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On Liberty — Page 15

English → Spanish Preface Level 9/10

In the tract on _Liberty_, Mill is advocating the rights of the individual as against Society at the very opening of an era that was rapidly coming to the conclusion that the individual had no absolute rights against Society.

En el tratado sobre _La Libertad_, Mill defiende los derechos del individuo frente a la Sociedad en el mismo umbral de una era que llegaba rápidamente a la conclusión de que el individuo no tenía derechos absolutos frente a la Sociedad.

The eighteenth century view is that individuals existed first, each with their own special claims and responsibilities; that they deliberately formed a Social State, either by a contract or otherwise; and that then finally they limited their own action out of regard for the interests of the social organism thus arbitrarily produced.

La visión del siglo XVIII sostiene que los individuos existieron primero, cada uno con sus propias reivindicaciones y responsabilidades particulares; que deliberadamente formaron un Estado Social, ya sea mediante un contrato o de otro modo; y que finalmente limitaron su propia acción por consideración a los intereses del organismo social así arbitrariamente producido.

This is hardly the view of the nineteenth century.

Esta es apenas la visión del siglo XIX.

It is possible that logically the individual is prior to the State; historically and in the order of Nature, the State is prior to the individual.

Es posible que lógicamente el individuo sea anterior al Estado; históricamente y en el orden de la Naturaleza, el Estado es anterior al individuo.

In other words, such rights as every single personality possesses in a modern world do not belong to him by an original ordinance of Nature, but are slowly acquired in the growth and development of the social state.

En otras palabras, los derechos que posee cada individuo en el mundo moderno no le pertenecen por una ordenanza original de la Naturaleza, sino que se adquieren lentamente en el crecimiento y desarrollo del estado social.

It is not the truth that individual liberties were forfeited by some deliberate act when men made themselves into a Commonwealth.

No es verdad que las libertades individuales fueran perdidas por algún acto deliberado cuando los hombres se constituyeron en una República.

Vocabulary

tratado
A formal written work or treaty on a subject.
Libertad_
The condition of being free from restriction.
defiende
To defend or uphold a position or right.
derechos
Rights or entitlements belonging to individuals.
individuo
A single human being distinct from a group.
frente
In front of or in opposition to something.
Sociedad
A community of people sharing common institutions.
mismo
Same or very; used for emphasis.
umbral
A threshold or the beginning of something.
era
A long distinct period of history.
llegaba
Was arriving or coming to a point.
rápidamente
Quickly or at a fast pace.
conclusión
The end or final outcome of something.
tenía
Had; past imperfect tense of 'tener'.
absolutos
Absolute values or principles without exception.
visión
A particular way of seeing or understanding something.
siglo
A century, a period of one hundred years.
sostiene
To maintain or uphold a claim or position.
individuos
Individual persons considered separately from a group.
existieron
Existed; past tense referring to prior existence.
primero
First in order, rank, or importance.
cada
Each or every one of a group.
propias
Own; belonging specifically to oneself.
reivindicaciones
Claims or demands asserting one's rights.
responsabilidades
Duties or obligations one is accountable for.
particulares
Particular, individual, or private in nature.
deliberadamente
Done on purpose, intentionally and with careful thought.
formaron
Formed or established something collectively.
Estado
A politically organized nation or governing body.
Social
Relating to society and collective human interaction.
ya
Already, now, or used for emphasis.
sea
Subjunctive of 'ser'; 'whether it be'.
mediante
By means of; through a specific method.
contrato
A formal binding agreement between parties.
modo
A manner, way, or method of doing something.
finalmente
Finally, at last, in the end.
limitaron
They limited or restricted something.
propia
Own; belonging to oneself specifically.
acción
An action or act performed by someone.
consideración
Careful thought given to a matter or person.
intereses
Interests or concerns of a person or group.
organismo
An organism or organized body, social or biological.
social
Relating to society or communal human life.
así
Thus, so, or in this way.
arbitrariamente
In an arbitrary manner, without clear reasoning.
producido
Produced or brought about; past participle of 'producir'.
apenas
Hardly, scarcely, or just barely.
posible
Possible; able to be done or achieved.
lógicamente
In a logical manner, following reason and logic.
anterior
Previous or earlier in time or order.
históricamente
In historical terms or from a historical perspective.
orden
Order, arrangement, or structured organization.
Naturaleza
Nature; the natural world or inherent character.
palabras
Words; units of language used in communication.
posee
To possess or own something.
mundo
The world; the earth and all its inhabitants.
moderno
Modern; relating to present or recent times.
pertenecen
Belong to; are the property of someone.
ordenanza
An ordinance or official decree regulating conduct.
original
Original; existing from the beginning or source.
sino
But rather; used to contrast a negation.
adquieren
To acquire or obtain something over time.
lentamente
Slowly; at a gradual, unhurried pace.
crecimiento
Growth; the process of increasing in size or development.
desarrollo
Development; gradual growth and advancement.
estado
State or condition; also a political state.
verdad
Truth; that which is true or factual.
libertades
Freedoms or liberties belonging to individuals.
individuales
Individual; relating to a single person specifically.
fueran
Were; past subjunctive of 'ser' or 'ir'.
perdidas
Lost; no longer possessed or found.
algún
Some or any; an unspecified one.
acto
An act or action performed deliberately.
deliberado
Deliberate; done intentionally and with forethought.
cuando
When; at the time that something occurred.
hombres
Men or human beings in general.
constituyeron
They constituted or established something formally.
República
A republic; a state governed by elected representatives.
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