Plays of Sophocles: Oedipus the King; Oedipus at Colonus; Antigone — Page 6

Vocabulary

王

ō — king, monarch, ruler

は

wa — topic-marking particle in Japanese grammar

この

kono — this (refers to something nearby)

地

chi — land, earth, ground, territory

に

ni — particle indicating location, direction, or time

蔓延る

habikoру — to spread rampantly, infest, proliferate widely

忌まわしき

imawashiki — abominable, detestable, deeply offensive or ominous

穢れ

kegare — ritual impurity, pollution, defilement, uncleanliness

を

wo — object-marking particle in Japanese grammar

厳しく

kibishiku — strictly, severely, harshly, rigorously

根絶

konzetsu — eradication, extermination, complete elimination of something

し

shi — conjunctive verb form connecting clauses

久しき

hisashiki — long-standing, longstanding, of great duration

病

yamai — illness, disease, sickness, ailment

二度と

nidoto — never again, not a second time

宿す

yadosu — to harbor, lodge, contain within, shelter

な

na — prohibitive particle meaning do not

と

to — quotation particle; also means and, with

我ら

warera — we, us (formal or archaic first-person plural)

命じ

meiji — to order, command, instruct (stem form)

られ

rare — passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix

た

ta — past tense auxiliary verb ending

その

sono — that, the (referring to previously mentioned thing)

罪

tsumi — crime, sin, guilt, offense

の

no — possessive or linking particle between nouns

贖い

aganai — atonement, redemption, expiation for a sin

何か

nanika — something, anything; what is it?

何

nani — what, which thing or matter

が

ga — subject-marking particle in Japanese grammar

問題

mondai — problem, issue, question, matter at hand

か

ka — question-marking particle ending interrogative sentences

追放

tsuihō — exile, banishment, expulsion from a place

あるいは

aruiwa — or, alternatively, perhaps, on the other hand

血

chi — blood, bloodline, lineage

汚れ

yogore — stain, dirt, contamination, moral corruption

国家

kokka — nation, state, country as political entity

難破

nanpa — shipwreck, wreck, catastrophic ruin

さ

sa — causative suffix or nominalizing suffix

せ

se — causative auxiliary verb inflection

て

te — conjunctive particle linking sequential actions

いる

iru — to be (animate), to exist, ongoing action

だ

da — copula meaning is, are, am (plain form)

かくも

kakumo — so, to such a degree, thus deeply

断罪

danzai — condemnation, conviction, rendering judgment on

れ

re — passive verb inflection suffix

悪人

akunin — evil person, villain, wicked individual

一体

ittai — what on earth, in the world (emphatic)

誰

dare — who, which person

こと

koto — thing, matter, fact, circumstance (abstract)

指し

sashi — to point to, indicate, refer to (stem)

あなた

anata — you (second-person pronoun, polite)

国

kuni — country, nation, land, homeland

舵取り

kajitori — steering, helmsmanship, guiding a nation

引き受け

hikiuke — to take on, undertake, accept responsibility

られる

rareru — passive or potential auxiliary verb (plain form)

前

mae — before, in front of, prior time

君主

kunshu — monarch, sovereign, lord, ruler of state

で

de — particle indicating location of action or means

聞き及ん

kikioyonde — to have heard of, learned about through report

人物

jinbutsu — person, figure, personage, character of note

会っ

atte — to meet, encounter (te-form of au)

ない

nai — not, negation suffix or adjective

彼

kare — he, him, that man

斃れ

taore — to fall dead, collapse, be slain

そして

soshite — and then, and so, furthermore

今

ima — now, at present, currently

神

kami — god, deity, divine being

命令

meirei — order, command, directive, instruction

明らか

akiraka — clear, obvious, evident, plain

あれ

are — let it be, may it be (imperative form)

殺め

ayame — to kill, slay, commit murder (literary)

者

mono — person, one who does something

罰せよ

basseyо — punish! (imperative command to punish)

たち

tachi — plural suffix for people or animate beings

どこ

doko — where, what place

広い

hiroi — wide, broad, spacious, vast

世界

sekai — world, universe, realm, the earth

過ぎ去り

sugisari — to pass by, elapse, go away into past

遠く

tōku — far away, distant, in the distance

かすか

kasuka — faint, dim, slight, barely perceptible

痕跡

konseki — trace, vestige, mark left behind

見つけ

mitsuke — to find, discover, locate (stem form)

よう

yō — let's, in order to, volitional or purposive

あり

ari — there is, it exists (classical/formal form)

言わ

iwa — to say (negative stem form of iu)

求める

motomeru — to seek, demand, request, pursue eagerly

見つける

mitsukeru — to find, discover, spot something

あろう

arō — probably is, let there be (volitional of aru)

手

te — hand, hands, means, method

こまね

komane — to fold arms, stand by idly doing nothing

いて

ite — being, existing (te-form of iru)

座る

suwaru — to sit, be seated, remain seated

眠る

nemuru — to sleep, slumber, be dormant

盲目

mōmoku — blindness, being blind, sightlessness

なり

nari — to become, classical copula (archaic usage)

運命

unmei — fate, destiny, fortune, one's lot in life

見舞わ

mimaiwa — to befall, afflict, visit (misfortune) upon

時

toki — time, moment, occasion, when

宮殿

kyūden — palace, royal residence, grand court building

内

uchi — inside, within, interior

い

i — to be (stem of iru, animate existence)

野

no — field, plain, wilderness, open country

それとも

soretomo — or, or else, alternatively between two options

旅

tabi — journey, trip, travel, voyage

途上

tojō — on the way, in the course of journey

外

soto — outside, exterior, outdoors

出

de — exit, departure (stem of deru)

おり

ori — to be, exist (humble/formal form of iru)

まし

mashi — polite past auxiliary (used in mashita form)

へ

e — particle indicating direction of movement toward

向かう

mukau — to head toward, face, proceed in direction

言っ

itte — to say, said (te-form of iu)

出発

shuppatsu — departure, setting out, leaving a place

そこ

soko — there, that place, that point

から

kara — from, since, because (particle)

戻る

modoru — to return, go back, come back

ませ

mase — polite imperative suffix, please do

ん

n — negative contraction of nai; also soft sentence ender

手がかり

tegakari — clue, lead, hint toward solving something

なる

naru — to become, turn into, result in

知らせ

shirase — news, notification, report, information given

も

mo — also, too, even, as well (particle)

同行者

dōkōsha — companion, fellow traveler, someone traveling together

一つ

hitotsu — one (thing), a single item

来

ki — to come (stem form of kuru)

かっ

ka(tt) — past tense conjunctive of adjective or verb

ただ

tada — only, merely, just, simply

一人

hitori — one person, alone, by oneself

だけ

dake — only, just, merely, no more than

命

inochi — life, one's life force, existence

がら

gara — while, during (suffix indicating simultaneous action)

逃げ延び

nigenobi — to survive by fleeing, escape with one's life

目

me — eye, eyes, vision, sight

全て

subete — all, everything, entirely, the whole

うち

uchi — among, within, inside a group or period

確か

tashika — certain, sure, definite, reliable

語る

kataru — to tell, narrate, speak about, recount

でき

deki — can do, be able to (stem of dekiru)

それ

sore — that, it (referring to previously mentioned thing)

たとえ

tatoe — even if, even though, supposing that

一筋

hitosuji — a single thread, ray, or strand of hope

希望

kibō — hope, wish, desire for something positive

光

hikari — light, radiance, ray, gleam

探求

tankyū — pursuit, quest, earnest search for something

導い

michibiite — to guide, lead, show the way (te-form)

くれる

kureru — to give (to me/us), do something for speaker

かも

kamo — maybe, perhaps, might be (uncertainty particle)

しれ

shire — might, may (part of kamoshirenai, perhaps)

盗賊

tōzoku — thief, bandit, robber, brigand

です

desu — polite copula meaning is, are, am

言い

ii — to say (stem form of iu)

山賊

sanzoku — mountain bandit, highwayman, robber in hills

なく

naku — not being, without (conjunctive negative form)

悪党

akutō — villain, scoundrel, gang of wrongdoers

一団

ichidan — a group, band, party of people together

襲い

osoi — to attack, assault, fall upon (stem form)