On Liberty — Page 14

English → Chinese Preface Level 9/10

It is true that Mill had before learnt that men and women ought to be equal in legal, political, social, and domestic relations.

诚然，穆勒此前已经认识到，男女在法律、政治、社会和家庭关系上应当平等。

This was a point on which he had already fallen foul of his father's essay on _Government_.

在这一点上，他早已与其父亲的《政府论》产生了抵牾。

But Mrs. Taylor had actually written on this very point, and the warmth and fervour of Mill's denunciations of women's servitude were unmistakably caught from his wife's view of the practical disabilities entailed by the feminine position.

然而泰勒夫人实际上已就此写过文章，穆勒在谴责女性受奴役问题时所流露出的热情与激情，无疑是从其妻子对女性处境所造成的实际束缚的看法中汲取而来的。

_Liberty_ was published in 1859, when the nineteenth century was half over, but in its general spirit and in some of its special tendencies the little tract belongs rather to the standpoint of the eighteenth century than to that which saw its birth.

《论自由》出版于1859年，彼时十九世纪已过半，然而就其总体精神及若干特定倾向而言，这部小册子与其说属于孕育它的那个时代的立场，不如说更接近于十八世纪的立场。

In many of his speculations John Stuart Mill forms a sort of connecting link between the doctrines of the earlier English empirical school and those which we associate with the name of Mr. Herbert Spencer.

在诸多思想探索上，约翰·斯图尔特·穆勒构成了早期英国经验主义学派的学说与我们和赫伯特·斯宾塞先生之名相联系的那些学说之间的某种连接纽带。

In his _Logic_, for instance, he represents an advance on the theories of Hume, and yet does not see how profoundly the victories of Science modify the conclusions of the earlier thinker.

例如，在其《逻辑学》中，他代表着对休谟理论的一种推进，然而却未能看到科学的胜利是如何深刻地修正了这位早期思想家的结论。

Similarly, in his _Political Economy_, he desires to improve and to enlarge upon Ricardo, and yet does not advance so far as the modifications of political economy by Sociology, indicated by some later--and especially German--speculations on the subject.

同样，在其《政治经济学》中，他渴望改进并拓展李嘉图的理论，然而却未能推进至某些后来的——尤其是德国的——相关思辨所揭示的那种以社会学修正政治经济学的程度。

Vocabulary

诚然: chéngrán — Admittedly; it is true that something is so.
此前: cǐqián — Before this; prior to this point in time.
已经: yǐjīng — Already; indicates an action has been completed.
认识到: rènshi dào — To realize; to come to understand something.
男女: nánnǚ — Men and women; both sexes.
在: zài — In; at; on; preposition indicating location or context.
法律: fǎlǜ — Law; legal regulations and rules of a society.
政治: zhèngzhì — Politics; affairs relating to governance and power.
社会: shèhuì — Society; the community of people living together.
和: hé — And; connecting words, phrases, or clauses.
家庭: jiātíng — Family; household unit of related people.
关系: guānxi — Relationship; connection between people or things.
上: shàng — In terms of; regarding a particular domain or aspect.
应当: yīngdāng — Should; ought to; expressing moral obligation.
平等: píngděng — Equal; having the same rights and status.
这一点: zhè yī diǎn — This point; this particular aspect or matter.
他: tā — He; third-person singular masculine pronoun.
早已: zǎoyǐ — Long since; already a long time ago.
与: yǔ — With; and; together with something or someone.
其: qí — His; its; their; third-person possessive pronoun.
父亲: fùqīn — Father; male parent of a person.
的: de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification.
产生: chǎnshēng — To produce; to give rise to; to generate.
了: le — Particle indicating completed action or changed situation.
然而: rán'ér — However; yet; nevertheless; introduces a contrast.
实际上: shíjìshang — In fact; actually; in reality.
已: yǐ — Already; classical/literary form of 已经.
就此: jiùcǐ — On this matter; regarding this very subject.
写过: xiěguo — Has written; previously authored something.
文章: wénzhāng — Article; essay; a piece of written work.
谴责: qiǎnzé — To condemn; to strongly criticize or denounce.
女性: nǚxìng — Women; the female sex or gender.
受: shòu — To suffer; to receive; to be subjected to.
奴役: núyì — Enslavement; subjugation; treating people as slaves.
问题: wèntí — Problem; issue; question requiring attention.
时: shí — When; at the time of; temporal conjunction.
所: suǒ — Structural particle used before verbs in passive constructions.
流露出: liúlù chū — To reveal; to show unconsciously; to express naturally.
热情: rèqíng — Enthusiasm; warmth; passionate feeling toward something.
激情: jīqíng — Passion; intense emotional fervor or excitement.
无疑: wúyí — Undoubtedly; without doubt; certainly.
是: shì — Is; am; are; the verb to be in Chinese.
从: cóng — From; starting from a source or origin.
妻子: qīzi — Wife; a man's female spouse.
对: duì — Toward; regarding; preposition indicating direction or object.
处境: chǔjìng — Situation; circumstances one finds oneself in.
造成: zàochéng — To cause; to bring about a result or consequence.
实际: shíjì — Actual; real; practical as opposed to theoretical.
束缚: shùfù — Constraint; to bind; to restrict freedom of action.
看法: kànfǎ — View; opinion; one's perspective on something.
中: zhōng — Among; within; inside a scope or context.
汲取: jíqǔ — To draw from; to absorb and derive nourishment or inspiration.
而来: ér lái — Coming from; derived from a particular source.
出版: chūbǎn — To publish; to issue a book or periodical.
于: yú — In; at; on; literary preposition indicating time or place.
年: nián — Year; unit of time equal to twelve months.
彼时: bǐshí — At that time; back then; in those days.
十九世纪: shíjiǔ shìjì — The nineteenth century; from 1800 to 1899.
过半: guòbàn — More than half; past the midpoint.
就: jiù — With regard to; in terms of; as for.
总体: zǒngtǐ — Overall; general; viewed as a whole.
精神: jīngshén — Spirit; essence; the underlying ethos of something.
及: jí — And; as well as; together with.
若干: ruògān — Several; a certain number of; some.
特定: tèdìng — Specific; particular; designated for a purpose.
倾向: qīngxiàng — Tendency; inclination toward a particular direction or view.
而言: éryán — As for; in terms of; speaking with regard to.
这部: zhè bù — This volume; this work; referring to a specific book.
小册子: xiǎocèzi — Pamphlet; booklet; a small, short publication.
与其说: yǔqíshuō — Rather than saying; used to contrast two characterizations.
属于: shǔyú — To belong to; to be part of a category.
孕育: yùnyù — To nurture; to breed; to give birth to ideas.
它: tā — It; third-person singular pronoun for objects or things.
那个: nàge — That; referring to a particular thing or time.
时代: shídài — Era; age; a particular period in history.
立场: lìchǎng — Standpoint; position; one's stance on an issue.
不如说: bùrú shuō — Better to say; more accurately described as.
更: gèng — More; even more; to a greater degree.
接近于: jiējìn yú — Closer to; approximating; approaching a certain description.
十八世纪: shíbā shìjì — The eighteenth century; from 1700 to 1799.
诸多: zhūduō — Numerous; many; a great variety of things.
思想: sīxiǎng — Thought; ideology; intellectual ideas and theories.
探索: tànsuǒ — To explore; to investigate; to search for understanding.
构成: gòuchéng — To constitute; to form; to make up something.
早期: zǎoqī — Early period; the initial phase of something.
英国: Yīngguó — England; the United Kingdom; Britain.
经验主义: jīngyàn zhǔyì — Empiricism; philosophy that knowledge comes from experience.
学派: xuépài — School of thought; academic faction or philosophical tradition.
学说: xuéshuō — Theory; doctrine; a systematic set of academic ideas.
我们: wǒmen — We; us; first-person plural pronoun.
先生: xiānsheng — Mr.; gentleman; a respectful form of address.
之名: zhī míng — By the name of; under the name of someone.
相: xiāng — Mutually; each other; used before relational verbs.
联系: liánxì — To connect; to associate; a link between things.
那些: nàxiē — Those; referring to previously mentioned plural items.
之间: zhījiān — Between; among; in the space separating two things.
某种: mǒu zhǒng — A certain kind of; some type of something.
连接: liánjiē — Connection; link; to join two things together.
纽带: niǔdài — Bond; tie; a binding link between people or ideas.
例如: lìrú — For example; for instance; such as.
逻辑学: luójí xué — Logic; the academic study of reasoning and argumentation.
代表着: dàibiǎo zhe — Represents; stands for; symbolizes something ongoing.
理论: lǐlùn — Theory; a systematic explanation of observed phenomena.
一种: yī zhǒng — A kind of; one type of something.
推进: tuījìn — To advance; to push forward; to further develop.
却: què — Yet; but; however; introducing a contrast.
未能: wèinéng — Failed to; was unable to accomplish something.
看到: kàndào — To see; to notice; to perceive visually or mentally.
科学: kēxué — Science; systematic study of the natural world.
胜利: shènglì — Victory; triumph; success over opposition.
如何: rúhé — How; in what way; by what means.
深刻: shēnkè — Profound; deep; having great intellectual or emotional depth.
地: de — Adverbial particle linking adjectives or adverbs to verbs.
修正: xiūzhèng — To revise; to correct; to amend conclusions or theories.
这位: zhè wèi — This person; respectful reference to a specific individual.
思想家: sīxiǎngjiā — Thinker; intellectual; person known for original ideas.
结论: jiélùn — Conclusion; the final judgment reached by reasoning.
同样: tóngyàng — Similarly; likewise; in the same way.
政治经济学: zhèngzhì jīngjìxué — Political economy; study of economics and governance together.
渴望: kěwàng — To yearn for; to desire strongly; to long for.
改进: gǎijìn — To improve; to make better; to refine something.
并: bìng — And; furthermore; in addition to what was stated.
拓展: tuòzhǎn — To expand; to extend; to broaden the scope of something.
至: zhì — To; until; up to a certain point or limit.
某些: mǒuxiē — Certain; some; particular unspecified items or cases.
后来: hòulái — Later; afterward; subsequently in time.
尤其: yóuqí — Especially; particularly; above all others.
德国: Déguó — Germany; a country in central Europe.
相关: xiāngguān — Related; relevant; pertaining to the matter at hand.
思辨: sībiàn — Speculative thinking; philosophical reasoning and reflection.
揭示: jiēshì — To reveal; to illuminate; to make something clear.
那种: nà zhǒng — That kind of; that type of something.
以: yǐ — With; by means of; using something as a basis.
社会学: shèhuìxué — Sociology; the academic study of human society.
程度: chéngdù — Degree; extent; level to which something applies.

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