On Liberty — Page 14

English → Fr Preface Level 9/10

It is true that Mill had before learnt that men and women ought to be equal in legal, political, social, and domestic relations.

Il est vrai que Mill avait déjà appris que les hommes et les femmes devaient être égaux dans les relations juridiques, politiques, sociales et domestiques.

This was a point on which he had already fallen foul of his father's essay on _Government_.

C'était un point sur lequel il s'était déjà heurté à l'essai de son père sur le _Gouvernement_.

But Mrs. Taylor had actually written on this very point, and the warmth and fervour of Mill's denunciations of women's servitude were unmistakably caught from his wife's view of the practical disabilities entailed by the feminine position.

Mais Mme Taylor avait effectivement écrit sur ce point précis, et la chaleur et la ferveur des dénonciations de Mill contre la servitude des femmes étaient indéniablement empruntées à la vision de sa femme sur les handicaps pratiques qu'impliquait la condition féminine.

_Liberty_ was published in 1859, when the nineteenth century was half over, but in its general spirit and in some of its special tendencies the little tract belongs rather to the standpoint of the eighteenth century than to that which saw its birth.

_La Liberté_ fut publiée en 1859, alors que le dix-neuvième siècle était à moitié écoulé, mais dans son esprit général et dans certaines de ses tendances particulières, ce petit traité appartient davantage au point de vue du dix-huitième siècle qu'à celui qui vit sa naissance.

In many of his speculations John Stuart Mill forms a sort of connecting link between the doctrines of the earlier English empirical school and those which we associate with the name of Mr. Herbert Spencer.

Dans bon nombre de ses spéculations, John Stuart Mill forme une sorte de chaînon entre les doctrines de l'ancienne école empirique anglaise et celles que nous associons au nom de M. Herbert Spencer.

In his _Logic_, for instance, he represents an advance on the theories of Hume, and yet does not see how profoundly the victories of Science modify the conclusions of the earlier thinker.

Dans sa _Logique_, par exemple, il représente un progrès par rapport aux théories de Hume, et pourtant ne voit pas à quel point les victoires de la Science modifient les conclusions du penseur antérieur.

Similarly, in his _Political Economy_, he desires to improve and to enlarge upon Ricardo, and yet does not advance so far as the modifications of political economy by Sociology, indicated by some later--and especially German--speculations on the subject.

De même, dans son _Économie politique_, il cherche à améliorer et à développer Ricardo, mais n'avance pas aussi loin que les modifications de l'économie politique par la Sociologie, telles qu'elles sont indiquées par certaines spéculations ultérieures — et notamment allemandes — sur le sujet.

Vocabulary

vrai: True; corresponding to reality or fact.
déjà: Already; by a given point in time.
appris: Past participle of apprendre: learned, understood.
hommes: Men; adult male human beings.
femmes: Women; adult female human beings.
devaient: Imperfect of devoir: were supposed to, had to.
égaux: Plural of égal: equal in rights or status.
relations: Relations; connections or dealings between people or groups.
juridiques: Legal; pertaining to law or the legal system.
politiques: Political; relating to governance or public affairs.
sociales: Social; relating to society and human interaction.
domestiques: Domestic; relating to the home or household matters.
point: Point; a specific idea, matter, or topic.
lequel: Relative pronoun: which, on which (masculine singular).
heurté: Past participle of heurter: clashed, conflicted, bumped against.
essai: Essay; a short analytical or argumentative written work.
père: Father; male parent.
_Gouvernement_: Government; the system of ruling and administering a state.
effectivement: Indeed; actually, in fact, as it really happened.
écrit: Past participle of écrire: written; produced as text.
précis: Summary or treatise; concise written exposition of a subject.
chaleur: Warmth, heat; intensity of feeling or emotion.
ferveur: Fervour; passionate intensity or earnest enthusiasm.
dénonciations: Denunciations; strong public condemnations of wrongdoing.
servitude: Servitude; condition of being subject to another's control.
indéniablement: Undeniably; in a way that cannot be denied or disputed.
empruntées: Borrowed; taken from another source or person.
vision: Vision; a way of seeing or conceiving something.
femme: Woman; wife; adult female person.
handicaps: Handicaps; disadvantages or obstacles limiting ability.
pratiques: Practical; relating to actual practice or real situations.
impliquait: Imperfect of impliquer: implied, entailed, involved.
condition: Condition; circumstances or state of a person or thing.
féminine: Feminine; relating to women or female characteristics.
fut: Third person singular simple past of être: was.
publiée: Published; made available to the public in print.
alors: Then; at that time, therefore, so, well.
dix-neuvième: Nineteenth; ordinal number: position nineteen in a series.
siècle: Century; a period of one hundred years.
moitié: Half; one of two equal parts of a whole.
écoulé: Elapsed, passed; said of time that has gone by.
esprit: Spirit, mind; the general character or outlook of something.
général: General; broad, not specific, relating to the whole.
certaines: Certain; some specific, particular (feminine plural).
tendances: Tendencies; inclinations or trends in a direction.
particulières: Particular; specific, distinctive, individual (feminine plural).
petit: Small, little; of limited size or importance.
traité: Treatise; a formal written work on a specific subject.
appartient: Belongs; is part of or associated with a group.
davantage: More; to a greater extent or degree.
vue: View, perspective; a way of seeing or considering.
dix-huitième: Eighteenth; ordinal for position eighteen in a series.
celui: Demonstrative pronoun: the one, that one (masculine).
vit: Simple past of voir: saw; or of vivre: lived.
naissance: Birth; the beginning of something new or living.
bon: Good; of high quality, satisfactory, favourable.
nombre: Number; a quantity or count; un bon nombre means many.
spéculations: Speculations; theoretical reflections or philosophical conjectures.
forme: Forms; constitutes, takes the shape of something.
sorte: Sort, kind; a type or variety of something.
chaînon: Link; a connecting element in a chain or sequence.
doctrines: Doctrines; established sets of beliefs or principles.
ancienne: Old, ancient, former; relating to a past period.
école: School; an institution or tradition of thought.
empirique: Empirical; based on observation and experience rather than theory.
anglaise: English; relating to England or the English language.
celles: Demonstrative pronoun: those ones (feminine plural).
associons: We associate; link together in the mind or thought.
nom: Name; word by which a person or thing is known.
exemple: Example; an instance illustrating a general rule.
représente: Represents; stands for, constitutes, or embodies something.
progrès: Progress; forward development or improvement over time.
rapport: Relation; connection or comparison between two things.
théories: Theories; systematic explanations or frameworks of ideas.
pourtant: Yet, however; introducing a contrast or concession.
voit: Third person singular present of voir: sees.
quel: What, which; interrogative or exclamatory adjective (masculine).
victoires: Victories; successes or triumphs in a struggle or contest.
Science: Science; systematic study of the natural world.
modifient: Modify; alter or change the conclusions of a thinker.
conclusions: Conclusions; final judgments or outcomes reached by reasoning.
penseur: Thinker; a person who reflects deeply on ideas.
antérieur: Earlier, prior; coming before in time or order.
De même: Similarly, likewise; in the same way as before.
cherche: Seeks; tries to find or achieve something.
améliorer: To improve; to make better or more effective.
développer: To develop; to expand or elaborate upon something existing.
avance: Advances; moves forward or goes further than before.
aussi: Also, too, as; equally, likewise.
loin: Far; a great distance in space or degree.
modifications: Modifications; changes made to improve or adapt something.
économie politique: Political economy; study of production and wealth in society.
Sociologie: Sociology; the scientific study of society and social behaviour.
telles: Such; of that kind or degree (feminine plural).
indiquées: Indicated; pointed out or suggested (feminine plural past participle).
ultérieures: Later, subsequent; coming after in time (feminine plural).
notamment: Notably; in particular, especially, above all.
allemandes: German; relating to Germany (feminine plural adjective).
sujet: Subject; a topic or matter under discussion.

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