On Liberty — Page 12

English → Chinese Preface Level 9/10

Taylor's assistance in the _Political Economy_ is confined to certain definite points.

泰勒对《政治经济学》的协助仅限于某些特定的方面。

The purely scientific part was, we are assured, not learnt from her.

我们可以确定，其中纯粹科学性的部分并非得自于她。

"But it was chiefly her influence which gave to the book that general tone by which it is distinguished from all previous expositions of political economy that had any pretensions to be scientific, and which has made it so useful in conciliating minds which those previous expositions had repelled.

「但主要是她的影响，赋予了这本书一种总体基调，使其有别于此前所有自诩科学的政治经济学论著，并使它在化解那些论著所引发的抵触情绪方面大有裨益。

This tone consisted chiefly in making the proper distinction between the laws of the production of wealth, which are real laws of Nature, dependent on the properties of objects, and the modes of its distribution, which, subject to certain conditions, depend on human will....

这种基调主要在于恰当地区分了财富生产的规律与财富分配的方式——前者是真正的自然法则，取决于事物的属性，而后者则在一定条件下取决于人的意志……

_I had indeed partially learnt this view of things from the thoughts awakened in me by the speculations of St. Simonians_; but it was made a living principle, pervading and animating the book, by my wife's promptings."[4]

我确实曾从圣西门主义者的思想所激发的联想中部分地领悟到这种观点；但正是在我妻子的启发下，它才成为一种贯穿全书、赋予全书生命力的活的原则。」[4]

The part which is italicised is noticeable.

斜体标注的部分值得注意。

Here, as elsewhere, Mill thinks out the matter by himself; the concrete form of the thoughts is suggested or prompted by the wife.

在这里，与其他地方一样，密尔自己独立思考问题；而思想的具体形式则是由妻子提示或启发的。

Apart from this "general tone," Mill tells us that there was a specific contribution.

除了这种「总体基调」之外，密尔还告诉我们她有一项具体的贡献。

"The chapter which has had a greater influence on opinion than all the rest, that on the Probable Future of the Labouring Classes, is entirely due to her.

「对舆论的影响超过其他所有章节的那一章，即论劳动阶级之可能未来的那一章，完全出自她之手。

In the first draft of the book that chapter did not exist.

在本书的初稿中，那一章并不存在。

Vocabulary

对: duì — toward; regarding; correct
政治经济学: zhèngzhì jīngjìxué — political economy; study of economics and politics
的: de — structural particle indicating possession or modification
协助: xiézhù — to assist; to help with a task
仅限于: jǐn xiàn yú — limited only to; restricted to certain things
某些: mǒu xiē — certain; some particular unspecified things
特定: tèdìng — specific; particular; designated
方面: fāngmiàn — aspect; dimension; area of something
我们: wǒmen — we; us; first-person plural pronoun
可以: kěyǐ — can; may; be able to do something
确定: quèdìng — to confirm; to determine; certain
其中: qízhōng — among which; within that; therein
纯粹: chúncuì — purely; purely; absolutely; without mixture
科学性: kēxuéxìng — scientific nature; quality of being scientific
部分: bùfen — part; portion; section of something
并非: bìng fēi — not at all; is definitely not
得自于: dé zì yú — derived from; obtained from a source
她: tā — she; her; third-person singular feminine pronoun
但: dàn — but; however; yet; contrasting conjunction
主要: zhǔyào — main; primary; most important
是: shì — to be; is; am; are
影响: yǐngxiǎng — influence; impact; to affect something
赋予: fùyǔ — to endow with; to give; to bestow upon
了: le — particle indicating completion or change of state
这: zhè — this; referring to something nearby
本书: běn shū — this book; the present volume
一种: yī zhǒng — a kind of; a type of something
总体: zǒngtǐ — overall; general; as a whole
基调: jīdiào — keynote; overall tone or theme
使其: shǐ qí — to make it; causing it to become
有别于: yǒu bié yú — different from; distinguished from others
此前: cǐ qián — before this; prior to this time
所有: suǒyǒu — all; every; everything belonging to
自诩: zìxǔ — to boast; to self-claim; to call oneself
科学: kēxué — science; scientific; relating to science
论著: lùnzhù — scholarly work; academic treatise or writing
并: bìng — and; furthermore; also (formal usage)
使: shǐ — to cause; to make; to enable something
它: tā — it; third-person singular neuter pronoun
在: zài — at; in; on; located at a place
化解: huàjiě — to dissolve; to defuse; to resolve conflicts
那些: nàxiē — those; referring to previously mentioned things
所: suǒ — particle used before verbs for nominalization
引发: yǐnfā — to trigger; to cause; to give rise to
抵触情绪: dǐchù qíngxù — feeling of resistance; hostile emotional reaction
大有裨益: dà yǒu bìyì — greatly beneficial; of significant help or value
这种: zhè zhǒng — this kind of; this type of thing
在于: zàiyú — to lie in; to consist in; to depend on
恰当: qiàdàng — appropriate; proper; fitting; suitable
地: de — adverbial particle linking adverb to verb
区分: qūfēn — to distinguish; to differentiate between things
财富: cáifù — wealth; riches; material possessions
生产: shēngchǎn — production; to produce goods or output
规律: guīlǜ — law; rule; regular pattern in nature
与: yǔ — and; with; together with (formal)
分配: fēnpèi — distribution; allocation; to distribute resources
方式: fāngshì — method; way; manner of doing something
前者: qiánzhě — the former; the first of two mentioned things
真正: zhēnzhèng — true; genuine; real; authentic
自然法则: zìrán fǎzé — laws of nature; natural principles governing things
取决于: qǔjué yú — to depend on; to be determined by something
事物: shìwù — things; objects; matters in the world
属性: shǔxìng — attribute; property; characteristic of something
而: ér — but; and; while (contrasting or linking conjunction)
后者: hòuzhě — the latter; the second of two mentioned things
则: zé — then; in that case; contrasting conjunction
一定: yīdìng — certain; fixed; definite; necessarily
条件下: tiáojiàn xià — under certain conditions; given specific circumstances
人: rén — person; people; human being
意志: yìzhì — will; willpower; determination; volition
我: wǒ — I; me; first-person singular pronoun
确实: quèshí — indeed; truly; certainly; in fact
曾: céng — once; formerly; at some past time
从: cóng — from; following; since a starting point
主义者: zhǔyì zhě — advocate; adherent of an ideology or doctrine
思想: sīxiǎng — thought; ideology; ideas; way of thinking
激发: jīfā — to inspire; to stimulate; to arouse enthusiasm
联想: liánxiǎng — association of ideas; to think of by connection
中: zhōng — in; within; among; middle
领悟到: lǐngwù dào — to realize; to comprehend; to come to understand
观点: guāndiǎn — viewpoint; perspective; point of view
正是: zhèng shì — it is precisely; exactly; just so
妻子: qīzi — wife; one's married female partner
启发下: qǐfā xià — under the inspiration of; guided by someone's ideas
才: cái — only then; just; indicating a necessary condition
成为: chéngwéi — to become; to turn into something
贯穿全书: guànchuān quán shū — running throughout the entire book; permeating the work
全书: quán shū — the entire book; the whole work
生命力: shēngmìnglì — vitality; vigor; life force; dynamic energy
活: huó — living; alive; active; to live
原则: yuánzé — principle; fundamental rule or guideline
斜体: xiétǐ — italics; slanted typeface for emphasis
标注: biāozhù — to mark; to annotate; to label something
值得: zhídé — worth; deserving; to be worthy of attention
注意: zhùyì — to pay attention; to notice; to take note
这里: zhèlǐ — here; this place; at this point
其他: qítā — other; else; the rest; other things
地方: dìfang — place; location; area; region
一样: yīyàng — same; alike; just as; identical to
自己: zìjǐ — oneself; self; by oneself
独立: dúlì — independent; on one's own; self-reliant
思考: sīkǎo — to think deeply; to reflect; to ponder
问题: wèntí — problem; question; issue; matter
具体: jùtǐ — specific; concrete; detailed; particular
形式: xíngshì — form; format; shape; manner of expression
由: yóu — by; from; through; due to
提示: tíshì — to prompt; to hint; a reminder or cue
或: huò — or; either; alternatively
启发: qǐfā — to inspire; to enlighten; to give guidance
除了: chúle — besides; except for; in addition to
之外: zhīwài — outside of; beyond; apart from something
还: hái — also; still; in addition; furthermore
告诉: gàosu — to tell; to inform; to let someone know
有: yǒu — to have; there is; to exist
一项: yī xiàng — one item; one contribution; a single entry
贡献: gòngxiàn — contribution; to contribute; to make an offering
舆论: yúlùn — public opinion; popular sentiment; public discourse
超过: chāoguò — to exceed; to surpass; more than
章节: zhāngjié — chapters and sections; parts of a book
那: nà — that; referring to something at a distance
一章: yī zhāng — one chapter; a single chapter of a book
即: jí — namely; that is; i.e.; immediately
论: lùn — to discuss; on the topic of; essay about
劳动: láodòng — labor; work; physical or mental toil
阶级: jiējí — social class; class in society
之: zhī — classical possessive or linking particle; of
可能: kěnéng — possible; maybe; potential; perhaps
未来: wèilái — future; the time ahead; what is to come
完全: wánquán — completely; entirely; wholly; fully
出自: chūzì — to come from; to originate from someone
之手: zhī shǒu — from the hand of; written or made by someone
初稿: chūgǎo — first draft; initial version of a document
并不: bìng bù — not at all; does not; emphatically negative
存在: cúnzài — to exist; existence; to be present

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