On Liberty — Page 15
In the tract on _Liberty_, Mill is advocating the rights of the individual as against Society at the very opening of an era that was rapidly coming to the conclusion that the individual had no absolute rights against Society.
En el tratado sobre _La Libertad_, Mill defiende los derechos del individuo frente a la Sociedad en el mismo umbral de una era que llegaba rápidamente a la conclusión de que el individuo no tenía derechos absolutos frente a la Sociedad.
The eighteenth century view is that individuals existed first, each with their own special claims and responsibilities; that they deliberately formed a Social State, either by a contract or otherwise; and that then finally they limited their own action out of regard for the interests of the social organism thus arbitrarily produced.
La visión del siglo XVIII sostiene que los individuos existieron primero, cada uno con sus propias reivindicaciones y responsabilidades particulares; que deliberadamente formaron un Estado Social, ya sea mediante un contrato o de otro modo; y que finalmente limitaron su propia acción por consideración a los intereses del organismo social así arbitrariamente producido.
This is hardly the view of the nineteenth century.
Esta es apenas la visión del siglo XIX.
It is possible that logically the individual is prior to the State; historically and in the order of Nature, the State is prior to the individual.
Es posible que lógicamente el individuo sea anterior al Estado; históricamente y en el orden de la Naturaleza, el Estado es anterior al individuo.
In other words, such rights as every single personality possesses in a modern world do not belong to him by an original ordinance of Nature, but are slowly acquired in the growth and development of the social state.
En otras palabras, los derechos que posee cada individuo en el mundo moderno no le pertenecen por una ordenanza original de la Naturaleza, sino que se adquieren lentamente en el crecimiento y desarrollo del estado social.
It is not the truth that individual liberties were forfeited by some deliberate act when men made themselves into a Commonwealth.
No es verdad que las libertades individuales fueran perdidas por algún acto deliberado cuando los hombres se constituyeron en una República.
Vocabulary
- tratado
- A formal written work or treaty on a subject.
- Libertad_
- The condition of being free from restriction.
- defiende
- To defend or uphold a position or right.
- derechos
- Rights or entitlements belonging to individuals.
- individuo
- A single human being distinct from a group.
- frente
- In front of or in opposition to something.
- Sociedad
- A community of people sharing common institutions.
- mismo
- Same or very; used for emphasis.
- umbral
- A threshold or the beginning of something.
- era
- A long distinct period of history.
- llegaba
- Was arriving or coming to a point.
- rápidamente
- Quickly or at a fast pace.
- conclusión
- The end or final outcome of something.
- tenía
- Had; past imperfect tense of 'tener'.
- absolutos
- Absolute values or principles without exception.
- visión
- A particular way of seeing or understanding something.
- siglo
- A century, a period of one hundred years.
- sostiene
- To maintain or uphold a claim or position.
- individuos
- Individual persons considered separately from a group.
- existieron
- Existed; past tense referring to prior existence.
- primero
- First in order, rank, or importance.
- cada
- Each or every one of a group.
- propias
- Own; belonging specifically to oneself.
- reivindicaciones
- Claims or demands asserting one's rights.
- responsabilidades
- Duties or obligations one is accountable for.
- particulares
- Particular, individual, or private in nature.
- deliberadamente
- Done on purpose, intentionally and with careful thought.
- formaron
- Formed or established something collectively.
- Estado
- A politically organized nation or governing body.
- Social
- Relating to society and collective human interaction.
- ya
- Already, now, or used for emphasis.
- sea
- Subjunctive of 'ser'; 'whether it be'.
- mediante
- By means of; through a specific method.
- contrato
- A formal binding agreement between parties.
- modo
- A manner, way, or method of doing something.
- finalmente
- Finally, at last, in the end.
- limitaron
- They limited or restricted something.
- propia
- Own; belonging to oneself specifically.
- acción
- An action or act performed by someone.
- consideración
- Careful thought given to a matter or person.
- intereses
- Interests or concerns of a person or group.
- organismo
- An organism or organized body, social or biological.
- social
- Relating to society or communal human life.
- así
- Thus, so, or in this way.
- arbitrariamente
- In an arbitrary manner, without clear reasoning.
- producido
- Produced or brought about; past participle of 'producir'.
- apenas
- Hardly, scarcely, or just barely.
- posible
- Possible; able to be done or achieved.
- lógicamente
- In a logical manner, following reason and logic.
- anterior
- Previous or earlier in time or order.
- históricamente
- In historical terms or from a historical perspective.
- orden
- Order, arrangement, or structured organization.
- Naturaleza
- Nature; the natural world or inherent character.
- palabras
- Words; units of language used in communication.
- posee
- To possess or own something.
- mundo
- The world; the earth and all its inhabitants.
- moderno
- Modern; relating to present or recent times.
- pertenecen
- Belong to; are the property of someone.
- ordenanza
- An ordinance or official decree regulating conduct.
- original
- Original; existing from the beginning or source.
- sino
- But rather; used to contrast a negation.
- adquieren
- To acquire or obtain something over time.
- lentamente
- Slowly; at a gradual, unhurried pace.
- crecimiento
- Growth; the process of increasing in size or development.
- desarrollo
- Development; gradual growth and advancement.
- estado
- State or condition; also a political state.
- verdad
- Truth; that which is true or factual.
- libertades
- Freedoms or liberties belonging to individuals.
- individuales
- Individual; relating to a single person specifically.
- fueran
- Were; past subjunctive of 'ser' or 'ir'.
- perdidas
- Lost; no longer possessed or found.
- algún
- Some or any; an unspecified one.
- acto
- An act or action performed deliberately.
- deliberado
- Deliberate; done intentionally and with forethought.
- cuando
- When; at the time that something occurred.
- hombres
- Men or human beings in general.
- constituyeron
- They constituted or established something formally.
- República
- A republic; a state governed by elected representatives.
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