On the Method of Zadig: Essay #1 from "Science and Hebrew Tradition" — Page 8

Vocabulary

在

zài — At, in, on; indicates location or existence.

所有

suǒyǒu — All, every; belonging to someone.

这些

zhèxiē — These; referring to nearby plural things.

情况

qíngkuàng — Situation, circumstance, condition.

中

zhōng — Middle, within, among; in the midst of.

改变

gǎibiàn — To change, alter, transform something.

的

de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification.

只是

zhǐshì — Just, merely, only; nothing more than.

与

yǔ — And, with; together with someone or something.

时间

shíjiān — Time; a period or point in time.

关系

guānxi — Relationship, connection, relevance between things.

超越

chāoyuè — To surpass, transcend, go beyond limits.

可能

kěnéng — Possible, maybe; expressing possibility or likelihood.

直接

zhíjiē — Direct, directly; without intermediary steps.

知识

zhīshi — Knowledge, learning; information one has acquired.

界限

jièxiàn — Boundary, limit, dividing line between things.

占卜

zhānbǔ — Divination, fortune-telling; predicting future events.

过程

guòchéng — Process, course; sequence of steps or stages.

始终如一

shǐzhōng rúyī — Consistent from start to finish; unchanging throughout.

毫无疑问

háowú yíwèn — Without any doubt; absolutely certain.

正是

zhèngshì — Precisely, exactly; it is indeed this.

他们

tāmen — They, them; third-person plural pronoun.

对

duì — Correct; toward; regarding; a pair.

推断

tuīduàn — To infer, deduce; draw a logical conclusion.

结果

jiéguǒ — Result, outcome; consequence of an action.

权威

quánwēi — Authority, authoritative; expert with recognized power.

神启

shénqǐ — Divine revelation; knowledge revealed by a deity.

所得

suǒdé — What is obtained; that which one gains.

结论

jiélùn — Conclusion; final judgment reached after reasoning.

之间

zhījiān — Between, among; in the space separating things.

相似性

xiāngsìxìng — Similarity, resemblance; degree of being alike.

本能

běnnéng — Instinct; innate natural impulse or tendency.

认识

rènshi — To know, recognize; understanding of something.

激起

jīqǐ — To arouse, provoke, stir up a reaction.

了

le — Particle indicating completed action or change of state.

术士

shùshì — Sorcerer, magician; one who practices occult arts.

们

men — Plural suffix for pronouns and some nouns.

焚烧

fénshāo — To burn, incinerate; destroy something with fire.

这位

zhèwèi — This (person); polite referential for an individual.

哲学家

zhéxuéjiā — Philosopher; one who studies philosophy professionally.

欲望

yùwàng — Desire, craving; strong wish for something.

承认

chéngrèn — To admit, acknowledge, recognize as true.

他

tā — He, him; third-person masculine singular pronoun.

从未

cóngwèi — Never; at no time in the past.

见过

jiànguò — To have seen; experienced seeing before.

或

huò — Or; alternatively; either one option or another.

听说过

tīngshuōguò — To have heard of; learned through others speaking.

国王

guówáng — King; male monarch ruling a kingdom.

马

mǎ — Horse; large domesticated four-legged animal.

王后

wánghòu — Queen; wife of a king, female royalty.

然而

rán'ér — However, yet; introducing a contrasting statement.

却

què — Yet, but; indicates contrast or unexpectedness.

敢于

gǎnyú — To dare to; have courage to do something.

以

yǐ — With, using, by means of something.

最

zuì — Most; superlative degree marker.

肯定

kěndìng — Definitely, affirmative; to confirm or assert certainly.

方式

fāngshì — Method, manner, way of doing something.

断言

duànyán — To assert, declare confidently; state as definite fact.

符合

fúhé — To conform to, match, be in accordance with.

其

qí — Its, his, her; third-person possessive pronoun.

描述

miáoshù — To describe; give a detailed account of something.

动物

dòngwù — Animal; living organism capable of movement.

确实

quèshí — Indeed, truly; used to affirm a statement.

存在

cúnzài — To exist; be present or real in reality.

并

bìng — And, moreover; in addition to that.

平原

píngyuán — Plain, flatland; large flat open land area.

上

shàng — Above, on top; upper surface of something.

奔跑

bēnpǎo — To run, sprint; move rapidly on foot.

如果

rúguǒ — If, supposing; introduces a conditional clause.

方法

fāngfǎ — Method, approach; systematic way of doing something.

能够

nénggòu — To be able to; have capability to do.

十

shí — Ten; the number 10.

小时

xiǎoshí — Hour; unit of time equal to 60 minutes.

前

qián — Before, front, ago; preceding in time or space.

发生

fāshēng — To happen, occur; take place as an event.

事情

shìqing — Matter, affair, thing; an event or situation.

为何

wèihé — Why, for what reason; asking for explanation.

不能

bùnéng — Cannot, unable to; lack ability or permission.

十年

shínián — Ten years; a decade.

十个

shí gè — Ten (items); the quantity of ten things.

世纪

shìjì — Century; a period of one hundred years.

甚至

shènzhì — Even, so much so; emphasizing an extreme case.

它

tā — It; third-person pronoun for objects or animals.

难道

nándào — Could it be that; rhetorical question marker.

延伸

yánshēn — To extend, stretch; reach further in distance or time.

至

zhì — To, until, up to; reaching a point.

一万

yīwàn — Ten thousand; the number 10,000.

年前

nián qián — Years ago; in the past by specified years.

从而

cóng'ér — Thus, thereby; resulting in a consequence.

为

wèi — For, on behalf of; serve as a purpose.

那些

nàxiē — Those; referring to distant plural things.

亵渎神明

xièdú shénmíng — To blaspheme; show disrespect or irreverence toward deities.

者

zhě — Person who; suffix indicating a doer of action.

干涉

gānshè — To interfere, meddle; involve oneself without invitation.

鱼

yú — Fish; aquatic vertebrate animal.

传说

chuánshuō — Legend, myth; story passed down through generations.

以及

yǐjí — As well as, and also; connecting additional items.

宇宙论

yǔzhòulùn — Cosmology; study of the origin and structure of the universe.

一切

yīqiè — Everything, all; without any exception.

神圣

shénshèng — Sacred, holy; deserving of religious reverence.

根基

gēnjī — Foundation, base; fundamental underlying support.

提供

tígōng — To provide, supply, offer something to someone.

借口

jièkǒu — Excuse, pretext; false reason given for action.

但

dàn — But, however; introduces a contrasting idea.

这

zhè — This; demonstrative pronoun for nearby things.

还不是

hái bùshì — Is not yet; still does not amount to.

糟糕

zāogāo — Bad, terrible; expressing that something is awful.

还有

hái yǒu — There is also; in addition, furthermore.

另一个

lìng yī gè — Another one; a different additional item or person.

考量

kǎoliáng — Consideration, factor; something taken into account.

显然

xiǎnrán — Obviously, clearly; evident without need for explanation.

促使

cùshǐ — To prompt, motivate, cause someone to act.

更为

gèngwéi — Even more; to a greater degree than before.

深思熟虑

shēnsī shúlǜ — Careful deliberation; think deeply and thoroughly before deciding.

认为

rènwéi — To think, believe, consider to be true.

应当

yīngdāng — Should, ought to; indicates moral obligation.

立即

lìjí — Immediately, at once; without any delay.

将

jiāng — Will; particle indicating future action or disposal.

处以

chǔyǐ — To punish with; impose a specific penalty on.

火刑

huǒxíng — Death by fire; execution by burning at stake.

辩护

biànhù — To defend; argue in support of someone's actions.

比

bǐ — Than, compared to; used in comparisons.

过失

guòshī — Fault, mistake, negligence; an unintentional error.

有害

yǒuhài — Harmful, detrimental; causing damage or negative effects.

表明

biǎomíng — To indicate, show clearly; make evident to others.

整个

zhěnggè — Entire, whole; referring to the complete totality.

之道

zhī dào — The way of; method or principle of something.

充满

chōngmǎn — Full of, filled with; packed completely with something.

危险

wēixiǎn — Danger, risk; a situation involving potential harm.