance given to someone
- sabiduría
- Wisdom; deep knowledge and good judgment
- casi
- Almost or nearly; close to but not quite
- igual
- Equal or same; alike in value or degree
- INTRODUCCIÓN
- Introduction; opening section of a text
- nació
- Was born; third-person past tense of nacer
- mayo
- May; fifth month of the year
- Era
- Was; third-person singular imperfect of ser
- niño
- Boy or child; a young male person
- delicado
- Delicate; fragile, sensitive, or refined
- extraordinaria
- Extraordinary; exceptional or beyond the ordinary
- educación
- Education; the process of learning and teaching
- diseñada
- Designed; planned or created for a purpose
- padre
- Father; a male parent
- no
- No or not; negation word
- estaba
- Was; third-person singular imperfect of estar
- pensada
- Intended or thought out; planned in advance
- desarrollar
- To develop; to grow or improve something
- mejorar
- To improve; to make something better
- sus
- His, her, their, or your; plural possessive adjective
- facultades
- Faculties; mental or physical abilities and capacities
- físicas
- Physical; relating to the body or material world
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